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1. Does the samurai really have this army? Is its story true? 2. What kind of army are "8,000 samurai fighting Changde" and "samurai army"? 3. During the Anti-Japanese War, which division of the Kuomintang had the title of samurai? Does the samurai really have this army? Is its story true? There are indeed historical records of samurai in history, and the story is as follows:

Records of the samurai army

According to records, among the officials in the Xia Dynasty, there were Shi, and in the Han Dynasty, there were corps commander and Lang, which were used throughout the ages and were not abolished until the Tang Dynasty. In ancient times, the generals of the palace guards were called warriors, and warriors were also called warriors.

Samurai means courageously chasing wild animals like tigers.

Samurai army in Han dynasty

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, orphans and descendants of generals in the army were unified into one army, which was named the Tiger Ben Army, and a captain of the Tiger Ben was appointed as the military chief. The samurai army is not controlled by anyone, but only under the command of the emperor!

Yuan dynasty samurai army

The regular army of the Yuan Dynasty was divided into two parts: the garrison and the garrison. The former's main task is to defend Dadu, Shangdu and their nearby areas, and to suppress rebellion and uprising as the central army; The latter defends the strategic location and frontier of the whole country. Most of the early guards were Han troops. The samurai army belongs to the Suwei Army.

At that time, the troops stationed in today's central and western Chengde were the troops of the samurai army.

"Yuan Shi" records the samurai army like this:

Pro-military commanders and emissaries are responsible for the affairs of Shangdu Yuanbing and Oulu respectively.

In the 16th year of Zhiyuan, the Tiger Ben Army was established with two officers.

In seventeen years, the capital released two viceroy, one in the vice viceroy and the other in the vice viceroy.

During the Zhenyuan period, the samurai army was changed to the commander of the samurai pro-army.

As can be seen from the above records, the samurai army was founded in 1279 (in the sixteenth year of the puppet regime). 1295 (pseudo-yuan Zhenyuan year) was changed to warrior pro-army. The "headquarters" of the samurai army, that is, the commander-in-chief and the ambassador department, is located in Shangdu (now Zhenglan Banner in Inner Mongolia). The samurai army is divided into the following six "Chihiro". Distributed in all parts of Shangdu Road area.

The capital of the Yuan Dynasty was Dadu (now Beijing) and Shangdu (now Zhenglan Banner in Inner Mongolia). Xingzhou, where Wuzhishan is located, originally belonged to Beijing Road (now Daming Town, Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia). 1262 (three years of reunification), the puppet emperor Kublai Khan personally cut Xingzhou from Beijing Road and set up Kaiping House. The following year, Kaiping Prefecture was changed to Shangdu Road.

The states under the jurisdiction of Shangdu Road are Shunning (now Xuanhua, Hebei), Baoan (now Zhuolu, Hebei), Yuzhou (now Yuxian, Hebei), Xingzhou (now Longhua, Hebei), Songzhou (now Chifeng, Inner Mongolia) and Zhou Huan (now northwest of Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia). Six Chihiro of the samurai army is stationed in these six state capitals, among which 1 Chihiro is stationed in Xingzhou.

Officials in the Yuan Dynasty were called Duhufu, Wan Wan, Qianhu, Baihu and Paitou from top to bottom. The samurai army stationed in Shangdu is in command, equivalent to 10 thousand households. It should be Xingzhou, the resident of the King of Thousand Houses of the Tiger Ben Army, who donated money to build a tower and monument for the Great Wheel Zen Master. There are twenty or thirty households in each household, and another household, Wang Yan, donated hundreds of samurai groups to build towers and monuments. Other households led troops to station in Xingzhou jurisdiction-today's central and western Chengde.

"Tiger Ben" 57th Division of National Revolutionary Army

In the Battle of Changde1943165438+10/2, the 57th Division under the 74th Army performed extremely heroically. At that time, the 57th Division held fast to Changde and fought bloody battles with the three main Japanese divisions 16 day and night. Japanese military aircraft, artillery and poison gas took turns to attack, and the officers and men of the 57th Division were exhausted. In the end, all the handyman and politicians of the division went into battle, and Yu Chengwan, the division commander, led the guard into the war. After the battle, the officers and men had to fight hand to hand, but they still fought to the death, and the situation was unprecedented. In this campaign, only 57 divisions annihilated more than 10,000 Japanese troops, but they were almost exhausted. At this time, only the teacher Yu Chengwan led 180 people to break through, and the rest of the officers and men volunteered to fight to the death with Changde * * *, and fought against the Japanese army who broke into the house door by door, all of them sacrificed heroically and once again made the name of "samurai". Six days later, Yu Chengwan led the areas to return to Changde with the counter-offensive forces. When Changde was recovered, only 83 people were left. This movement coincides with the Cairo Summit of the United States, China and Britain. President Roosevelt listened to Chiang Kai-shek's introduction to the situation and wrote down the name of Mr. Yu Chengwan in the memorandum.

What kind of army are "8,000 samurai fighting Changde" and "Samurai Army"? The word "Samurai" first came from Xia Dynasty, and was later inherited by Zhou Dynasty rather than Shang Dynasty. After that, each dynasty actually had its own "samurai group".

The word "samurai" is synonymous with elite force. Although its influence has been weakening since the Han Dynasty, in fact, its influence is everywhere. Although its organizational system was abolished after the Tang Dynasty, it rose and fell, and was constantly rebuilt after that. However, regardless of the past dynasties, the rulers often give people who have made special contributions and have fierce fighting capacity the title of "Tiger Ben Army", just as scholars have gained fame as officials, being awarded the title of "Tiger Ben Army" is also an affirmation of soldiers fighting in the army. Therefore, although the "Tiger Army" gradually withdrew from the stage after the Tang Dynasty, its influence still exists.

The influence of "Samurai Army" is not only in ancient times, but also in the modern history of China. During the Anti-Japanese War, there was a famous "eight thousand tigers pouncing on Changde". 1in the autumn of 943, in order to open the door to attack Xiangxi, Japanese militarism first mobilized two divisions to attack two divisions of the 19th Army in China, which were in front of the Yangtze River. As soon as they achieved the goal of containment, they could not reinforce Changde. In addition, two divisions were dispatched to attack six divisions of the 29 th Army, targeting Changde. After continuous operations, nearly 30,000 Japanese divisions arrived near Changde. At that time, the 57th Division was stationed in the suburb of Changde, and it was a unit under the 74th Army. During the Anti-Japanese War, the 74th Army was called the trump card of China Army, and its three divisions were also called the "35th Army", which was an absolute elite.

It has become the tradition of this army to take the lead in every fierce battle from the Battle of Songhu to the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The 57th Division is also known as the "samurai division", that is, at that time, at an absolute disadvantage, these 8,000 warriors used their flesh and blood to stop the crazy attack of 30,000 Japanese troops for more than ten days in a row, and finally only a few dozen people broke through. It was these ten days that blocked the Japanese army and played a vital role in the subsequent battle victory. This battle also made us understand two things: no matter what setbacks the Chinese nation suffered, it was the continuous efforts of our ancestors that made us forget our lives. If expressed in a poem, it is: "Even if there is a thousand yellow sand, I will not move." Because of this war, we have seen the super fighting power of "Modern Tiger".

It can be seen that even if there is such a big gap between the enemy and me in terms of strength, weapons, ammunition and logistics supply, the "samurai division" can persist to this extent. Of course, the above is about modern samurai, so what kind of army was the "samurai army" in ancient China? Although the development of samurai originated in Xia Dynasty, it was in Zhou Dynasty that samurai became an army.

So today we will talk about the "samurai army" from the Zhou Dynasty. Let's talk about the three major armies of the Zhou Dynasty and their composition. The main forces of the Zhou Dynasty were divided into Samurai Army, Saturday Division and Yin Eighth Division. Saturday Division was composed of China people, and Yin Eighth Division was composed of savages. What are China and Savage?

"China people" lived in the city wall and were originally farmers of Zhou Commune. Although they are exploited and oppressed, they still maintain a certain blood relationship with the nobility and have certain political rights and military service obligations. Savage lives in the countryside and is a member of the Shang clan and other communes that were first conquered. So these are Saturday Division and Yin Eighth Division, so what are the samurai groups made of? "

Samurai are neither China nor barbarians, and the conditions for entering the samurai army are quite high. To some extent, the samurai group was composed of the children of the Qing doctor at that time, in other words, they were also a group of aristocratic children, so we can see that the status of the samurai group in the Zhou Dynasty was very lofty, not only because they were closely related to the Zhou Emperor, but also because they were aristocratic children themselves.

During the Anti-Japanese War, which division of the Kuomintang had the title of Tiger Ben? The 74th Army is one of the five main forces of the Kuomintang army, and the 57th Division is the trump card. The 57th Division of the 74th Army of the Kuomintang Army is called the "Tiger-based" Division.

The China Army defending Changde is the 57th Division of the 74th Army of the Kuomintang Army.

In the case that it is easy to attack and difficult to defend, there is no danger to rely on. With an army of 8,000 people to deal with 40,000 well-equipped bandits, we fought alone 16 days and nights. Only the teacher Yu Chengwan led more than 200 people to break through (including two famous American journalists), and almost all the troops were wiped out! At the same time, it caused heavy casualties to the Japanese army. The enemy left tens of thousands of bodies in the suburbs of Changde, which greatly hurt his vitality.

The 74th Division, formerly known as the 74th Army, was reorganized into the 74th Division after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, but its establishment is still the army establishment. The representatives of the 74th Army are Wang and Zhang.

The 74th Army is known as the "Kingsguard" of the Chiang family dynasty. It was established in Zhejiang on September 1937, and was compiled by Wang's 5 1 division and Yu Jishi's 58th division. The whole army consists of 8 regiments, 2 10000 people. In the first year of the Anti-Japanese War, it showed its true colors and was the most brilliant army in the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. There are countless wonderful examples: the second battle was the first time to annihilate almost an entire Japanese division. This battle is not conducive to the Eighth Route Army's surprise attack on Pingxing Pass, nor to the firepower of Kunlun Pass National Army. Relying on the bloody battles of the soldiers, the 74 th Army was able to attack and defend and made great contributions. (Zhang, the head of the 305th regiment, led a surprise attack on Zhangjiashan, fighting day and night for several days, which played a vital role in the final victory. Afterwards, Guo Moruo specially sent Tian Han to write a script to praise De 'an's victory, and Zhang's real name starred in the play, which became famous all over the world for a time. ) 4 1 year, participated in the high battle, wiped out the enemy16,000 people, captured 2,800 horses and killed them all. (Won the first martial arts form and the highest honor "Flying Tiger Flag" of the National Government, known as the Anti-Japanese Iron Army. He Qinying called it "the most wonderful battle after the war"). In the Battle of Changde, 8000 men from 57th Division of 74th Army faced tens of thousands of Japanese troops of 1 1 and held on to Changde 16 days, stubbornly resisting the coordinated attack of Japanese army by land, air and Tanzania. Even under the conditions of heavy artillery fire and even the release of poisonous gas, the Japanese army fought to the death and suffered all casualties (during the Cairo Conference, the heroic struggle of the 57th Division greatly improved their national and military prestige. Zhang Henshui, a famous writer, wrote a novel called "Tiger Hero" based on the Battle of Changde. In memory of the soldiers of the 74th Army who died for their country, Changde people spontaneously raised funds to build a cemetery covering an area of 30,000 square meters on the east side of Qingnian Road in March, 1944 as a permanent memorial). Xuefeng Mountain Campaign in Xiangxi (nearly wiped out the Japanese 1 16 divisions and wiped out about 30,000 Japanese troops). This greatest army during the Anti-Japanese War was appointed as the General Reserve Army of the Military Commission by Jiang Zhongzheng after the Wuhan Battle, and it was the vanguard of the three major war zones in Central China. The Japanese army is also deeply in awe of the ace troops in this national army, calling them the "Three-Five Troops" (referring to 5 1 division, with 57 divisions and 58 divisions under its jurisdiction, all starting with 5). In the battle of Nanchang, even if the troops were defeated, the army still did not change its true colors as a heroic and good-fighting anti-Japanese iron army. Twice, he was awarded the highest honor of the Military Commission-Flying Tiger Banner, and once he was awarded the first-class martial arts certificate of the National Government. Even the US military advisory group once praised that "only 74th Army in China can fight". No one is second to none in the national army.