What are the truly effective methods to prevent and control myopia?

Myopia prevention and control, these three methods are the most reliable. Low-dose atropine, orthokeratology lenses and outdoor sports can effectively prevent and control the vision loss of myopic children. First, medical optometry and eye axis measurement are required. If optometry The result was determined to be myopia. There is currently no complete cure, but there is a way to control the development of myopia

Myopia prevention and control, these three methods are the most reliable: low-dose atropine, orthokeratology lenses and outdoor exercise Can effectively prevent and control vision loss in children with myopia. First, medical optometry and eye axis measurement are required. If the optometry result is determined to be myopia, there is currently no complete cure, but there is a way to control the development of myopia. "Many optometry scholars in the world have reached a consensus that the current effective myopia prevention and control methods are still the classic "trilogy". 0.01% atropine, the most effective myopia prevention and control drug, mentions atropine, ophthalmologists and some parents No stranger to it, it is the most widely used cycloplegic agent in ophthalmology. It is used for dilating mydriasis, and the adverse reactions such as photophobia and blurred vision when my pupils are dilated are daunting. Experts have found that diluting atropine to 0.01% can effectively slow down the progression of myopia with fewer adverse reactions. In this era when true myopia is helpless, among the several methods that people have mastered can effectively control the progression of myopia, medication. , this method is the best. At present, there are no readily available low-concentration atropine drugs in our country, and doctors need to prepare them by themselves. Therefore, in order to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, it must be used under the guidance of a doctor and not blindly used. The first choice for surgical treatment of myopia. Among the various methods to control myopia, posterior scleral reinforcement = orthokeratology lens > progressive multifocal lens = defocus glasses > ordinary glasses. Posterior scleral reinforcement is a surgery that uses biological materials. Or use synthetic materials to strengthen the posterior sclera of the eye to alleviate the progression of myopia? Parents are not willing to do so. Orthokeratology lenses are irreplaceable in controlling myopia. It is currently one of the most effective means of controlling myopia in the world. It has more than 200,000 users and has been recognized all over the world. Orthokeratology lens (commonly known as OK lens) is a kind of lens made of highly oxygen-permeable materials. A contact lens designed and made according to the patient's corneal geometry and refractive status. The special design of the steep periphery causes the tears under the lens to exert slight pressure on the cornea, thereby slowly changing the shape of the cornea, thereby reducing the degree of myopia and astigmatism. . Put it on before going to bed at night and take it off after getting up in the morning, and you can achieve normal vision the next day. The biggest advantage of orthokeratology lenses is that you can sleep peacefully while getting rid of the trouble of wearing glasses during the day and the increasing degree of myopia. Wearing them can control the increase in the axial length of the eye and delay the development of myopia. Research has found that compared with teenagers of the same age who wear traditional glasses, the development of myopia in those who wear plastic glasses is about half, and some children even wear them for 3 years. Myopia only increased by 25 degrees after wearing them, and a small number of children only increased their myopia by 150 degrees after wearing them for 10 years. A study in Hong Kong also found that those who continued to wear plastic lenses for 3 years had an eye length that was as high as wearing glasses. Half of teenagers of the same age, the degree of myopia is only half of the latter. In the current situation where there is no effective method to prevent and control myopia in teenagers, this technology does bring hope to both doctors and patients, becoming a non-surgical method. The first choice for treating myopia. Orthokeratology lenses are Class III medical devices managed by the State Food and Drug Administration. Orthokeratology lenses are a medical technology and have certain risks, so they must be fitted by an optometrist. Each pair of plastic lenses is customized and requires the doctor to have extensive clinical experience, and must be reviewed regularly after wearing. Orthokeratology lenses not only require high technical requirements for fitting, but also require the cooperation of the wearer, especially the hygiene and health conditions of the child and family. Children need to pay attention to hand and eye hygiene when wearing them, and parents must be health-conscious and strictly follow the doctor’s instructions. Regular follow-up visits are required, and prompt medical treatment is required if the child develops eye discomfort. In addition, shaping lenses also have certain requirements for age and degree of myopia. For example, they are best worn by children over 8 years old and capable of taking care of themselves. The degree of myopia should be within 600 degrees. For myopia with higher degree of astigmatism, it is required Choose special lenses. Of course, for some children with good health awareness, the age can also be relaxed appropriately. Regarding the fitting and use of orthokeratology lenses, Dr. Shi proposed that professional doctors + qualified lenses (medical devices) + qualified users (patients) = safe and effective.

2 hours of outdoor exercise a day is the best panacea. Many parents of children with myopia hope to find a quick and easy way or medicine to cure myopia. At present, there are an endless stream of myopia prevention and treatment products on the market, which cater to this mentality of parents, and business is booming. Is there really a panacea that can cure myopia? The answer is no. To date, no drug or device has been proven to cure myopia. The reporter’s own son is 4 years old this year, and his eye axis development is close to that of a 7-year-old child. Watch screens (including TV, computers, mobile phones, etc.) for no more than 30 minutes a day, and exercise outdoors for 2 hours a day. Nowadays, there is a common situation in China: people only think of prevention after discovering that their children are myopic. Myopia does not happen "suddenly" overnight. The main reason why parents are "belatedly aware" of their children's myopia is because most parents do not have the awareness to regularly take their children to the hospital or professional optometry centers for vision examinations, so that they cannot detect their children's vision problems early. Parents should establish a refractive development file for their children. The specific method is to go to a professional optometry center for holographic examination every 6 months starting from the age of 3 years. Record the refraction, axial length, corneal radius of curvature, intraocular pressure, height, weight and other values. Establishing a refractive development file has three major benefits: first, it can detect refractive abnormalities early, such as high farsightedness, myopia, astigmatism and amblyopia; second, it can detect early whether infants and young children have eye diseases; third, it can screen out children with normal vision. Myopia is "blank". For example, an 8-year-old child should have 125 to 150 degrees of hyperopia and a visual acuity of 1.0. If the examination finds that the refractive status of an 8-year-old child is emmetropia (i.e., no hyperopia, no myopia), it means that the child has a higher probability of becoming myopic in the future, and timely intervention measures must be taken to prevent the occurrence of myopia. For example, don't let babies use their eyes too early or too close, because babies' eyes are still farsighted and they are more "tired" than normal adults when looking at near distances. Using their eyes too early or too much will cause excessive eyeball dilation and premature axial growth. Elongated, laying hidden dangers for myopia. Unfortunately, many young parents find their children too noisy and turn their tablets into nannies. Children who go to school should have correct reading and writing postures, with their heads upright, eyes 30 centimeters away from the book, and fingertips 2 centimeters away from the pen tip. Do not lie on the bed or on the table while reading. Avoid long-term eye fatigue. If you continue to work or use the computer for half an hour, you should take a 10-minute break. Two hours of outdoor exercise every day is the best and free panacea for preventing and controlling myopia, but Chinese children often cannot do it. “I have observed that 10-year-old is a high-risk age group for myopia, but at this time, the child is in the third grade of elementary school, and parents have begun to enroll their children in various training classes and cram schools. They also have two hours of outdoor exercise every day, which has become a luxury. "Myopia prevention and control is not only a medical issue, but also a social issue.