Why are Chinese people called Han people? Chinese characters are called Hanzi? Chinese clothing is called Hanfu

Why are Chinese characters called Hanzi? There are also Han nationality, Hanfu, and Han people, all related to him

If Cangjie created characters, Chinese characters have a history of five thousand years. So why are they called Chinese characters? The origins of the names Han nationality, Hanfu, and Han people are all related to a dynasty founded by one person. This man was Liu Bang, and the dynasty he founded was the Han Dynasty. Therefore, the emergence, development and promotion of Han culture began from that era.

Liu Bang, courtesy name Ji, male, Han nationality, born in 256 BC, zodiac sign is Snake, zodiac sign is Pisces, native of Peixian County, Jiangsu Province. During the Qin Dynasty, he served as the village chief of Sishui County, Shandong Province, and rebelled against the Qin Dynasty in Peixian County, Jiangsu Province. , was named King of Hanzhong by Xiang Yu, and became the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty in 202 BC. Since Sima Qian, he has been called Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty.

Liu Bang was the first emperor in Chinese history to be ascended to the throne by a commoner. He founded the Han Dynasty, the longest unified dynasty in Chinese history, and ruled for more than 400 years. Liu Bang was the founder of the Han nationality name. From his beginning, Han became the synonym for the Chinese people, Chinese became the synonym for the Chinese language, and Chinese characters became the synonym for the Chinese characters. Liu Bang made great and foundational contributions to the unification of the Chinese nation, the unification and strength of China, and the protection and promotion of Han culture.

Appearance

Liu Bang was 1.64 meters tall. His father-in-law, Lu Taigong, was very good at face-saving. When he first met Liu Bang, he said that he had the appearance of an emperor and would be noble in the future. Unspeakable." So he married his daughter, who was 15 years younger than Liu Bang. History books record that Liu Bang had a high nose bridge, round eyebrows, and a beautiful beard. The most unusual thing is that there are 72 black moles on the left thigh.

Liu Bang has a bold and open-minded personality and likes to make friends with heroes from all over the world. But he doesn't like reading, he likes drinking, and he prefers young and beautiful women. He never worked in the fields or accumulated family property, and often gave away his property to his friends. From a modern perspective, he is a standard gangster.

But Liu Bang had great ambitions. Once, Liu Bang happened to run into Qin Shihuang's motorcade on the street. Facing the guards and the magnificent ceremonial guards, Liu Bang said ambitiously: "This is what a real man should be like!"

Society Relationship

Liu Bang's father was Liu Taigong, who was revered as the Supreme Emperor after Liu Bang ascended the throne. Liu Bang's mother, Liu Yu, gave birth to four sons, and Liu Bang ranked third. Regarding Liu Bang's birth, there are records full of superstition in history books. It is said that Liu Bang's mother was resting on the shore of a large lake and dreamed that she met an immortal. Suddenly the sky became dark and there was lightning and thunder. Liu Bang's father took a closer look and saw that a dragon was coming. On the wife's body. Shortly thereafter, his wife became pregnant and gave birth to Liu Bang.

Liu Bang’s first wife, Lu Pheasant, was the first person in Chinese history to listen to politics behind the curtain—Queen Lu. She is a politician with strong character and great achievements. The most famous incident is that the mastermind killed three famous generals in history, Han Xin, Peng Yue, and Yingbu, the founding heroes of Liu Bang.

Liu Bang's five wives and concubines gave birth to eight sons for him, including Liu Ying, Emperor Xiaohui of Han Dynasty, and Liu Heng, Emperor Xiaowen of Han Dynasty. There was also a daughter, Princess Liu Le of Lu Yuan. When Liu Bang was defeated and fled in the Chu-Han War, he kicked her out of the car and abandoned her several times. Fortunately, she was saved by the ministers.

Liu Bang's life trajectory is just like the famous poem "Song of the Gale" written by him: "The strong wind is blowing and the clouds are flying, and I am returning to my hometown from across the sea. The warriors are here to guard the four directions!" ”

1. Pei Gong raised his troops: strong winds rose and clouds flew.

Liu Bang was a late bloomer. He had no knowledge or skills when he was young. He only held the position of village chief and stayed there for more than ten years. It was not until October 209 BC, when Liu Bang was 48 years old, that the opportunity of history finally fell on him.

At that time, the peasant uprising broke out in the late Qin Dynasty, and Chen Sheng established the "Zhang Chu" regime and openly opposed the Qin Dynasty. At this time, the county magistrate of Peixian County also took advantage of the situation and started to stir up independence. Xiao He and Cao Shen were both the main officials under the county magistrate at that time. They suggested that the county magistrate recruit talents and expand his strength.

Especially the talented people living abroad in this county. The county magistrate then asked Liu Bang's close friend Fan Kuai to invite Liu Bang to return to his hometown to pursue great career.

But when Liu Bang led his people back, the county magistrate regretted it again. He was afraid that Liu Bang would not listen to him when he came back and would take his position, which was tantamount to luring the wolf into the house. Therefore, he ordered the city gate to be closed and prepared to arrest Xiao He and Cao Shen.

After hearing the news, Xiao and Cao hurriedly fled outside the city and met Liu Bang. Liu Bang, who was outside the city, wrote an impassioned letter and shot arrows into the city, inciting the people in the city to rise up and kill the renegade county magistrate, so that everyone could defend their hometown together. The people were already dissatisfied with the county magistrate, who was usually not very considerate of them. They took advantage of the situation to kill him, then opened the city gate to welcome Liu Bang, and elected him as Pei Gong to lead everyone in the uprising. Liu Bang obeyed public opinion, set up an altar, claimed to be the son of the Red Emperor, and led the people to raise the banner of anti-Qin.

In December 207 BC, Liu Bang led his army to Bashang, east of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Seeing that the situation was over, Prince Ying of Qin had no choice but to surrender the city and hand over the jade seal to Liu Bang. The State of Qin was here Destroyed, 15 years after the founding of the country.

2. The Chu-Han War: Wei Jia returned to his hometown from within the sea.

Hearing that Liu Bang had secured Guanzhong, Xiang Yu was furious and stationed at Hongmen in Lintong, Shaanxi Province, intending to attack Liu Bang. Because Liu Bang was outnumbered, he followed Zhang Liang's advice and went to Hongmen in person, making humble remarks. In order to show his sincerity, Liu Bang only brought Fan Kuai, Zhang Liang and a hundred elite soldiers to Hongmen, Xiang Yu's military camp, for a banquet. Fan Zeng, Xiang Yu's counselor, ordered Xiang Zhuang to dance with his sword to entertain the banquet, and took the opportunity to kill Liu Bang. This is the origin of the idiom "Xiangzhuang dances with sword, aiming at Peigong". But Liu Bang successfully escaped with the help of Xiang Bo. After the Hongmen Banquet, Xiang Yu led his troops into Xianyang, the capital of the Qin Dynasty. He went on a killing spree, beheading all the people who had surrendered, including Prince Qin Ying, and set fire to the magnificent Epang Palace. The fire lasted for three full months before it was extinguished. Xiang Yu enfeoffed Liu Bang as the King of Han, and his territory was desolate and backward Sichuan, Shaanxi and other places.

Liu Bang was unwilling to overthrow Qin and the fruits of victory were monopolized by Xiang Yu. In November 206 BC, Liu Bang sent his army eastward and worshiped Han Xin as his general. He built a plank road openly and secretly crossed to Chencang, passing by Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. He denounced Xiang Yu and launched the four-year Chu-Han War.

In the early days of the war, Liu Bang was at a disadvantage and suffered repeated defeats. But he knows people well and pays attention to receiving advice, and finally turns defeat into victory. In January 202 BC, Liu Bang invited Han Xin, Peng Yue and others to lead an army to encircle the Chu army at Gaixia in Lingbi, Anhui. Xiang Yu led his troops to break through, was defeated at Wujiang, and committed suicide. Liu Bang won an overall victory in the Chu-Han War. In February, Liu Bang officially proclaimed himself emperor and established the Han Dynasty.

When Liu Bang summed up the victory of the war at the celebration party in Luoyang, he said: "In terms of strategizing and winning a victory thousands of miles away, I am not as good as Zhang Liang; in terms of comforting the people and supplying food and grass, I am not as good as Xiao He; in terms of pacifying the people and supplying food and grass, I am not as good as Xiao He; Leading millions of troops, fighting decisively on the battlefield, and winning every battle, I am not as good as Han Xin. However, I can know people well and use their talents. This is the real reason for our victory. As for Xiang Yu, he only has Fan Zeng. But he was suspicious of him, which was the reason for his final failure."

3. Consolidate the imperial power: Have strong men guard all sides!

Although Liu Bang became emperor, he never took his throne lightly. The first thing that made him worried was the kings with different surnames in various places. They all have soldiers and generals, and some of them are half-hearted about him. The second problem is that other generals are constantly fighting over their merits and rewards. If they are not appeased properly, they will defect to those kings with different surnames to cause rebellion. The descendants of the original Six Nations cannot be ignored either. At the center, the power of the prime minister also posed a threat to him as the emperor. In Outer Mongolia, the Xiongnu were eyeing the enemy and attacking from time to time. From the time Liu Bang became emperor to the time he finally died of illness, the eight years in between were basically spent solving these problems that made him worried.

The first person he dealt with was Han Xin, leaving behind the idiom "Success is Xiao He, failure is Xiao He". Other princes and kings such as Peng Yue and others were also eliminated one after another. At the same time, he tried his best to adopt Zhang Liang's strategy and stabilize the generals. Regarding the excessive power of the prime minister, Liu Bang tried to weaken the prime minister's power by imprisoning Xiao He.

He also accepted Lou Jing's suggestion to strengthen the weak branches and move more than 100,000 powerful families and heroes from the six kingdoms of Guandong to settle in Guanzhong. Liu Bang also took many important measures to consolidate imperial power. For example, land rents were reduced, tithes were taxed to one, "rest with the people", and all common people who sold themselves into slavery due to hunger were converted into civilians, soldiers were demobilized and returned home, exempted from corvee service, etc., and continued to implement the Qin Dynasty's practice of awarding land and houses based on military merit. The system stipulated that merchants were not allowed to wear clothes or ride in cars, and increased taxes and duties to restore the dilapidated social economy and stabilize the feudal ruling order.

After the fall of Qin, the Mongolian Xiongnu took the opportunity to go south and reoccupied the Hetao area of ??Inner Mongolia. In the early Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu continued to invade Han border counties. In 202 BC, Liu Bang personally led his troops to conquer the area. In the northeast of Datong, Shanxi, he was besieged for seven days and nights by more than 300,000 Xiongnu cavalry. Later, Chen Ping used Chen Ping's plan to bribe Maodun Shanyu's wife, Yan, heavily, and he was able to escape from danger. After that, Liu Bang had to adopt a peace policy towards the Xiongnu and open the foreign trade market between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu to ease the relationship between the two parties.

Ending

In order to consolidate the imperial power, Liu Bang tried his best. In 195 BC, Liu Bang was unfortunately wounded by an arrow when he personally fought against the Yingbo rebellion. He was already old, and his condition worsened when he returned to the capital Xi'an. Empress Lu called for a famous doctor, and Liu Bang asked him about his condition. The doctor said it could be cured, but Liu Bang knew he couldn't be cured. He was so angry that he cursed the doctor: "I use a commoner to carry a three-foot sword to conquer the world. Isn't this destiny?" Life is in heaven, so what's the use of being a magpie?" After saying this, he rewarded the doctor with fifty taels of gold and sent him away.

Queen Lu looked at the dying Liu Bang and asked him about his personnel arrangements after his death, and Liu Bang made arrangements one by one. On June 1, Liu Bang passed away at the age of sixty-two. He was buried in the Changling Mausoleum in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province. His posthumous title was Emperor Gao, and his temple name was Taizu. Liu Bang was a heroic figure who was described by historians as "open-minded and magnanimous, and easy to follow advice" during the feudal era. He eliminated the state of division and strife at the end of the Qin Dynasty, ended the Qin Dynasty's history of excessive conquests, and moved from conquering the world with military force to ruling the world with Confucian culture. He created a prosperous political situation and allowed the inheritance and development of Chinese civilization.