Joke Collection Website - Mood Talk - Natural characteristics of seven continents (geographical location, zoning, topography, lakes, climate, natural zones)
Natural characteristics of seven continents (geographical location, zoning, topography, lakes, climate, natural zones)
The full name of Asia is Asia Asia, accounting for one third of the world's land area.
Geographical Division (West Asia Division was created by this website)
East Asia: China, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea and Japan.
Southeast Asia: Brunei, Cambodia, Democratic Republic of East Timor, India and Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
South Asia: People's Republic of Bangladesh, Kingdom of Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Islamic Republic of Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Central Asia Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen in West Asia, Arabian Peninsula.
Low-lying countries in West Asia such as Plus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria.
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Turkey
North Asia and Siberia (that is, eastern Russia)
Europe and the United States call Asia Minor, the eastern Mediterranean and the Caucasus the Near East; ; The Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf coast are called the Middle East; . East Asia, Southeast Asia and Siberia are called the Far East.
Oceania, more than 20 thousand islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Three island groups: Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia.
The full name of Africa is Africa in Africa, and the equator crosses the continent. It covers an area of about 30.2 million square kilometers, accounting for about 20% of the world's total land area, making it the second largest continent in the world. The total population is about 800 million.
There are 53 independent countries in Africa. The status of Western Sahara is uncertain. Reunion island is a French overseas province. St Helena is a "direct colony" of Britain.
Africa is a tropical continent with high temperature, little rain and dryness. However, in a few areas, such as the Mediterranean coast and plateau areas, the climate is cool, and even the seasons are like spring.
/~ hm 1203/links/Africa 4 . gif
Africa has a straight coastline (not as long as Europe) and few peninsulas and bays.
The terrain is relatively flat, and it is a plateau continent. The Ethiopian plateau is called the "roof of Africa", with an altitude of over 65,438+0,000m. Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa, and the sea cucumber is 5895 meters high.
Africa has the largest desert in the world: the Sahara Desert, which spans the northern part of the whole African continent and covers an area of 9.2 million square kilometers, accounting for one third of the total area of Africa. There are Namibian desert and kalahari desert in the southwest.
The Great Rift Valley in East Africa is the longest rift valley in the world, with a total length of about 6,400 kilometers, starting from the Schiller Estuary in the east and crossing the Red Sea to the north of the Dead Sea. There are many canyons, rapids and waterfalls in rivers, which are rich in hydraulic resources, but they are not conducive to navigation. Major rivers: Nile, Congo, Niger, senegal river, volta river, etc. Flowing into the Atlantic Ocean; Zambezi River, limpopo river, Juba River, etc. Flowing into India and abroad. Most lakes in Africa are concentrated in the East African Plateau, and the Great Lakes are part of the Great Rift Valley in East Africa: Lake Malawi, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Kivu, Lake Edward, Lake Zobert, Lake Victoria and Lake Turkana. Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the second largest freshwater lake in the world. Lake Tanganyika is the second deepest lake in the world. In addition, Lake Tana, located on the Ethiopian Plateau, is the highest lake in Africa, with an altitude of 1, 830 meters. Lake Chad is the largest lake in the inland basin.
Africa is rich in natural resources. Oil, natural gas, iron, manganese, chromium, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, copper, aluminum, zinc, tin, uranium, phosphate, gold and diamonds have long enjoyed a good reputation.
There are more than 40,000 species of plants in Africa, many of which are rare or endemic. Africa's forest area accounts for 265,438+0% of the total area, and there are various precious woods such as redwood, ebony, rosewood, koba, ebony, camphor, alder, walnut, lacquer, cork oak and so on, which are rich in reserves. Africa has vast grasslands, accounting for 27% of the total area, and has great potential for animal husbandry. Africa is also rich in fishery resources. Many areas have been opened as animal reserves.
Africa is economically backward, which is the continent with the lowest level of economic development in the world. Agriculture is the pillar of African economy, with weak industrial base and backward management and technology. Transportation is also in a backward state.
Africa is one of the cradles of mankind, with many splendid ancient civilizations. Since modern times, African countries have been conquered by European colonists one by one; Most countries became independent after 1960.
Most ethnic groups in Africa are in a tribal state, with a large number of tribes and some deep-rooted contradictions, which often lead to wars.
South America/North America
America was named in memory of an Italian navigator named Amerigo Weiss Pucci. 1499. Amerigo sailed from the sea to India with a fleet led by Portuguese ojeda. They sailed along the route taken by Columbus, overcame many difficulties and finally reached the American continent. Amerigo made a detailed investigation on the northeast coast of South America and compiled the latest map. 1507, his book Sea Travel Tales came out, which caused a sensation all over the world. In this book, the process of "discovering" the new continent is described in a fascinating way, and the mainland is described and rendered vividly. Amerigo announced the concept of the new continent to the world, and suddenly crossed the earth structure system formulated by the absolute authority of western geography in the Middle Ages. Therefore, several French scholars revised and supplemented Doremus's masterpiece Cosmology, and named the New World after Amerigo in recognition of his outstanding contribution to human understanding of the world. After the publication of the new book Cosmology, according to the materials in the book, a new continent, Amerigo, was added to the map. Later, according to the word formation form of other continents, "Amerigo" was changed to "Americana". At first, the name was just a guide to America, and through the Mercator map of 154 1, North America was also a part of America.
North America can be subdivided into Central America and the Caribbean.
Due to language reasons, the southern part of the United States is often called Latin America.
/~ hm 1203/links/Americas _ map . gif
Europe
Europe is the abbreviation of Europe, located in the Eastern Hemisphere, west of Asia. With an area of 1.0 1.6 million square kilometers, it is the sixth largest continent in the world. With a population of over 700 million, it is the most densely populated continent.
Europe has 46 independent countries and many dependent countries.
Europe has many peninsulas, islands and bays with a coastline of 38,000 square kilometers, making it the most tortuous continent in the world.
Europe is dominated by plains, followed by plateaus, hills and mountains over 200 meters above sea level. The European plain stretches for thousands of miles from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Urals (the dividing line between Europe and Asia) in the east.
The Alps are the largest mountain range in Europe, spanning the south. There is Caucasus Mountain in the southeast, and its main peak, Elbrus, is 5642 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Europe.
Europe has a dense river network. The main rivers are Volga, Danube, ural river, Dnieper, Don, Rhine, Rhone and Thames. There are many lakes and many small lakes.
Most parts of Europe have a humid and warm climate and are rich in natural resources.
Antarctica
* * * With the protection of land. Geographical coordinates: 90 00 s000e
The area is about 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers. There is basically no permanent population.
Topographic characteristics of seven continents
Basic characteristics of Asian topography
First, the plateau and mountainous areas are vast, accounting for about 3/4 of the whole continent; Second, the terrain is high in the middle and low around. The central part is concentrated in plateaus and mountains, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters, and most of the marginal areas are below 200 meters. Third, the terrain is complex and changeable, with great ups and downs, from the highest Himalayas (the highest peak of Mount Everest is 8848 meters above sea level) to the lowest depression, the Dead Sea (400 meters above sea level) and vast plains.
Basic characteristics of African topography
The topography of Africa is dominated by plateaus, and the ground is not undulating, so it is called "plateau continent". The average altitude is more than 600 meters, and the terrain inclines from southeast to northwest. There are Atlas Mountain in the northwest and Drakens Mountain in the southeast.
The topography of Africa can be divided into three parts: first, the plateau. From north to south, there are Ethiopian Plateau, East African Plateau and South African Plateau in turn. Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 meters above sea level) is located in the East African Plateau and is the highest peak in Africa. In eastern Africa, there is a fault-depression belt that runs through the north and south-the Great Rift Valley, which is more than 6,000 kilometers long and has a series of long and narrow lakes at the bottom. Second, the basin. The central part is the vast Congo basin, which used to be a vast inland lake, but it was formed by the rising of the earth's crust, the downward cutting of rivers and the leakage of lake water. Third, the desert. In the north is the Sahara Desert, which covers an area of more than 7.7 million square kilometers and is the largest desert in the world.
Basic characteristics of European topography
First, the terrain in Europe is dominated by plains, which account for about two-thirds of the total area of the whole continent. The main plains are Eastern Europe Plain, Central Europe Plain (Bode Plain) and Western Europe Plain; Second, the terrain is not undulating, with an average elevation of about 300 meters, which is the lowest continent in the world; Third, glaciers are widely distributed, and the Quaternary glaciers have a significant impact on vast areas of Europe, and the terrain in parts of the Eastern European Plain and the Central European Plain fluctuates greatly; Nordic fjords and numerous lakes; The wide valleys and peaks in southern alps are the result of glaciation. 4. Mountains are mainly distributed in the north and south: Scandinavian mountains in the north and Alps in the south.
Basic characteristics of North American topography
The topography of North America is obviously divided into three north-south longitudinal zones, that is, the west is a tall mountain system, the middle is a vast plain, and the east is a low highland.
The tall mountain system in the west belongs to the Cordillera mountain system, which consists of several parallel mountains, such as coastal mountains, Sierra Nevada mountains and Rocky Mountains, with plateaus and basins distributed between them.
The vast plains in the central part are distributed between the western mountains and the eastern highlands, starting from the Arctic Ocean in the north and reaching the Gulf of Mexico in the south. It runs through the central part of the North American continent and has the largest freshwater lakes in the world-the Great Lakes (Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario).
The low highlands in the east are composed of Appalachian Mountains and Labrador Plateau, which have become low mountains and highlands due to long-term erosion.
Basic characteristics of South American topography
South America is high in the west and low in the east, and can also be divided into three terrain areas: the west is a tall mountain system, and the east is a vast alluvial plain and undulating plateau (alternately distributed).
The alpine system in the west is an extension of the Cordillera mountain system in South America, which is called the Andes. It is the longest mountain range in the world, with a total length of more than 9000 kilometers, and it is a part of the volcanic seismic belt around the Pacific Ocean.
There are three plateaus in the east: Guyana, Brazil and Patagonia. Brazil Plateau is the largest plateau in the world (about 5 million square kilometers). These high causes have been eroded for a long time and fluctuated gently.
There are three plains in the east, namely Orinoco River Plain, Amazon Plain and La Plata Plain from north to south. Amazon Plain is the largest alluvial plain in the world, covering an area of about 5.6 million square kilometers, with low terrain and the largest tropical rain forest area in the world.
Basic characteristics of Oceania topography
The Australian mainland can also be divided into three terrain areas: one is the eastern mountainous area. The great watershed runs through the north and south, with an altitude of about 800 ~ 1000m, with steep eastern slope and gentle western slope. Second, the western plateau. This is a low and wide plateau. The area accounts for more than 1/2 of the national area, and the desert and semi-desert areas are very large; Third, the Central Plains. The altitude is below 200m, and the lowest point is El Lake (-12m). There are few surface rivers, but the groundwater is rich, forming a world-famous artesian well basin.
Basic characteristics of Antarctic topography
First, Antarctica is the highest continent in the world, with an average elevation of 2,350 meters; Second, most of the earth's surface is covered with thick ice, with an average thickness of more than 2000 meters; Third, there are various landforms under the ice. There is a lowland between the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea, which divides the mainland into two parts: the plateau in the east and a series of folded mountains in the west.
In general,
1. Topography and topographic features
Topography: the general trend of ground fluctuation. For example, the terrain of China is high in the west and low in the east.
Topographic features: Topographic features refer to the topographic features of a place, generally from altitude,
The ups and downs of the ground, the type and distribution of the terrain, etc.
2. Topographic features of seven continents
Europe: The terrain is low and flat, and the terrain is mainly plain, making it the lowest continent in the world.
Africa: The terrain is mainly plateau with little fluctuation. It is called "Plateau Continent".
Antarctica: Covered with thick ice and snow, with an average elevation of over 2000 meters, it is the highest continent in the world.
North and South America: The terrain consists of three major terrain areas: mountains, plateaus and plains. There are mountains in the west, vast plains in the middle and plateaus in the east.
Oceania: The topography of Oceania is also composed of three major topographic regions, with a vast plateau in the west, a plain in the middle and mountains in the east.
Asia: The terrain in Asia is relatively complex, and its main features are high in the middle and low around. The central plateau and mountainous areas are vast, accounting for about three quarters of the whole continent. The plains are distributed around the mainland.
submarine topography
1. Continental Shelf: The continental shelf is the part where the mainland extends to the ocean. The sea area on the continental shelf is close to the mainland, and the depth is generally within 200 meters.
Continental slope: There is a huge steep slope on the outer edge of the continental shelf, which is called continental slope. The water depth has increased sharply from several hundred meters to several thousand meters.
2. Outside the continental slope is the bottom of the ocean, and deep trenches are often distributed on the seabed near the continental slope. Most of the seabed is a vast ocean basin, and ocean centre has a long ridge.
Comparison of the areas of seven continents
Asia: With an area of 44 million square kilometers, accounting for 29.4% of the world's total land area, it is the largest continent in the world. * * * There are 40 countries and regions. The population is 3.229 billion, accounting for about 60% of the world's total population, ranking first in the world.
Africa: With an area of about 30 million square kilometers, accounting for 20.2% of the world's total land area, it is the second largest continent in the world. * * * There are 56 countries and regions. The population is 662 million, accounting for 12.3% of the world's total population, ranking third in the world.
North America: covering an area of about 24 million square kilometers, accounting for 16.2% of the world's total land area, it is the third continent in the world. * * * There are 37 countries and regions. The population is 432 million, accounting for 8. 1% of the world's total population, ranking fourth in the world.
South America: It covers an area of about 6,543,800 square kilometers, accounting for 654.38+02% of the world's total land area, making it the fourth continent in the world. * * * There are 13 countries and regions. The population is 302 million, accounting for 5.6% of the total population in the world, ranking fifth in the world.
Antarctica: With an area of 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers, accounting for 9.4% of the total land area of the world, it is the fifth continent in the world. There are only some researchers and whaling teams from other continents in Antarctica, and there are no settled residents.
Europe: The area is about 6.5438+million square kilometers, accounting for 6.8% of the total land area of the world, only bigger than Oceania, and it is the sixth continent in the world. * * * There are 37 countries and regions. With a population of 723 million, accounting for 13.4% of the world's total population, it ranks second in the world and is the continent with the highest population density.
Oceania: With an area of about 9 million square kilometers, accounting for about 6% of the total land area of the world, it is the smallest continent in the world. * * * There are 24 countries and regions. With a population of 27 million, accounting for about 0.5% of the world's total population, it is the least populated continent in the world except Antarctica.
The origin of the names of the seven continents
Long ago, the ancients gave the seven continents their present names. However, any one of these continents depends on its location.
Asia: In ancient times, the place east of the Mediterranean Sea was called Asia (meaning "the land of sunrise"). This is located in the east of the earth. Asia is the abbreviation of Asia Asia.
Europe: Ancient people called the place west of the Mediterranean Sea Europa (meaning "the place where the sun sets"). It is located in the west of the earth, and Europe is the abbreviation of Europe.
Africa: The full name is Africa, which means "scorching sun" in Latin. Because Africa is crossed by the equator, many parts of Africa are located in tropical and subtropical regions.
America: North America and South America. America is the so-called "new continent" discovered by the Italian Amerigo when he sailed. In order to commemorate the discoverer of this "new continent", Europeans named Americana after Amerigo, or America for short.
Latin America: refers to the area south of North America. It was once a colony of Latin-speaking Spain, Portugal and other countries, so it was called Latin America.
Oceania: Europeans discovered it in the17th century, and got its name because it was surrounded by the world's oceans and drifted from other continents. When17th century was discovered, people mistakenly thought it was the southernmost continent of the earth, so it was called Australia for a long time.
Antarctica: The continent where the South Pole is located. This is the real southern continent on earth.
Division of seven continents
1. Eurasian borders: Urals, ural river, Caspian Sea, Caucasus, Black Sea, Turkish Strait and Africa: Suez Canal, Red Sea, Mande Strait and North America: Bering Strait and Oceania: Timor Sea and Arafura Sea 2. Eurasian boundary: Urals, ural river, Caspian Sea, Caucasus, Black Sea, Turkish Strait and Africa boundary: Gibraltar Strait and North America boundary: Danish Strait 3. The border between Africa and Asia: Suez Canal, Red Sea, Mande Strait and Europe: Gibraltar Strait 4. The border between North America and Asia: Bering Strait and South America: Panama Canal. The border between South America and North America: Panama Canal and Antarctica: Drake Strait 6. The border between Oceania and Asia: Timor Sea and Arafura Sea.
The origin of the names of the seven continents
The full name of Europe is Europa, which literally translates as "the western sunset continent". There are some legends about the origin of its name. In Greek mythology, Demeter was a goddess who specialized in farming activities. She endowed the world with abundant grains and prosperous people and animals. In the portrait of this goddess, people always draw her sitting on the back of a bull. Another name of this goddess is Europa. People regard Europa as the name of the mainland out of respect for the goddess. In addition, there is a widely circulated legend that Zeus, the "king of gods", took a fancy to Europa, the beautiful daughter of the Phoenician king, and wanted to marry her, but he was afraid that she would not agree. One day, Europa was playing with a group of girls at the seaside. Zeus felt that the opportunity was rare, and soon became a strong and docile bull, mixing with the cattle of the Phoenician king. Zeus, who became a bull, squatted beside Europa and looked at her affectionately. When Europa saw this lovely bull squatting beside him, she couldn't help walking on the bull's back. At the sight of Europa's move, Jose immediately stood up and walked away from the crowd, then jumped into the sea, broke the waves and took Europa to live on a distant land. This land will be named after this beautiful princess, called Europa.
Of the seven continents in the world, Asia has the largest area, the largest population and the oldest name. Asia is the abbreviation of Asia-Asia, which means "the origin of Oriental Day". According to legend, the name Asia was given by the ancient Phoenicians. In the middle of 2000 BC, Phoenicians rose on the east coast of the Mediterranean (now Syria) and established a powerful Phoenician kingdom. They have superb navigation skills, active in the whole Mediterranean, and can even cross the Strait of Gibraltar and sail into the vast ocean. They developed their own culture, created the Phoenician alphabet, and made contributions to the writing development of many nationalities in the world. Frequent sea activities required the Phoenicians to determine their position. Therefore, they all call the land east of the Mediterranean "Asu", which means "the source of the eastern sun". "Ya" evolved from Phoenician "Asu" and transliterated as "Asia Asia". At the beginning of the 4th century, people regarded the Ural Mountains as the dividing line between the two continents, and the area east of the Ural Mountains was called Asia of Asia. The western region is called Europa, or Europe for short.
North America and South America are collectively called America, and America is the abbreviation of America. The name America is said to commemorate a famous navigator named Amerigo Weiss Pucci in Florence. Although Columbus "discovered" America as early as 1492, he mistakenly believed that this continent was a part of Asia. Seven years later, 1499, Amerigo sailed from the sea to India with a ship led by Portuguese Ohda. They sailed along the route taken by Columbus, overcame many difficulties and finally reached the American continent. After a detailed investigation of the northeast coast of South America, Amerigo was convinced that this continent was another continent in the world and compiled the latest map. 1507, his book Sea Travel Tales came out, which caused a sensation all over the world. In this book, the discovery of the new continent is described fascinating, and the mainland is described and rendered vividly. Amerigo announced the concept of the new continent to the world, and washed away the earth structure system formulated by the absolute authority of western geography in the Middle Ages. Therefore, several French scholars revised and supplemented Pollys' masterpiece Cosmology, and named the New World after Amerigo in recognition of his outstanding contribution to human understanding of the world. After the publication of the new book Cosmology, according to the materials in the book, the new world Amerigo was added to the map. Later, imitating the suffix form of other continents, "Amerigo" was changed to "Americana". At first, this name only refers to
South America, on the Mercator map of 154 1, North America is also a part of America.
The origin of Latin American names Latin America is the general name of the southern United States, including Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Why do you associate this large area of the United States with the word Latin? It turns out that since the end of 15, most countries in this region have successively become colonies of Spain and Portugal, and a large number of immigrants have poured in. /kloc-After the 0/9th century, these countries gradually gained independence. Due to 300 years of colonial rule, they were deeply influenced by the social system, customs, religious beliefs and cultural traditions of Spain and Portugal, and the local Indian language was gradually replaced by Spanish and Portuguese, which belong to the Latin family. These two languages have become the national languages of many countries, so people call this region "Latin America".
Africa is short for Africa. The origin of the word Africa. There are many interesting legends. According to one legend, in ancient times, a Yemeni chief named Avril Ku invaded North Africa in 2000 BC and established a city named Afriyie there. Later, people called this large area Africa. Another legend is that "Africa" is the name of a goddess worshipped by Berbers living in North Africa. This goddess is a patron saint. It is said that as early as BC 1 century, Berbers found the statue of this goddess in a temple. She is a young woman in an elephant skin. Since then, people have taken the name of the goddess "Africa" as the name of the African continent. There is also a legend that Scipio, the Roman conqueror who invaded Catalonia (present-day Tunisia), was nicknamed "Scipio Philigen". In memory of the conqueror, the Roman rulers called this area "Afrikan". Later, the Romans continued to expand and established a new African province. At that time, the name was limited to the northern part of the African continent. By the 2nd century AD, the territory of the Roman Empire had expanded from the Strait of Gibraltar to the whole northeast of Egypt. People call all the Romans or aborigines who live here Africa, which means Africa, and this place is also called Africa. Later, it generally refers to the African continent.
Oceania means land in the ocean. Generally speaking, it refers to most islands in the Pacific Ocean, but in a narrow sense, it also refers to Australia and New Zealand, Polynesia in the eastern Pacific Ocean, Micronesia in the middle and Melanesia in the west. In the past, Oceania was also called Australia for short, because Australia accounted for 85% of the area of Oceania. The name of Oceania first appeared around 18 12 and was named by Danish geographer Marte Braun.
Antarctica, known as "the seventh continent in the world", is called Antartica in English, which comes from the Greek anti (in turn) plus Arctic, which means the opposite of the North Pole, that is, the South Pole. Antarctica was discovered by French Bouvier in 1738- 1739. When he was sailing, he found an island (now Bouvier Island) near the Antarctic continent. Cook, an Englishman, visited many islands around the Antarctic continent in 1772- 1775. But it is generally believed that the Antarctic continent was discovered in the19th century. It is said that Americans first saw the Antarctic continent in 1820, because this continent is around the southernmost Antarctic of the earth, so it is called "Antarctic".
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