Talking about finance and taxation

Yesterday, when I was looking for a book on financial management of industrial and commercial registration, I came across a book on tax planning-tax avoidance, which introduced hundreds of cases of tax saving and fee reduction, all of which were typical. So through this article, I will share with you how small and medium-sized enterprises can save taxes and fees and maximize profits.

Let's share an easy-to-understand tax avoidance case first.

In order to prevent duplication, I reduced and adapted the original case. ) Mr. Li took a fancy to a villa worth 1 100 million yuan, so he asked the financial accountant Li to transfer the company's 1 100 million yuan to his account. Li Accountant, who is familiar with fiscal and taxation policies, immediately put forward two schemes: First, to transfer money from the company account to Mr. Li's account, 40% tax should be paid, and the amount received is 60 million; The second option: buy the villa through equity transfer. Buy the villa in the name of the company and then sell the original price of the property to Mr. Li. Mr. Li rented it back to the company with an annual rent of 654.38 million yuan and signed a lease contract. The lease contract states that all expenses arising from the property shall be borne by the company. Through this way of equity transfer, the purpose of tax saving can be achieved, and 40 million yuan can be put into production again or invested in other projects or public welfare projects.

So the boss should not only know how to make money, but also know how to avoid taxes. If the boss has no energy or is not good at studying fiscal and taxation policies, then he must have an accountant who knows fiscal and taxation policies and tax planning. Some small and medium-sized enterprises may not have enough capital to support the salary of a senior accountant, so they can also cooperate with industrial and commercial finance and taxation companies.

Next, let's talk about what is tax planning?

The epidemic situation, the downward pressure on the economy and the intensified competition among enterprises have increased the financial pressure on some small and medium-sized enterprises. The state has introduced a series of support policies, such as tax reduction and burden reduction, to help small and medium-sized enterprises reduce their financial burden, which also brings new opportunities. Pressure and opportunity coexist, and how to use funds is related to the development of enterprises. Enterprises can ease the financial pressure through tax planning and provide guarantee for expanding reproduction.

So, what is tax planning? Tax planning refers to obtaining tax-saving benefits by planning and arranging various activities in advance within the scope permitted by laws and regulations. Tax planning pursues the overall interests of enterprises, not only considering the reduction of tax costs, but also considering various tax-related risks to avoid the risk of enterprises paying fines due to tax-related risks.

Finally, let's talk about the methods of tax planning.

Method 1: Registered companies should consider tax planning.

To register a company, we should consider the issue of tax planning. Business owners all know that there are several types of companies: corporate system, partnership system and sole proprietorship system.

The company system includes limited liability company, joint stock company and one-person limited liability company. Enterprises need to pay enterprise income tax and stamp duty at five ten thousandths of the registered capital when choosing the company system. When choosing a company system, if branches and subsidiaries are involved, the subsidiaries have independent legal personality and bear the tax burden alone. Branches do not need to calculate enterprise income tax separately, and the head office collects and pays it. Therefore, enterprises can choose the amount of registered capital through tax planning to avoid high stamp duty.

If a partnership or sole proprietorship enterprise is adopted, individual income tax shall be levied according to the production and operation income of individual industrial and commercial households, and stamp duty or enterprise income tax shall not be levied on registered capital. The tax burden of partnership and sole proprietorship enterprises is lighter than that of corporate enterprises. But it should be noted that, for example, individual industrial and commercial households are not conducive to financing. Therefore, when registering a company, business owners should make comprehensive consideration and make reasonable tax planning to prevent the loss outweighs the gain and affect the company's development.

Method 2: tax planning should also be considered when financing.

Different financing methods have different tax burdens. Self-accumulation refers to the reinvestment of enterprises after making profits, but this method can not achieve rapid financing. Financing is one of the best ways for enterprises to expand their scale again. The financing methods of small and medium-sized enterprises include self-accumulation, equity financing, debt financing and leasing.

Equity financing is suitable for large companies. Debt financing is borrowing from financial institutions, and the loan interest can be deducted before tax, and the enterprise income tax can be paid less. When borrowing from non-financial institutions and enterprises, there is room for planning in interest calculation and fund recovery, but the interest shall not exceed the loan interest rate of financial institutions for the same period.

The person in charge of tax planning of Zhongtian Ye Ding said that the financing methods can be combined in various ways, and the factors such as capital cost, tax burden and income should be comprehensively considered to control the debt scale, select the appropriate asset-liability ratio and formulate the best financing method.

Method 3: Enterprise income tax and tax planning

First, choose a reasonable depreciation method for fixed assets. The depreciation methods of fixed assets mainly include straight-line method, workload method and double declining balance method, which cannot be changed at will after selection. Different depreciation methods will affect the tax payment of enterprises, and accelerated depreciation method will expand the upfront expenses, offset the current profits and reduce the taxable income. Enterprises should choose a reasonable depreciation method according to the expected economic benefits of fixed assets and consider reducing the tax burden.

Second, salary planning. Wage expenditure can deduct the taxable amount of enterprise income tax in time, but it should be true and reasonable and cannot be fabricated.

Third, donations. Enterprises should consider the way and amount of donation and control the amount within 12% of the total profit. Enterprises can deduct before tax through public welfare donations from public welfare organizations or relevant government departments.

Method 4: Taxpayer Identity and Tax Planning

Taxpayers are divided into general taxpayers and small-scale taxpayers, which leaves room for tax planning. Small-scale taxpayers implement simple collection, allowing ordinary taxpayers to deduct the input tax when they obtain it. This is also one of the reasons for the difference in accounting fees between the two. It should be noted that some customers are unwilling to cooperate with small-scale taxpayers, which may cause small-scale taxpayer companies to lose some customers.

Method 5: Sales and tax planning

First, sales discount, discount sales. Enterprises will adopt sales discount and discount sales in sales, and the tax basis of the two methods is different. Sales discount is a discount to recover accounts receivable as soon as possible after sales. Sales discount cannot be deducted, and VAT should be paid in full according to the sales amount. Discount sales means giving a certain commercial discount when selling goods. If the sales amount and discount amount are indicated on the same invoice, the tax will be calculated according to the discount amount. From the point of view of reducing tax burden, enterprises should try their best to adopt discount sales, and indicate the discount amount and sales amount on the same invoice respectively, so as to reduce the output tax of value-added tax.

Second, credit sale and installment payment. When selling on credit and by installment, the tax burden is different. Sales are carried out on credit, and it is beneficial for enterprises to issue invoices when they receive the payment. However, credit sales take up a lot of working capital, which may lead to bad debt risk, and will not generate income in the current period, which will have a certain impact on profits. When selling, we adopt installment payment, confirm income by installment, and issue invoices separately, which has little impact on enterprises and can also achieve the purpose of delaying tax payment.

Method 6: Personal income tax and tax planning

In the newly implemented individual income tax law, the planning standards of individual income tax include "minimizing tax burden and maximizing after-tax income". The lowest tax burden standard means that taxpayers choose the scheme with the lowest tax burden from a variety of tax planning schemes in the process of tax planning, while the highest standard of after-tax income refers to increasing after-tax income as much as possible under the guidance of different tax policies.

Reasonable tax avoidance by special additional deduction. In the tax planning under the new personal income tax law, in order to effectively play the deduction function of "special additional deduction items" and improve the actual income of some income groups, it is necessary to fully understand the contents and deduction methods of "special additional deduction items". The contents of "special additional deduction items" in the new individual income tax law include education, housing, medical care, supporting the elderly and many other aspects, which gives taxpayers more choices in tax planning, from individuals to families.

Method 7: Invoice and tax plan

Travel expenses, communication expenses, business meals, etc. Will happen when the enterprise is operating. These expenses are often directly included in the total wages and salaries in the form of cash subsidies, which increases personal income tax. If you keep the expense invoice, you can realize reasonable tax avoidance through invoice reimbursement.

Method 8: Year-end Award and Tax Planning

The interim provisions on year-end bonus in the new personal income tax law are: before the end of 20021,employees can choose to declare and pay taxes on their year-end bonus, or they can declare and pay taxes separately through the one-time bonus for the whole year. For example, an employee earned 50,000 yuan in 2020, which did not meet the tax standard at all, but he received a year-end bonus of 20,000 yuan from Company B on March1February 65438. If the method of consolidation is selected, the amount to be paid at this time is (5+2-6)*3%=0.03 million; if the calculation method of separate tax rate is selected, it needs to be paid at this time. For another example, an employee's income in 2020 is 6.5438+0.8 million yuan, which meets the tax standard in the tax law, and the income should be taxed at 0.95 million yuan. On February 365.438+0, I received a year-end bonus of RMB 30,000, and the payment amount was (654.38+0.8+3-6) *. Therefore, there are obvious differences in tax planning schemes among different income groups.

Method 9: Time of Wage Payment and Tax Planning

Reasonable use of the time and duration of wage payment can effectively achieve the effect of tax avoidance. China's current tax collection rate generally follows the excessive progressive standard. If the salary income is pre-evaluated at the beginning of the year and the annual salary is scientifically classified according to the personal income tax rate under the new personal income tax law, the payment amount will be effectively controlled and the after-tax income of employees' wages and salaries will be improved.

Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of saving taxes and reducing fees, enterprises should reasonably choose taxpayer identity, investment location and industry, reasonably update and transform assets, reasonably choose sales methods, correctly handle part-time and mixed sales, reasonably choose enterprise procurement targets, reasonably choose employment methods, and reasonably postpone tax payment.

In short, tax planning requires professionals to make reasonable planning and understand gj-related fiscal and taxation policies. If there are no suitable professionals, you can choose to cooperate with professional organizations, bearing in mind that there is only one purpose: to maximize the interests of enterprises through tax planning.

[1] Research on enterprise VAT tax planning after VAT reform; China Civil and Commercial 202 1(7)

[2] Enterprise Tax Planning Methods and Enlightenment Analysis Business 2.0- Market and Supervision 202 1(8)

[3] On Tax Planning under the New Individual Income Tax Law China Industrial and Commercial Theory 202 1( 1 1)

[4] the tax reduction effect of the reform of the camp on the impact of enterprise value-added tax planning accounting learning 2020(7)

[5] Enterprise Reasonable Tax Planning Analysis Tax Garden 20 18

[6] Thoughts on Reasonable Tax Planning of Enterprises Tax Planning 20 17(3)