At the same time, Wang Mian and Yang Weizhen recorded an earthquake that was not mentioned in historical materials.

This article was published in Zhuji Daily on July 24th.

677 years ago, that is, 1342, Yuan was two years old. On July 1 day of this year, an earthquake occurred in a certain place in southern China, and it was felt obviously in Hangzhou, Shaoxing and other places. But the records of Hangzhou and Shaoxing did not mention the earthquake. Although not recorded in local chronicles, the earthquake did happen. At that time, Wang Mian and Yang Weizhen, two famous people in Zhuji, recorded this incident by accident in their poems. Today, it seems that the two saints in Zhuji have made up for the lack of records and filled a blank in the history of the Hangzhou-Shaoxing earthquake.

Wang Mian has a poem called Answering Jia Taichu. The poem wrote: "Know yourself and yourself, it is good to be poor, and soon you will go home and dream more." Why do you want to study thousands of books today? A few glasses of good wine ruined your face. The farther up the mountain, the more new letters there are, and the old people in the south of the Yangtze River wander around. Bai Song has told me how generous the old man is about the pay cut. " In the summer and autumn of this year, Wang Mian left his Yin Shan Caotang and was traveling somewhere in the south of the Yangtze River. On the way, he went to see his good friend Jia Taichu. Jia Taichu has a deep friendship and gives his salary to entertain his friends. So on the occasion of farewell, Wang Mian wrote this poem of thanks. Shao Wuben's letter "Moving Mountains over the Earth to Get a New Trust" has Wang Mian's note: "On June 27, Renwu, there were mountains moving three or five miles in Huiji." What force can move a mountain three or five miles in one day? The answer must be an earthquake.

But Wang Mian didn't mention the word "earthquake". Because he was not in Shaoxing at that time, it was just a "new letter" to say that "Kuaiji Mountain moved three or five miles". Or just received a letter from home, or just heard the news from my hometown. "The more you cross the soil, the more you win the trust, and the elderly in the south of the Yangtze River rush about in autumn" means: I just got the news that a mountain in my hometown has moved three or five miles, but I am rushing about for a living in this late autumn season. So that is to say, Wang Mian wrote this poem in the late autumn season of "autumn scenery in the south of the Yangtze River", and "Huiji has a mountain moving three or five miles" happened on June 27th, with an interval of several months.

Because Wang Mian ran away from home, and because Wang Mian had no personal experience, his records were all indirectly reported and recorded, so it is inevitable that there are some discrepancies with the facts. In fact, there was no geological disaster in Shaoxing in the five years of Zhengren. Therefore, the author has always had great doubts about this poem by Wang Mian. It was not until we read Yang Weizhen's "Earthquake Ballad" that we could find out some truth of the matter.

It turns out that there was an earthquake in Shaoxing at 1342. Even if there was no earthquake, there must be a sense of earthquake. However, Wang Mian made a mistake about the time of the earthquake, and he took the rumor that "one mountain moves three miles" as false.

Yang Weizhen's preface to "Earthquake Ballad" reads: "Earthquakes are like thunder in early July. People's houses are crowded and the soil is as white as silk. "Historical Records" has a chapter and thirteen sentences in it. " The whole poem is as follows:

This year, Yang Weizhen was 47 years old. In the second year after his family moved to Hangzhou, he advocated "West Lake Zhi Zhu Ci" and has been living in Hangzhou waiting for his reinstatement. So his record must be his own experience and should be conclusive. But the focus of the poem "Earthquake Ballad" is not to write about earthquakes, but to write about emperors and saints. The duty of writing about the son of heaven and saints is to protect the country and defend the country, and the son of heaven should worry about the country and the people like an alarmist. To read this poem, please refer to a passage in Liezi: Qi is worried about the collapse of the sky, and filial piety says, "If the sky accumulates gas, why worry?" There is also: * * Gong Jia and Zhuan Xu are fighting for the emperor, and their anger is beyond Zhoushan. Fold Tianzhu, Jedi dimension. )

The so-called "fire in the south of the Yangtze River on April 1st and earthquake in the south of the Yangtze River on July 1st" in Yang's poems refers to two major events that happened in Hangzhou in 1342. One is fire. The "April 1st Southern Province Fire" is a fire in Hangzhou. Tao, a disciple of Yang Weizhen, recorded in Volume 9 "Fire" of "The Record of Dropping Out of Farming in Nancun": "On April 1, 2002, a fire broke out in Hangzhou, which was unprecedented in the past, especially last year. Hundreds of years of vast land will wither. " For this fire, Yang Weizhen recorded again in "Wulin Disaster" in October of the third year of Zheng Zheng (1343): "On April 1, Zheng Zheng, Hang Cheng was devastated, and 40,000 houses were destroyed." The other is an earthquake, which happened on July 1 day, that is, the "new moon in July". There are three sentences in the description of the disaster: "The earthquake is like thunder"; What I feel is "the house is unstable"; What I saw was "the hair on the soil is as white as silk." There is no mention of the destruction of houses or casualties in the poem, so it is estimated that the damage of this earthquake is not very great. The epicenter should not be in Hangzhou, but Hangzhou has obvious earthquake sensation, otherwise Yang Weizhen could not have such a true description.

Memorabilia of the Yuan Dynasty recorded three earthquakes in China in 1342, one of which occurred in July of Nandi. Huizhou Road records the disaster as "Luofu Mountain Collapse". This shows that the "July 1st earthquake" mentioned by Yang Weizhen is closely related to the geological movement in the south of China, and Hangzhou was indeed affected by the July 1st earthquake, with obvious earthquake sensation. Wang Mian's "crossing" refers to the Hangshao Plain, but there is a three-day error with Yang Weizhen's record. There is indeed confusion in "There is a mountain moving three or five miles in Huiji", which is similar to the "Luofu Mountain Collapse" and comparable to Yang Weizhen's so-called "Mount Tai shakes the sea and leaks". Perhaps it was caused by word of mouth, which was also reasonable in ancient times when information was underdeveloped.

In addition, it is worth mentioning that Yang Weizhen's "Earthquake Ballad" not only expresses the poet's childlike love, but also popularizes two earthquake knowledge to us:

First, the earthquake "local hair". This phenomenon is very strange and the examples are amazing. According to statistics, out of about 80 major earthquakes that occurred in 345- 1856, 200 have been recorded. For example, before the 23 1 Yuxian 6.5 earthquake in Hebei Province, "there was a piece of white hair on the ground"; In February, 65438+535, "Duxia (Nanjing) earthquake produced white hair, which was two feet long"; In March 788 AD, "Shi Jing (Chang 'an) Earthquake was hairy, yellow or white, and it was more than a foot long"; 1505 10.9 "Haiyan earthquake sounded in the middle of the night. First, there was black gas in the east, and white hair appeared on the ground, which was one or two feet long like a ponytail. " 1365438+June 24, 2003 "Shi Jing earthquake, soil as white as silk wool"; 1342 Yang Weizhen's record enriched the witness of the earthquake again. 1600 On September 29th, there was a record of "white hair on the ground" in Nan 'ao, Guangdong, with a magnitude of 7. This phenomenon was recorded in 39 counties in Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other places after the Tancheng M8/0/668 earthquake. At that time, there was a poem saying that "the drum demon started from the northwest in the middle of the night, and the dust started in a blink of an eye, and the white happened recently"; In April, 169 1, "Fuzhou earthquake, the soil is hairy"; The May earthquake in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 1794 "White hair, thin as long feet". According to the analysis of historical data by predecessors, the time when white hairs appear on the ground generally appears on the next day or a few days after the earthquake, which is generally a weak and sensitive area of the earthquake or major earthquake. Judging from this large number of records, the phenomenon of abnormal white hair after the earthquake is not without reason, so what is this white hair? What does it have to do with the earthquake? At present, there is no conclusion in academic circles. There is a typical understanding: the phenomenon caused by electrostatic action under special environmental conditions.

Second, the earthquake was "thunderous". This is an electromagnetic anomaly caused by the earthquake, and there are many such records, such as:1August 303 17 Hong Tong M8 earthquake, "a sudden gust of wind suddenly sounded like a heavy thunder and a sudden earthquake"; 1365438+Shi Jing (Chang' an) earthquake on June 24, 2003, "new moon in July, the earthquake sounded like thunder"; 1342 Yang Weizhen's record once again enriched the witness of the earthquake "thunder". 1Tancheng earthquake on July 25, 668, "Before the earthquake, the sky was gloomy and thunderous, the air was like a galloping horse, and the underground was like a huge thunder"; 1May 695 18 Linfen earthquake with M = 8, "The sound of darkness is like thunder, and the smell of husband service becomes angry, and the fire burns the heavens and the earth, and Zhu Rong is full of candles"; 1720 Tibet earthquake, "there is no dust flying in the windy place in that warehouse, and there is no face at hand, and it thunders in winter"; 1830 June 12 Cixian earthquake of magnitude 7.5 in Hebei Province, "The sound came from the northwest, very strong, thundering suddenly, the sound was deafening, the ground was as white as fog, and then the earthquake came"; Electromagnetic phenomena before a strong earthquake was vividly and concretely described in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio on the Shore written by Guangxu in Qing Dynasty: "A few days after the new autumn in A.D. 1846, the night was halfway through, and suddenly there was a strong wind, such as a landslide. Open the window and you will see a red light, the size of a washbasin, full of red gas and flying stars, from north to south, and then there are ten thousand meteors.