How to write the research content of the subject?

It is the key to carry out subject research in primary and secondary schools. Teachers should thoroughly study their own experiences and problems in education and teaching, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, improve their work, and realize the transformation to research-oriented and expert teachers. The integration of teaching and scientific research is the basic way: research should serve teaching and scientific research is for better teaching. School-based project research is the core: without project research, research-oriented schools are empty talk. Action research is the basic method: action research puts problem solving in the first place, so as to

Basic principles of project research in primary and secondary schools;

School-oriented; Integrating theory with practice; Pay attention to practical problems and serve for improving quality; Combination of qualitative and quantitative research; Combine inheritance, reference and innovation.

Establish the basic methods of research topics;

Propose topics from successful education and teaching experience; Put forward topics from the outstanding problems faced; Transplant advanced education and teaching modes and methods, and put forward topics in combination with the actual situation of our school; Find the breakthrough point from the frontier of education development at home and abroad and put forward the topic; According to their own education and teaching ideas and innovative ideas, put forward the topic.

(B) How to choose a topic

1, the principle of topic selection

(1) Is it worth studying?

Creativity: the research object is new and the research perspective is new.

Investigation on the harm degree of lobster in Jizhou area.

Appreciation of Bronze Art in Jiangnan Bronze Kingdom.

Science:

Research on qigong improving students' intelligence.

Study on the correlation between shampoo frequency and personal achievement.

Benefits:

Investigation on the proportion of primary school students wearing cloth shoes and leather shoes.

(2) Whether it is possible to study-feasibility:

Research on Comprehensive Reform of Rural Middle School Education

Research on the Influence of Modern Cultural Media on Teenagers' Ideological and Moral Character

Research on developing brain potential

Research on Deng Xiaoping Theory's Entering the Classroom

2, the topic should pay special attention to the problem

(1) Based on one's own work (engaged in research work, learning at work)

(2) Based on the usual accumulation

(3) Based on personal characteristics (mode)

(4) Start small.

(5) Pay attention to the reflection on the phenomenon of daily education.

(6) Don't be innovative in selecting topics.

(3) How to make a project plan

1, the expression of the subject

2, the purpose and significance of the study (why study)

3. Research object and scope (defined)

4. Research content (what to study)

5, research methods (how to study)

6. Steps and process of research.

7. Budget and equipment conditions

(four) the declaration of educational and scientific research projects

1. Project declaration channel

The reporting channels for educational and scientific research projects can be recommended by schools and county-level teaching and research offices and reported to the project management departments at or above the provincial level. The application must be approved by the teaching and research section or the project management department step by step, and the project research business file must be established, and the relationship with the performance appraisal should be established.

There is also a reporting channel, that is, in the approved and published research plan, choose a topic to apply for participation in the sub-topic research and experimental work of this topic. When applying for such projects, we should fully understand and be familiar with whether these projects are suitable for our own research level, whether there are suitable research teams, time and many other factors, and actively keep in touch with the head of the general research group after the application, so as to make a phased summary of the project work.

2. Jiangxi Province, primary and secondary education and scientific research projects to declare the project procedures

(1) Read the Guide to Teaching and Research in Primary and Secondary Schools in Jiangxi Province carefully;

(2) Fill in the Research Report on Primary and Secondary Education and Teaching in Jiangxi Province;

(3) the county (city, district) teaching and research section shall be stamped and submitted to the municipal teaching and research section project office, and then submitted to the provincial project base office;

(4) The provincial and municipal project offices hold project review meetings, employ them as review projects, and put forward project review opinions;

5] Submit the proposed project to provincial and municipal education leaders for approval;

[6] To issue the provincial and municipal "Notice of Primary and Secondary Education and Scientific Research Projects" to the research group;

(7) Initiation and implementation of the project.

3. Time of declaration

Project application is twice a year, and the application time is from March 10 to September 10-30.

4. Reasons for review failure

(1) Improper topic selection does not meet the funding conditions;

(2) The subject demonstration is not sufficient;

(3) the quality or level of the person in charge of the project;

(4) The strength of the research group is not strong or the division of labor is improper;

5] Insufficient data preparation;

[6] The final result is not clear;

Once other conditions required to complete this project are not met;

Comparatively speaking, this project has a more suitable undertaker;

(9) Other reasons (explanation).

(E) Several commonly used research methods

1, questionnaire survey method

2. Experimental methods

3. Observation method

4. Case law

5, action research method (research ideas, research ideas, research methods)

(combination of quantitative and qualitative)

1, questionnaire survey method

(1) Questionnaire structure: description, personal basic information and survey questions.

(2) Questionnaire type: open, closed and comprehensive.

Open-ended: Tell me what you think of biology class.

Closed: multiple choice questions, yes or no questions, hierarchical.

Multiple-choice question: What is the reason for your unsatisfactory results in this biology exam? A, poor ability B, no effort C, poor teacher D, careless examination.

You like biology class a, yes, b, no.

Grading: (Attitude and Emotion)

Three equations: you like biology teacher A, like B, it doesn't matter, C, don't like it.

Five equations: like it very much, like it more, don't care, hate it more, hate it very much.

(3) Requirements of questionnaire design

For example 1, what do you think is the significance of quality education?

Example 2, do you think the burden on students is heavy?

Example 3, do your parents support you to join the biology extracurricular group?

The language of questions should be popular, specific and accurate.

Example 4: Some students preview before class. Is it?

No preview, less preview, preview when the teacher arranges preview, and preview often.

Questions cannot have suggestive language.

Alternative answers should be classified according to a standard.

The distance between alternative answers should be roughly equal.

Before class,

A, do not preview b, sometimes preview c, and often preview C.

Example 5, at night, your usual sleep time is:

A, b before 8 o'clock, c before 9 o'clock, 10 o'clock.

D, other-

Alternative answers should be exhausted.

Avoid asking questions that the other person is worried or unable to answer.

2. Observation method

Types of observation methods

Natural observation and laboratory observation (whether in a natural state or not)

Direct observation and indirect observation (whether on site or not)

Participatory observation and non-participatory observation (whether to directly participate in the activities of the observed object)

Structured observation and unstructured observation (with or without clear observation objectives)

For example, in order to study the destructive behavior of 6-year-old children, Thomas first observed all aspects of children's destructive behavior in practice and gave specific behaviors to each aspect. After identifying the destructive behavior of 6-year-old children, he systematically observed children's behaviors in children's lives and recorded and collected data for research. It can be seen that the observation method is that researchers systematically and continuously observe the research object under natural conditions according to certain purposes. And make accurate and detailed records to collect and master the data to be studied, and then make analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and reasoning, and make a strict and reasonable scientific explanation of the hypothesis.

Play with things, untie shoelaces, etc.

Do other things

nine

Turn your head and body to other students and show others something.

turn towards

eight

Giggle, tear paper, clap your hands and knock on the table.

noise

seven

Cry, scream, cough and whistle.

call out

six

Talk to other students, shout at the teacher and sing.

speak

five

Rob other people's things and destroy other students' property.

Disturb others

four

Throw, push, bump, pat, poke and hit other students with things.

Infringe on others

three

Kneel on the chair, sit on your feet and lie across the classroom.

kneel

2

Get out of your seat, stand up and walk around.

Rude behavior

1

The line is the table.

kind

serial number

3. Experimental methods:

The characteristics of educational experiment are the naturalness of experimental environment, the harmlessness of experimental variables and the long-term experimental process.

Three variables: independent variable, dependent variable and irrelevant variable.

The key to the success of the experimental method lies in the control of irrelevant variables.

Common irrelevant variables:

Attitude factors of subjects

Growth and maturity factors

Measurement arrangement

Experimental design types: single group experiment, equal group experiment and wheel group experiment.

For example, Helok conducted a successful educational experiment. According to the hypothesis, he divided 106 students in Grade 4 and Grade 5 into four groups according to their first test results: the first group is praise, the second group is training, the third group is listening, and the fourth group is control. The four groups of students have the same difficulty every day and the same training time (65,438+05 minutes. For the second group of students, the teacher always criticizes and reprimands after practicing every day; For the third group of students, the teacher neither praises nor criticizes after practice every day, only let them listen to others being praised or criticized; For the fourth group of students, let them practice alone. They don't praise or criticize themselves, nor do others praise or criticize them. The teacher doesn't give any comments. After five days of experiment, the second experiment was carried out. The results show that the praised group has the best performance, followed by the criticized group, followed by the listening group, and the control group is the worst. This proves the experimenter's theoretical hypothesis that the teaching effect with evaluation is better than that without evaluation, and the teaching effect with praise and encouragement is better than that with criticism and reprimand.

Independent variables refer to experimental factors implemented and actively operated by experimenters. Independent variable, also called experimental variable, is a hypothetical cause variable. In the previous example, the teacher's evaluation, praise and criticism of students' learning are independent variables. Dependent variables refer to the results caused by the influence of experimental variables. Dependent variable, also called reflection variable, is a hypothetical result variable. In the previous example, the experimenter praised, criticized and listened. After the experiment without evaluation, the four groups of students showed several different results, which were dependent variables. Irrelevant variables refer to all factors that may affect the experimental results but have nothing to do with the experimental objectives. Also known as interference variables, such as age, gender, intellectual development level, learning motivation, personality, will, emotion, family status, class style, study style, teachers' level and sense of responsibility, campus culture, etc.

4. Action research

Features:

From the research purpose, it is "research for action"

From the object of study, it is "the study of action"

One-stop service: combining research with problem solving.

From the research environment, it is "research in action"

From the researcher's point of view, it is "the actor conducts research"

From the perspective of research scope, it is the scope of action of researchers.

Judging from the research process, it is to adjust while acting.

Judging from the research results, it is the improvement and development of action.

Improvement and development of students' behavior; Improvement and development of teachers' actions

Case study of action research method:

Qingpu Model —— A Study on Improving the Quality of Mathematics Teaching in a Large Area

The actual screening methods they adopted specifically include the following procedures.

⑴ Summarize all kinds of teaching experience, understand the teaching of this discipline and the research results of some related disciplines, such as psychology, logic, philosophical epistemology, etc., and then use these experiences and results to put forward a plan in combination with the current situation and requirements of the teaching object;

(2) Implementing these experiences in teaching as scheduled (theoretical achievements will be reflected in some experiences);

⑶ Organize experienced teachers to the teaching site (generally not in the experimental environment) to systematically inspect and evaluate the visual situation;

(4) Adjust the original experience according to the evaluation results-eliminate, develop or optimize the combination;

5. Re-plan, re-implement, re-evaluate and repeat for many times until an effective experience system is screened out.

Hypothetical plan

Reflective observation action

Revise the plan and act again

Rethink and observe again.

Action research spiral chart

(six) the preparation of scientific research materials.

1. Fill in the closing report.

Generally speaking, the final report includes the following basic contents:

(1) main personnel of the study;

(2) the project summary report;

(3) Statistics of project research results, mainly data statistics that can reflect the research process, are provided to the judges for evaluation and verification.

2. Collect written and physical materials related to the theme.

(1) Information reflecting the progress of the project, such as project summary;

(2) Records of academic and practical activities;

(3) the results of team training, such as training and studying abroad. ;

(four) the pilot promotion materials to reform the income level;

(five) benefits, including comparative data and economic benefit data reflecting the benefits before and after the reform;

(6) Social feedback, including newspaper articles and awards. ;

Articles, magazines and certificates that have been published and won awards;

Being audio-visual, multimedia courseware and three-dimensional model related to the theme.

Procedures for reporting project completion

1. During the implementation of the approved project, the project leader is required to write a stage summary every semester, which is not required to be sent to the provincial and municipal teaching and research offices, but only provided at the end of the project. After the completion of the project, it will be collated and bound into a printed version, which will be one of the basis for the final review.

2. When the project research expires, the person in charge shall write an application report and fill in the project completion report in triplicate. For projects that need to be postponed, the person in charge must write an application report to the provincial and municipal project offices six months in advance.

3. The person in charge of the project will submit the declaration of project initiation and conclusion (in triplicate), stage summary compilation, conclusion summary report, relevant achievement materials and project catalogue together with the project review fee to the Project Office of the Municipal Teaching and Research Office.

4. Provincial and municipal project offices shall, according to the specific circumstances, organize experts to conduct project completion acceptance by means of communication review or on-site review. For projects that have not yet passed the conclusion, they should be improved according to the opinions put forward by experts, and strive for the next batch to continue to apply for the conclusion.

I wish teachers greater achievements in education and scientific research!