Thoughts and Countermeasures of Getting Out of China's Economic Depression

On the present situation and countermeasures of China's low-carbon economy Abstract: Global warming is one of the issues of great concern to all countries in the world, and the continuous increase of energy demand brought about by the development of the world economy will further aggravate the environmental and ecological problems brought about by carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, China's energy shortage, low per capita resources and serious environmental pollution also make China face greater international transfer emission pressure. Advocating the development of low-carbon economy conforms to the objective requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development, and is also conducive to popularizing modern energy services, utilizing renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, improving energy structure and strengthening energy security. Keywords: low-carbon economy; First, the connotation of low-carbon economy Low-carbon economy is a brand-new economic concept. The formulation of low-carbon economy originated from the energy white paper Our Future Energy: Creating a Low-carbon Economy published by Britain in 2003. From the perspective of sustainable development, low-carbon economy is a form of economic development that reduces the consumption of high-carbon energy such as coal and oil as much as possible, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and realizes win-win economic and social development and ecological environmental protection through various means such as technological innovation, institutional innovation, industrial transformation and new energy development. From a technical point of view, low-carbon economy is based on market mechanism, and under the action of institutional framework and policy measures, it uses various low-carbon technologies such as energy efficiency improvement technology, energy-saving technology, renewable energy technology and greenhouse gas emission reduction technology to promote the transformation of the whole social economy to a mode of high energy efficiency, low energy consumption and low carbon emission. To sum up, the generalized low-carbon economy is a green eco-economic model marked by low emissions, low energy consumption and low pollution. The goal is to control carbon emissions and maintain carbon balance in the biosphere; The essence is to improve energy efficiency and create a clean energy structure; The core is technological innovation, institutional innovation and the change of development concept. It can be said that the development of low-carbon economy is a global revolution, involving values, national rights and interests, production and lifestyle. Second, the status quo of developing low-carbon economy abroad In recent years, more and more countries regard environmental protection as an important part of their economic development strategies, and actively promote the growth of low-carbon life by formulating low-carbon economic policies. Especially in response to the global financial crisis, some countries regard the development of new energy and low-carbon industries as an important driving force to revitalize their economies. The key to developing low-carbon economy in Germany is to develop eco-industry. Germany's eco-industrial policy mainly includes six aspects: strictly implementing environmental protection policies; Formulate effective energy utilization strategies for various industries; Expand the use of renewable energy; Sustainable utilization of biological intelligence; Introduce measures to stimulate the reform and innovation of the automobile industry, and implement measures such as environmental education and qualification certification. In order to realize the transformation from a traditional economy to a green economy, Germany not only pays attention to strengthening industrial policy coordination and international cooperation with the European Union, but also plans to increase government investment in environmental protection technological innovation and encourage private investment through various policy measures. The German government hopes to set up environmental protection and innovation funds by raising public and private funds to promote the development of green economy. France's low-carbon economic policy focuses on developing nuclear energy and renewable energy. In June 5438+February, 2008, the French Ministry of Environment announced a package plan aimed at developing renewable energy. This plan has 50 measures, covering bioenergy, wind energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, hydropower and other fields. In addition to vigorously developing renewable energy, in 2009, the French government also invested 400 million euros to develop clean energy vehicles and "low-carbon vehicles". In addition, nuclear energy has always been the pillar of France's energy policy and a focus of France's low-carbon economy. After the global financial crisis, the United States chose to develop new energy and green economy as the main driving force to revitalize the American economy. The U.S. government's low-carbon economic policy can be further divided into many aspects, such as energy saving and efficiency improvement, developing new energy sources, and coping with climate change. Among them, the development of new energy is the core. On February 15, 2009, the United States promulgated the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, with a total investment of 787 billion US dollars, which listed the development of new energy as an important content, including the development of high-efficiency batteries, smart grids, carbon storage and capture, and renewable energy (such as wind energy and solar energy). The most important thing of energy saving is automobile energy saving. In addition, in response to climate warming, the United States has made efforts to develop a low-carbon economy through a series of energy-saving and environmental protection measures. Three. China's Practice of Developing Low-carbon Economy In the practice of low-carbon economy, Britain, as a pioneer of low-carbon economy, passed the world's first bill on low-carbon economy-the draft climate change law in 2006, and set the targets of reducing carbon emissions by 30% in 2020 and 60% in 2050. Japan, Denmark, Norway and other countries have also achieved rapid development of low-carbon economy and low-carbon technology, and achieved good economic, ecological and social effects. The practice of low-carbon economy in China mainly focuses on carbon trading and creating low-carbon cities. (1) carbon trading. In 2006, the global carbon dioxide emissions trading volume reached 28 billion US dollars, and the carbon dioxide trading volume reached 654.38+300 million tons. At present, there are four exchanges specializing in carbon finance in the world, including EUETS in the European Union, NewSouthWales in Australia, ChicagoClimateExchange in the United States and UKErrs in the United Kingdom. In addition, many well-known financial institutions are active in these markets, including ABN Amro, Barclays Capital 1, GoldmanSachs, Morgan Stanley and UBS. ChicagoClimateExchange is the first organization and market trading platform in the world, and the only institution in North America that voluntarily participates in greenhouse gas emission reduction trading and is legally binding on emission reduction. It is also the only market in the world that trades six greenhouse gases at the same time, namely carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorochemicals and sulfur hexafluoride. In China, based on its brand and market value, Industrial Bank signed the Cooperation Agreement on Energy Efficiency Financing Projects (CHUEE) with the International Finance Corporation in 2006, becoming the first commercial bank in China to offer energy efficiency loans. According to the agreement, IFC provided 200 million yuan of principal loss sharing to Industrial Bank to support a loan portfolio of up to 460 million yuan. Industrial Bank issues loans according to energy-saving and environmental protection enterprises and projects recognized by IFC, which provides relevant technical assistance and performance incentives for loan projects. China Bank and Shenzhen Development Bank respectively launched financial products linked to overseas carbon dioxide emission quota futures prices. (2) Establish a low-carbon city. Low-carbon city is an urban sustainable development model composed of a series of elements such as new energy utilization, clean technology, green planning, green building and green consumption. In 2008, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the United Nations Fund for Nature (WWF) began to comprehensively promote the development of low-carbon cities. Shanghai and Baoding became the first batch of pilot cities, and the project technical advisory group composed of experts from NDRC, Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Science and Technology, State Environmental Protection Administration and Ministry of Commerce was officially unveiled. In the same year, WWF published Baoding: the "Electric Valley" of global sustainable energy production, which affirmed the contribution of Baoding model in the development of renewable energy. Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province also invited experts to study low-carbon economy in 2008 and wanted to declare the national low-carbon economic zone. IV. Policy Choice for Developing Low-carbon Economy in China Low-carbon economy is the development trend of the world economy, and it is an economic development model to realize resource conservation and environmental friendliness. However, China is in the stage of industrialization. Developing economy, reducing poverty and meeting employment are still the biggest tasks to realize modernization, and the transition to a low-carbon economy is still restricted by many realistic conditions. In order to achieve these goals, we must strengthen the state's macro-control over the economy, innovate public policies in a timely and appropriate manner, and create positive and appropriate policy arrangements according to the new requirements of the political, economic and social development environment. (1) Adjusting industrial structure, restricting market access of high-carbon industries and advocating low-carbon industrial structure will have a great impact on carbon emissions. If the economies of the same size or total amount have the same technological level but different industrial structures, it will lead to greater differences in carbon emissions. The secondary industry, represented by industrial manufacturing, construction and transportation, is a big energy consumer and needs a lot of energy. China is in a period of rapid industrialization, and the secondary industry will show a strong momentum in a certain period of time, which is also the objective need of development. Therefore, according to the national conditions, vigorously adjusting the industrial structure and advocating low-carbon industries are major issues that we need to solve at present. (2) Increasing land and sea carbon sink forests can absorb a lot of CO2, which is equivalent to reducing CO2 emissions, and it is a good carbon sink. According to the research, the carbon fixation rate of artificial afforestation in China is 1.4 tons of carbon/(hectare? Years), which is equivalent to an average annual absorption of 5. 1 ton of CO2 per hectare of forest land. In 2005, the forest area in China reached 1749 1 10,000 hectares, and the forest coverage rate increased from 13.92% in the early 1990s. It has increased to 18.2 1%, which has made great contributions to global carbon sink construction and greenhouse gas emission reduction. According to the 11th Five-Year Plan and the long-term forestry development plan, the forest coverage rate in China will reach 23% by 2020. Based on China's land area of about 9.6 million km (960 million hm), it is equivalent to an increase of 46 million hectares in forest area in 2020 compared with 2005, and an increase of 43,065,438+ten thousand tons of carbon sinks every year, which is equivalent to a decrease of carbon sinks 10. In addition, the ocean is also one of the important carbon sinks. Studies have shown that carbon dioxide. In the past 200 years, the carbon dioxide released by human beings in the process of burning fossil fuels and manufacturing cement has been absorbed by the ocean by nearly half. China's research on ocean carbon flux in the East China Sea also shows that the East China Sea is a sink of CO2. Therefore, it is expected to further increase the scale of carbon sinks in China by intensifying research and accurately determining the structure and intensity of carbon sinks in the adjacent waters of China as soon as possible. (3) Innovating cultural policies and advocating ecological culture and civilization is another major ideological innovation formed by the Party at the critical moment of economic and social transformation, and the concept of cultural "soft power" is put forward. Culture is national basic education, which lays the foundation for national interest education; Culture is life, which determines whether the overall environment we see, feel and think is true, good, beautiful or false, evil and ugly; Culture is economy, and the important position and role of cultural industry in modern economy is self-evident. The development of low-carbon economy can not be separated from the construction of green ecological culture recognized by the whole people. As a new culture, ecological culture is an ideological system that advocates harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and it is the sum of thoughts reflected by people's optimal solutions to the relationship between man and nature, which is embodied in various measures and means for human beings to solve various ecological environment problems, live in harmony with nature and seek better survival and development. Innovative cultural policy is to form an ecological culture with "saving resources and protecting the environment" as the core, and resolutely resist extravagant and wasteful luxury culture in life. The concept of ecology is deeply rooted in people's hearts. V. Conclusion At present, China is building an innovative country and a resource-saving and environment-friendly society under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, which is basically consistent with the goal of developing a low-carbon economy. From the perspective of economics, every stage of social development has a corresponding economic development model: in the primary stage of industrialization, economic development depends on the high input of the original production factors and extensive economic's growth; In the middle stage of industrialization, investment and scientific and technological progress are the main driving forces of economic development; In the advanced stage of industrialization, informatization and modern service industry are the main development directions. China's economic transformation has abandoned the traditional economic development model of "high input, high pollution and low output" and embarked on a road of "low input, low pollution and high output". The innovation of public policy has enabled us to actively integrate into the practice of low-carbon economy and the world development trend, obtain funds and technology for sustainable development, and provide a new model of resource conservation and environmental friendliness for world economic development. References: [1] Feng Zhixun, Jin Yong, Niu, Some thoughts on promoting low-carbon economy and scientific development [n]. Guangming Daily, 2009-04-2 1. Fort Xia Dian. Developing Low-carbon Economy and Realizing Urban Sustainable Development [j]. Environmental Protection, 2008 (7a Zhang Xihui. On consumer guide in low-carbon economy [J]. Consumer Economy, 2009 (4): 7 1-74. Zou Ji, etc. , Technology Transfer and Financial Mechanism of Low-carbon Road, 2009 China Sustainable Development Strategy Report-Exploring Low-carbon Road with China Characteristics [M], Beijing: Science Press, Jordan chan, Tan Juan, Chen Wenjie, 2009.