Ambition in Du Fu's poem, this poem is rich in emotion. Please explain with the comments how the first couplet expresses the author's

"Ambition" was written by Du Fu and was selected into "Three Hundred Tang Poems". Although this poem describes the feelings of outing and ambition, the feelings of worrying about family and country, hurting oneself and the people, overflowing between the lines. The first couplet of the poem describes the scenery seen from both high and low places. The couplet is lyrical, from ambition to thoughts of the separation of brothers and wandering around the world alone. The neck couplet continues to express the feeling of being too old and sick to serve the country. The last couplet highlights the effectiveness of the work and points out the theme of "ambition", while the middle two couplets summarize the lack of personnel. The whole poem is full of sincere emotions and simple language. There are two poems in Du Fu's "Ambition", both of which express the poet's sentiments about the current situation, the ruin of his country and his family, and his wandering in the world when he was riding his horse out of the suburbs.

Notes

1. Xishan: In the west of Chengdu, the main peak Snow Ridge is covered with snow all year round.

2. Three cities: Zhisong (now Songpan County, Sichuan), Wei (the old city is in the west of today's Li County, Sichuan), and Bao (the old city is in the northwest of Xinbaoguan, Li County).

3. garrison: defense. The three cities are important towns on the border of Sichuan. During the Tubo period, they invaded each other, so troops were stationed to guard them.

4. Nanpu: the waterside area in the southern suburbs.

5. Qingjiang: refers to Jinjiang.

6. Wanli Bridge: in the south of Chengdu. Fei of the Shu Han Dynasty visited the Kingdom of Wu. Before leaving, he said to Zhuge Liang: "A journey of thousands of miles begins with this bridge." These two sentences expressed his hope.

7. Chimu: Du Fu was fifty years old at this time.

8. For the sick: Leave it to the sickly body.

Rhyme Translation

The Xishan Mountains are covered with snow all year round, and the three cities are heavily garrisoned; the Wanli Bridge in the southern suburbs crosses the mighty Jinjiang River.

The country has been in turmoil for years, and the brothers have been cut off from each other. How miserable is it that I am the only one in the world?

I have given my twilight years to my sickly body; so far I have not had any merit to repay the wise Holy Emperor.

When I go on horseback riding alone, I often look around and see that the world is getting worse day by day, which is really unimaginable.

This poem was written in the Chengdu Caotang in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (761). The poem is titled "Ambition", which is a self-portrait of the poet feeling sentimental about the current situation and missing his brothers when he was riding out of the suburbs.

The first two sentences describe Xishan and Jinjiang that I saw during my ambition. "West Mountain" is located in the west of Chengdu

The main peak is covered with snow all year round, so it is described as "white snow". The "Three Cities" refer to the three prefectures of Song, Wei and Bao (in today's Songpan and Li counties of Sichuan). At this time, troops were stationed to guard against Tibetan invasion and it was an important town in Shu. Nanpu, waterfront in the southern suburbs. Qingjiang, Jinjiang. Wanli Bridge is located in the south of Chengdu. The middle four sentences are the feelings about family, country and individuals triggered by ambition. Three or four sentences are derived from the war and the feelings of missing the brothers and hurting oneself and living in exile. "Fengchen" refers to the years of war caused by the Anshi Rebellion. Du Fu's four younger brothers: Ying, Guan, Feng, and Zhan. Only Du Zhan followed him to Shu, and the other three brothers were scattered in various places. At this time, being "a whole body away" from Western Shu is like being at the end of the world. The poet missed his home country and couldn't help but shed tears. The true feelings are revealed and no one can help but be moved.

Fifty-six sentences also use "Tianya" and "Yi" to bring out the guilt of being "sick" in his dying years, "not" contributing little, and failing to make up for the "Holy Dynasty". "To provide" means to entrust. "Juai" refers to drops of water and dust, which refers to the smallest detail. Du Fu was fifty years old, so he was said to have entered his "twilight" years. He sighed and said: I can only spend my old age in a "sick" body, but "have not" made any contribution to repay the "sacred dynasty", which is very shameful.

Although Du Fu lived in Western Shu, his desire to serve the Li and Tang dynasties never changed, which shows that his patriotism was very strong. The middle four sentences artistically and effectively summarize the poet's worries about his family and country, his feelings about his life experience, especially his desire to serve the Li and Tang dynasties. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 Tang Poems column of "Xi Gutang Chinese Studies Network".

The last seven or eight sentences point out the way of "ambition" and deep worries. "Human affairs", things in the world. Since the three cities in Xishan were fortified by soldiers at that time, the people of Shu were heavily burdened with taxes and services. Du Fu was deeply concerned that the people would not survive, and he had hidden worries about the world turning into a "depression". This is the purpose of the conclusion. The poet "crosses the horse" from the thatched cottage, walks "out" to the southern "suburban", and "looks" around. "Nanpu Qingjiang Wanli Bridge" is a close-up view. "Three cities garrisoned with white snow on the west mountain

" is a distant view. He derived the sigh of chaos from the "Three Cities Garrison", and expressed the idea of ??Shu from the "Wanli Bridge". This is the reason for the four sentences in the middle about family, country and personal worries.

Du Fu "crossed the countryside on horseback" and looked "extremely far" four times, originally to relieve his depression. However, his love for his country and his people forced him to reflect on national events, the separation of brothers and personal experiences from the natural landscape he "looked at". For a time, thoughts and feelings such as serving the country, missing family members, sadness and illness, etc., gathered in my heart. Especially worried about "slowness" and "sickness", and feeling sorry for "Juan Ai" not "answering".

The first three couplets of this poem describe the changing process of thoughts and feelings during ambition, that is, from outward observation to inward inspection. The last couplet points out the reason for changing from extroversion to introversion. In terms of artistic structure, it is quite controllable and free.

Comments

This poem was written in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty by Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty (761). At that time, the Tubo rebelled on the border of Sichuan, and the author lived in a thatched cottage. With the title of "Ambition", he expressed a This is a sad feeling of feeling sad about the current situation, worrying about the country and family, and missing my brothers. This poem is based on the scenery, worrying about the times and the country. The language is simple and the emotions are deep.

The first couplet of the poem describes the scenery of Xishan and Jinjiang seen during the period of ambition; the chin couplet associates the ambition with the separation of brothers and wandering around the world alone; the neck couplet expresses the feeling of being too sick to serve the country in old age; the last couplet writes about ambition ways and deep worries about home and country.

“Three cities are garrisoned with white snow in the West Mountain, and there are thousands of miles of bridges on the Qingjiang River in Nanpu.” Looking at the vast Minshan Mountain in the distance, it is covered with snow all year round. (Today's northwest of Xinbaoguan, Li County, Sichuan Province) There are heavy troops garrisoned in the three cities; up close, Baihuatan in the southern suburbs is crystal clear, the clear water of Jinjiang River flows eastward, and the Wanli Bridge spans the rolling waves of the river.

"The wind and dust in the world separate our brothers, and the tears in the world are far away." There have been wars in the country for many years, and several brothers living in Henan and Shandong have been cut off from each other; they are drifting to the end of the world, far away from home, and I am alone here. , so sad.

"I can only give my twilight years to my sickly body, and I have not been able to answer the holy pilgrimage." Do your best for the country. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 Tang Poems column of "Xi Gutang Chinese Studies Network".

“When I ride out on horseback, I can’t bear to see how depressed people are.” When I ride a horse alone on an outing, I often look far into the distance and see how depressed things are day by day, which can’t help but make me sad.

Introduction to the author

Du Fu (712-770), also known as Zimei, also known as Shaoling Yelao, also known as Du Lingye Lao, Duling Buyi, Han nationality, his ancestral home is Xiangyang, Xiangzhou ( Xiangyang, Hubei Province today), is generally believed to have been born in Gong County (Gongyi County, Henan Province today). A great realist poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His representative works include "Three Officials" ("Xin'an Officials", "Shihao Officials", "Tongguan Officials"), "Three Farewells" ("Newlywed Farewell", "Elderly Farewell", "No Home Farewell"), etc. The grandson of Du Shenyi, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, official Zuo collected the artifacts. After he entered Shu, his friend Yan Wu recommended him to be a staff officer of Jiannan Jiedu Mansion and a member of the school's Ministry of Industry. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. He was concerned about the country and the people, and had a noble personality. He wrote more than 1,500 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite. He was honored as the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations.

Du Fu is a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty of my country and a world cultural celebrity. It experienced the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu and Li Bai are collectively known as "Li Du". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, who are "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively known as "Big Li Du", and Du Fu is also often called "Old Du". Du Fu and Du Mu are distant relatives, and they are both descendants of Du Yu, the general who destroyed Sun Wu in the Jin Dynasty (Du Fu is the 20th grandson of Du Yu). In Du Fu's middle age, because of his melancholy poetic style and concern for the country and the people, Du Fu's poems were called "the history of poetry". Although Du Fu was not known to the world at that time, after later research, his works eventually had a profound impact on Chinese literature and Japanese literature. About 1,500 of his poems have been preserved, and the collection of his works is "Du Gongbu Collection". His influence on Chinese classical poetry was very profound. He was called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations, and his poems were called "epics". For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 Tang Poems column of "Xi Gutang Chinese Studies Network".

Du Fu's poetry is famous for its ancient style and rhythmic poetry, with various styles. The four words "depressed and frustrated" accurately summarize the style of his own works, and the main style is melancholy. Du Fu lived during the historical period when the Tang Dynasty was transitioning from prosperity to decline. His poems mostly dealt with social unrest, political darkness, and people's suffering. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's suffering at that time, so they were known as the "history of poetry." Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills.

Du Fu wrote more than 1,500 poems in his life, many of which are famous poems that have been passed down through the ages, such as "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", and "Du Gongbu Collection" has been handed down to the world; among them, "Three Officials" is "Shi Hao" Officials", "Xin'an Officials" and "Tongguan Officials", the "three farewells" are "Newlywed Farewell", "Homeless Farewell" and "Elderly Farewell". Du Fu's poems have the largest and most widespread circulation among Tang poems. He is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty and has a profound influence on later generations.

Jin Shengtan, a literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty, compared Du Fu's poems with Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", Zhuang Zhou's "Zhuangzi", Sima Qian's

"Historical Records", Shi Naian's "Water Margin" by Wang Shifu and "The Romance of the West Chamber" by Wang Shifu are collectively known as the "Book of Six Talents". In contemporary times, Du Fu's loyalty to the country and concern for the people have been reinterpreted as the meaning of nationalism and socialism, and he himself has been appreciated by modern researchers for using the "language of the people."

Du Fu is not only famous in China, but also famous overseas. In 1481, Korea translated Du's poems into Korean and called it "Explanation of Du's Poems and Proverbs". His influence on Japanese literature was relatively late, and until the seventeenth century he was as famous in Japan as he was in China. Du Fu had a particularly profound influence on Matsuo Basho. Du Fu is also the favorite writer of American writer Kenneth

Rexroth.