Appreciation of the original text and translation of Li Yu's "Poppy When Will the Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come?"

Poppy · When will the spring flowers and autumn moon come? Original text:

When will the spring flowers and autumn moon come? How much do you know about the past? There was an east wind in the small building last night, and the motherland could not bear to look back at the bright moon. The carved railings and jade masonry should still be there, but the beauty has changed. How much sorrow can you have? Just like a river of spring water flowing eastward. (Diaolan Pass: Lan) Poppy: When Will Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come? Translation and annotations

Translation: When will this year's time come to an end? How many past events do we know! Last night, the spring breeze blew again from the small building. How could I bear the pain of recalling my homeland on this bright moonlit night? The finely carved railings and jade steps should still be there, but the person I miss is already aging. Ask me how much sadness is in my heart, just like the endless spring water flowing eastward.

Note: This tune was originally composed by Tang Jiaofang. It was first chanted about Xiang Yu’s beloved concubine Poppy, who was named after a flower that bloomed underground after her death. It is also known as "Spring Water of a River", "Jade Pot Water", "Twelve Peaks of Wushan", etc. Double tone, fifty-six characters, four sentences each in the upper and lower parts, all with two oblique rhymes converted into two flat rhymes. 了: ended, finished. Build: steps. Carved railings and jade inlays: refers to the Forbidden City of the Southern Tang Dynasty in Jinling. Ying You: One word is "still". Zhu Yangai: refers to the person one misses has aged. Jun: The author calls himself. Neng: It can also be used as "du", "that", "huan", "but". "Poppy Poppies" Appreciation of "When Will Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come"

"Poppy Poppies" is Li Yu's masterpiece and also the final words of Empress Li. According to legend, on the night of his birthday (July 7th) ("Qixi Festival"), he ordered singers to make music in his residence and sing the lyrics of his new work "Poppy Poppies", which was heard outside the country. Song Taizong was furious when he heard this and ordered people to give him medicinal wine to poison him to death. This poem expresses the endless sorrow of a subjugated king through the contrast between the past and the present.

"When are the spring flowers and autumn moon, how much do we know about the past!" The spring flowers bloom, the Mid-Autumn moon is full, the years are constantly changing, how beautiful life is. But when will my miserable years as a prisoner end? "When will the spring flowers and autumn moon come" indicates that the poet is a prisoner and is afraid that the spring flowers and autumn moon will bring back memories of the past and make him sad. Looking back on the past, as a king, how did you do many things in the past? How did you get to where you are today? According to historical records, when Li Yu was the king, he indulged in sensuality every day, ignored the government affairs, and killed remonstrating ministers in vain... Through this poem, it is not difficult to see that this late master of the Southern Tang Dynasty, who was reduced from a powerful king to a prisoner, At this moment, there is not only sorrow and indignation in my heart, but also some regret. "The east wind blows again last night in the small building, and the motherland cannot bear to look back in the bright moon." The small building that lives in an ignoble existence is blown by the spring breeze again, and the spring flowers are about to bloom again. Recalling the dynasty of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Li family's country - my homeland had long been destroyed. The poet lives in a prison cell, listening to the spring breeze, looking at the bright moon, feeling emotional about the scene, full of melancholy, and unable to sleep at night. The word "again" indicates that this situation has occurred many times, and the mental pain is really unbearable. "Again" points out the temporal changes of "Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon". The poet lived in the Song Dynasty for another year, which intensified the melancholy expressed in the previous two sentences and also evoked the poet's memories of the past events of his motherland.

"The carved railings and jade structures should still be there, but the beauty has changed." Although "the motherland cannot bear to look back," it cannot but "look back." These two sentences specifically say "looking back" and "homeland" - the gorgeous palace in the old capital Jinling is probably still there, but the beauty of the palace ladies who mourned the country has changed. This implies Empress Li’s emotion about the land changing its surname and the mountains and rivers changing color! The word "beautiful face" here certainly refers to the pink beauties in the palace in the past, but it is also a symbol of all the beautiful things and beautiful life in the past. In the above six sentences, the poet tried his best to integrate the contrast between beauty and tragedy, past and present, scenery and personnel. Especially through the strong contrast between the eternity of nature and the vicissitudes of personnel, he poured out the sorrow and regret accumulated in his chest in a twists and turns. , condensed into the final eternal song - "How much sorrow can you ask? Just like a river of spring water flowing eastward." The poet first used thought-provoking questions to point out the abstract ontology "sorrow", and then used vivid words The metaphor of flowing river "water" answers. Using the spring water of the river to describe the sorrow and hatred is very appropriate. It not only shows the long and profound sorrow and hatred, but also shows the turbulent rolling of the sorrow and hatred, fully reflecting the strength and depth of the rushing emotions. The whole poem uses clear, concise, beautiful and fresh language, and uses various rhetorical techniques such as metaphor, contrast, and questioning to highly summarize and vividly express the poet's true feelings. No wonder the predecessors praised Li Yu's lyrics as "a song of blood and tears", "one word for each bead".

The whole poem is a false answer, and in the question and answer, it is closely linked to looking back on the past, expressing feelings about the past and the past. The writing is natural and flowing, and finally enters a realm where the words are exhausted and the meaning is endless, making the poem appear broad and majestic. Background of the creation of "When Will the Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come"

This poem and "Langtaosha·Gurgling Rain Outside the Curtain" were both written before Li Yu was poisoned to death, in the third year of the Taiping Xingguo reign of Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty (978) , it had been nearly three years since Li Yu returned to the Song Dynasty. In the eighth year of the Kaibao reign of Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty (975), the Song army captured Jinling, the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu surrendered and the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed. Three years later, that is, the third year of Taiping and Xingguo, Xu Xuan visited Li Yu on the order of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty. Li Yu sighed to Xu Xuan: "I killed Pan You and Li Ping by mistake, and I regretted it endlessly!" Probably in this state of mind, Li Yu I wrote the poem "Poppy Beauty". Poppy Poppy·When Will the Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come Appreciation 2

Jiang Yayun

As a monarch who was "lovely and unconcerned with political affairs", Li Yu failed; but it was the subjugation of the country that made him eternal. The "King of the South" in the world of Ci (a phrase from Shen Xiong's "Ancient and Modern Ci" in the Qing Dynasty). As the saying goes, "The country is unlucky and the poet is lucky; his words reflect the vicissitudes of life and begin to work." "Poem Poppy" is a famous poem that has been recited through the ages.

This poem depicts a strong longing for the motherland and achieves an artistic effect that is astonishing and makes ghosts and gods weep. "Spring flowers and autumn moon", the things that most easily evoke people's beautiful associations, made Li Yu even more troubled. He complained to the sky: flowers bloom every spring, and the moon is full every autumn, when will it end? Reading it in one sentence makes people curious. But as long as we put ourselves in the poet's shoes and imagine the situation of the poet, it is not difficult to understand: a subjugated king who is on a knife's edge, these beautiful things will only make him sad and evoke endless memories of the beautiful life in the past. Comparing the present and the past only makes me sad. Tian Tian was silent and asked himself, "How much do you know about the past?" "Past" should refer to the good life when you were a king in the past, but everything has disappeared and turned into illusion. Spring in nature comes and goes, but why does spring in life never come back? "Last night, there was an east wind in the small building, and the motherland could not bear to look back in the bright moon." The "east wind" brought the message of spring, but it caused the poet to lament that he "cannot bear to look back". "The sound of the country's subjugation makes me sad to think about it." This is probably the only way it can be. Let us imagine: It is a quiet night, the moon is bright and the breeze is bright. The sleepless people imprisoned in the small building can't help but lean on the railing and look far away, facing the direction of their hometown. How much sadness comes to their hearts. Who can endure this? What's the taste? How many helpless and sad feelings are contained in the word "again"! The east wind blows in again, and it can be seen that the spring flowers and autumn moon have not ended and will continue; but I still have to linger and go through all the pain and torture. "The motherland cannot bear to look back at the bright moon" is the inversion of "the motherland cannot bear to look back at the moonlight". "It's too bad to look back", but I have looked back after all. Looking back, "the carved railings and jade structures should still be there, but the beauty has changed." In imagination, the land of the motherland and the old palaces are still there, but things have changed, people have changed, and the land has changed owners. When I think about it, there is a lot of sadness and hatred in it. The word "just" is expressed in a sighing tone, conveying a feeling of infinite regret.

The above six sentences are quite original in structure. He repeatedly uses two-phase comparisons and echoes between sentences to repeatedly emphasize the reincarnation of nature and the transience of life. It is full of philosophical meaning and profound emotion. The first two or two sentences compare the endless spring flowers and autumn moon with the irreversible loss of human affairs; the third and fourth sentences contrast between "the east wind comes again" and "the motherland cannot bear to look back"; the fifth and sixth sentences "should still be here" and "change" contrast. "Dongfeng again" and "Yingyuzai" echo "when"; "Can't bear to look back" and "Zhu Yangai" echo "past events". Such contrasts and loops vividly convey the ups and downs and worries in the poet's mind.

In the end, the poet's anger was no longer under control, and he merged into the famous line "How much sorrow can you have? It's like a river of spring water flowing eastward." Using water to represent sorrow can be said to be "there are ancient people before us, and there are people who come after us." Liu Yuxi's "Bamboo Branch Poems" "The water flow is infinite like a farmer's sorrow", Qin Guan's "Jiangchengzi·Xicheng Willows Make Spring Soft" "The spring river is full of tears, endless flow, and many sorrows." These poems may be understatement, or they may be explicit. None of them are as touching as "like a river of spring water flowing eastward", the so-called "truly sad words". Comparing sorrow to "a river of spring water" makes abstract emotions appear vivid and tangible. Sorrow and thoughts are like the spring water that overflows and pours out unrestrainedly; it is also like the spring water that never abandons day and night, flowing eastward endlessly. Formally, the nine characters alternate between oblique and oblique, which sounds like the continuous ups and downs of a river full of spring water. It fully expresses the depth and intensity of emotions in the rising flow.

Concluding with such emotive words greatly enhances the appeal of the work. When the book is closed, the reader seems to be overwhelmed by this endless sorrow.

The whole poem expresses the pain of country subjugation, with profound artistic conception, sincere feelings, exquisite structure and fresh language; although the poem is short, it has endless aftertaste. No wonder Wang Guowei commented like this: "There are sentences but no chapters in the poetry of the Tang and Five Dynasties. There are chapters but no sentences in the poetry of famous writers in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are chapters and sentences, only those written by Empress Li after he came to the Song Dynasty, and Yongshu and Zi "Zhan, Shaoyou, Meicheng, and Jiaxuan are just a few people." (Deleted Draft No. 40 of "Human Ci Hua") (Jiang Yayun) Appreciation of "When Will Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come? No. 4"

This is a song. In the Elegy of Life, the author contrasts the sharp contradictions between the eternity of nature and the impermanence of life, expressing the sadness of feeling the loss of life after the subjugation of the country. The words are sobbed and unbearable to read. The romantic flowers in spring and the noble moon in autumn should make everyone happy, but for the prisoners below, they are no longer interesting. Although the word "when" is a strange question, it actually contains two meanings: when did the past years end? When will the remaining life after the disaster end? This shows his determination towards life. "The east wind blew again in the small building last night" more concretely confirms the fact that the spring flowers and autumn moon will never end. From the small building to the homeland, the four words "cannot bear to look back" are words that bleed in my heart. "Yue Mingzhong" not only echoes the "moon" in the sentence "Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon", but also shrouds the small building, homeland, life, etc. in the eternal moonlight. Therefore, Li Yu's personal sorrow is naturally close to the great sorrow of mankind. . Changing the head to inherit the bright moon of the motherland points out the meaning of right and wrong. The six sentences in the poem up to this point are all contrasted in pairs, creating a huge contrast between eternity and impermanence, expressing the author's thinking on the relationship between the universe and life. But the weak Li Yu can no longer inspire aggressive passion. He can only indulge in his sad mood before making a decision with life, allowing himself to indulge in this boundless life tragedy and quietly waiting for the end of his life. The music begins. The two sentences at the end of the poem are self-questioning and answering, using concrete flowing water as a metaphor for abstract sorrow, and writing about the boundless, endless, endless and unstoppable sorrow. Li Yu has used water as a metaphor for sorrow many times before, but this sentence is not only novel and warning, but also both appropriate and powerful. So it became a famous sentence. You can read with Li Qi "please measure the sea water in the East to see the depth and depth of sorrow"; Liu Yuxi "the spring water of Shujiang River beats the mountain stream, and the water flow is infinite like Neng?"; Tang Guizhang's "Critical Biography of Empress Li" pointed out: "As the leader of the country, his wealth and prosperity reached the extreme; but when the country was destroyed and the prosperity faded, he could not look back and his sorrow reached the extreme. It was precisely because he experienced this extreme joy and sorrow alone, His harvest in literature is particularly glorious and great. In the words of joy, we see beautiful flowers; in the words of sadness, we see streaks of blood and tears. Shiliao Reference Lesson Plan

Teaching Objectives: 1. Put Li Yu’s words into the context of ancient Chinese imperial poetry and literature to appreciate, and increase its cultural charm and historical weight. 2. The combination of essays on knowing people and reading literature makes this lesson not only focus on the analysis of poetry techniques and language, but also tends to explore the inherent humanistic spirit of poetry. Teaching time: 1 class hour

1. Introduction: 1. At that end of history, several emperors occasionally picked up their pens and wrote some rhyming or non-rhyming sentences that expressed the emotions of the characters, which naturally aroused people to read more. This has resulted in the formation of a very unique and long-standing culture - ancient Chinese imperial literature. As a masterpiece of imperial poetry, the "Song of the Great Wind" written by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty should be praised. The strong wind is blowing and the clouds are flying. The powerful warriors are returning to their hometown in the sea, and the warriors are guarding the four directions. The whole poem expresses one's feelings directly, with a high tone and powerful momentum, which is a good start for imperial poetry. It is a pity that the emperor who was about to conquer the world did not pay much attention to poetry and prose. Apart from this work, his other achievements were limited. Among the emperors, the most talented one was Empress Li. Today, we will experience the lyricism of this empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty. 2. Background and author introduction 1. Zhao Yiyou's poem in the Qing Dynasty: "Talented people have emerged from every generation, and each has led the army for hundreds of years." Tang poetry was followed by Song poetry. Poets had already written all the good poems in the Tang Dynasty, but the literati of the Song Dynasty found another way to perfect the literary form of poetry and achieve unprecedented prosperity, making Song poetry another shining star in our country's cultural treasure house. Pearl. 2. Li Yu was the most accomplished poet of the Five Dynasties. He is also a first-class person in the entire history of ci.

In the first half of his life, Li Yu, as the king of the Southern Tang Dynasty, lived a very luxurious and extravagant life. The themes of his poems were narrow, and they were nothing more than expressing palace life, love affairs between men and women, or sadness about separation. After the country was subjugated, his lonely and desolate situation turned his poetry to writing about homesickness and hatred of the country's subjugation, and he achieved great success. "Poppy Poppies" is one of the most famous. On his birthday, July 7, 978 (Chinese Valentine's Day), he and his family sang his new poem "Poppy Beauty", which angered the Song Dynasty Emperor Zhao Guangyi and ordered him to be poisoned. Li Yu died miserably, at the age of forty-one. 3. Question: So what exactly is this poem? Will it lead to death?

2. Reading 1. When learning poetry, start with reciting it. Invite two students to read this poem aloud. During the listening and reading process, other students should pay attention to comparison and evaluate who reads better. (One boy and one girl read) 2. How do they read? What kind of emotion should it be? ——Low, desolate, with twists and turns in the tone 3. How can we deal with the author's emotions well? A. Grasp the rhythm: "The tone can be made up of four characters, or up, two, down, or seven, but in the end it is better to be consistent." B. Grasp the words: when, how much, and, unbearable, should, just, how many. These words can especially express the poet's inner world of pain. 4. Try reading again. (Relaxing from one piece to the next, each meal from time to time, seems to have brought me into that sad world. This is the most emotional and high-quality recitation. Are there any classmates who challenge him?) 5. Listen to the recording. Read along in a low voice. 5. Recite together. When reciting, try to see the scene in the words before your eyes.

3. Analysis 1. To read aloud well, you must grasp the emotional core of the whole word. Please tell me which word in the text can sum up the emotion of the whole text. 2. Let’s talk about Li Yu’s worries. (Written on the blackboard "Sorrow") A. Sigh of the past; B. Hatred of country subjugation; loss of leaving the throne of the monarch, no happiness of wives and concubines, and the family has been torn apart. Nostalgic for the past, fate is getting worse and worse. C. The pain of leaving home 3. These layers of sorrow are overwhelming and come one after another. It is really "this time, how can there be a word of sorrow"! It’s really an infinite sadness that “continues to be cut, and the rationale remains chaotic.” Although it is real, it is too abstract after all. So, let me ask you, 4. How does the author write about "sadness"? Choose typical scenery, such as spring flowers and autumn moon to express sadness. (Spring flowers and autumn moon are beautiful things, can they directly express sadness? The famous sentence at the end uses metaphors to describe abstract feelings very vividly. The combination of virtual and real. The memories of the past cause the current sorrow, which is virtual in the past and real in the latter. Spring flowers Autumn moon, past events, small building, east wind, motherland, bright moon, jade railings, beautiful faces, river spring water. The author uses so many images to create a vivid picture: spring flowers and autumn moon, small building with east wind, motherland Pictures of the bright moon, etc. A. Comparison of spring flowers, autumn moon and past events (rich clothes and food, beauties in the harem, dignity, freedom, security of survival, etc.) / contrast between the east wind of the small building and the bright moon of the motherland / jade railings and the changed beauty. ——It's true that "things have changed and people have changed" - thinking about the country B, "I can't bear to look back on my homeland in the bright moon" "When will the spring flowers and autumn moon come" - the accumulated meaning of the image of "moon" (missing my hometown, missing my relatives, etc.). "Look up at the bright moon, lower your head to think about your hometown" "The moon is the brightness of your hometown" "The bright moon shines on the sea, the end of the world is at this time" Summary: It can be said that it is a metaphor for tears and a comparison of emotions. In addition to comparison and metaphor, the author's questions are also. It is also very unique. First ask the sky: "When did the spring flowers and autumn moon come?" Then ask people: "How much do you know about the past?" Finally, ask yourself: "How much sorrow can I ask you?" It can be said that you should not ask the sky. Asking everyone doesn't know, asking myself with tears. The layers are layered, twists and turns, and finally ends with "A river of spring water", how can this be a river of sorrow and bitterness, which brings the lyricism to the extreme? . 5. What kind of poem is this that can lead to death? This poem expresses the love of a fallen king who never forgets the good life in the past. He never forgets that the east wind blows from his homeland and the spring water flows to his hometown. Yun, does this mean "returning to the homeland" in Song Taizu's opinion? It can be said that the two characters "east" ruined the lives of a generation of literary masters.

IV. Comment 1. , I also want to ask: What do the students think of Li Yu's "sorrow"? This is the sadness of a feudal emperor, and he is not worthy of sympathy. Who calls him a slut and a loser? / I think this sadness is beautiful. Very humane and humane. / I am also "sad for his misfortune and angry for his inability to fight".

Let me tell you my opinion: I have no time to blame him for losing the beautiful mountains and rivers of the Southern Tang Dynasty because of his indulgence. What I feel is his civilian-like lyricism after taking off his imperial cloak. "Asking you how much sorrow you can have is like a river of spring water flowing eastward." This approach of transforming the sorrows of the Flower Emperor into the sorrows of mortals has deeply influenced Li Yu's readers from the aesthetic point of view throughout the ages. Looking back through the aesthetic channel, we can see Li Yu's unique despair like heaven and purgatory, the great sorrow of suffering and romance, the sigh-like eyes, and the melancholy like lilacs - if we say, we have to sympathize with Li Yu. If so, it can only be aesthetic sympathy, not moral pity. 2. There are many poets who are masters of "writing about sorrow", such as Kou Zhun, "Sorrow is as constant as spring water" ("Yedu Niang"); Qin Guan, "The spring river is filled with tears, endless flow, and many sorrows" ("Jiang Chengzi") ); Li Qingzhao "I'm afraid that the boat on Shuangxi will not be able to carry many sorrows" ("Wulingchun"), etc. I secretly think that they are either not "lively" enough, or not "implicit and profound" enough, and the artistic conception of "sorrow" is not as good as that of the post-subject word. The author turns a mood of melancholy into tangible water, which is endless, boundless, rich and heavy. This is not a river, it is clearly a drop of Li Yu's tears carrying sadness. In this metaphor, a river of spring water is a river of sorrow and a river of bitterness. Metaphors give boundless breadth to the emotions expressed. 3. Later generations concluded that the style of this poem is sad and beautiful. Why do Li Yu's poems seem so sad and beautiful? From the "red brocade lichen" empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty to the prisoner of the Song Dynasty who "cannot bear to look back on his motherland", the poet Li Yu's life experience in heaven and earth declined and the great sorrow in his heart are definitely not something that ordinary people can understand. If we take the subjugation of the country as the dividing line and compare Li Yu's early and late lyrics, can we say that it was the price of the subjugation of the country that made him a great poet who can be traced back to Tang poetry? This also reminds me of the classic poems in "Ode in Tribute to Qu Yuan": King Wen was restrained and performed "The Book of Changes"; Zhongnieu composed "Spring and Autumn"; Qu Yuan was exiled and wrote "Li Sao"; Zuo Qiuming was blind and wrote "Li Sao" "Mandarin"; Sun Tzu's Bijiao, The Art of War; Li Yu's later poems mostly reflected the poet's inner pain of national subjugation, sublimating the individual sorrow and separation in traditional poetry into longing for his homeland, and his realm was broad-minded. And profound. Wang Guowei commented, "The poems written by the Empress are really based on ***." A brief analysis of "When Will the Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come"

This poem was probably written in the third year after Li Yu returned to the Song Dynasty. Year. The poem reveals undisguised longing for the motherland, which is said to be one of the reasons that prompted Song Taizong to order Li Yu to be poisoned. Then, it is tantamount to Li Yu's final words. The whole poem starts with a question and ends with an answer; from asking about heaven and people to asking about oneself, through the sad and exciting tone and the twists and turns and free-flowing artistic structure, the author's melancholy thoughts are expressed throughout. Create a refreshing aesthetic effect. Admittedly, Li Yu's longing for his motherland may not be worthy of sympathy. The past events he misses are inseparable from the imperial life of "carved railings and jade walls" and the palace secrets of personal affairs. However, this popular masterpiece is indeed unique in art: many people think of "Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon" as beautiful, but the author earnestly hopes that it will "end" soon; the "east wind" in the small building brings the message of spring, but on the contrary it causes The author's "unable to look back" laments, because they all evoked the author's feelings about the right and wrong of characters, and brought out his sorrow of being imprisoned in a foreign country. They are used to describe the story of the leader of the Jiangnan Kingdom who was surrounded by pearls and greenery and cooked gold and jade. The author's state of mind, who became a prisoner of Changge and cried, is real and profound. The concluding sentence "A river of spring water flows eastward" is a famous sentence that uses water as a metaphor for sorrow, implicitly showing the endless flow of sorrow and thoughts. Compared with it, Liu Yuxi's "Bamboo Branch Diao" "the water flows endlessly like Nong's sorrow", which is a little too straightforward, while Qin Guan's "Jiangchengzi" "is like a spring river filled with tears, endless flow, and many sorrows", which is also fair. Too much, but weakens the touching power. It can be said that the reason why Li Yu's words have aroused widespread popularity is, to a large extent, due to the contagious and symbolic metaphor used in the concluding sentence, which makes the sorrowful thoughts both visual and abstract. : The author did not clearly write down the true connotation of his melancholy - nostalgic for the hedonistic life of the past, but only showed its external form - "just like a river of spring water flowing eastward. In this way, people can easily get some kind of spirituality from it and use it to express similar emotions, because although people's sorrows have different connotations, they can all have an external form like "a river of spring water flowing eastward." Since "images are often greater than thoughts," Li Yu's words can have a wide range of resonance and have been passed down through the ages.

Appreciation of Poppy Poppies: When Will the Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come?

The reason why Li Yu's words can arouse widespread popularity is, to a large extent, due to the contagious and symbolic metaphor at the end of the sentence. , writes the sorrow in a both visual and abstract way: the author does not clearly write down the true connotation of his sorrow - nostalgic for the hedonistic life of the past, but only shows its external form - "just like a river of spring water flowing to the river." In this way, people can easily get some spiritual echo from it and use it to express their similar emotions, because although people's worries have different connotations, they can all have the same meaning as "a river of spring water flows eastward." external form. Since "images are often greater than thoughts," Li Yu's words can have a wide range of resonance and have been passed down through the ages.

Li Yu’s longing for his homeland may not be worthy of sympathy. The past events he misses are inseparable from the imperial life of "carved railings and jade buildings" and the secrets of the palace with daily affairs. But this popular masterpiece is indeed unique in art:

"When will the spring flowers and autumn moon come" shows that the poet is a prisoner and is afraid that the spring flowers and autumn moon will bring back memories of the past and make him sad. "Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon" is a beautiful thing for many people, but the author earnestly hopes that it will "end" soon; the "east wind" in the small building brings the message of spring, but instead causes the author to lament that "it is unbearable to look back", because they all evoke the author's characters. The touch of right and wrong brings out his sorrow of being imprisoned in a foreign country. It is used to describe the author's state of mind when the leader of Jiangnan, who was surrounded by pearls and greenery and cooked gold and jade, was transformed into a prisoner who sang and cried. And profound. "How much do you know about the past?" Looking back on the past, as a king, many things in the past are vividly remembered. According to historical records, when Li Yu was the king, he indulged in sensuality every day, ignored the government affairs, and killed remonstrating ministers in vain... Through this poem, it is not difficult to see that the emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, who was reduced from a powerful king to a prisoner, at this moment There is not only sorrow and indignation in my heart, but also some regret. "The east wind blows again last night in the small building, and the motherland cannot bear to look back in the bright moon." The small building that lives in an ignoble existence is blown by the spring breeze again, and the spring flowers are about to bloom again. Recalling the dynasty of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Li family's country - my homeland had long been destroyed. The poet lives in a prison cell, listening to the spring breeze, looking at the bright moon, feeling emotional about the scene, full of melancholy, and unable to sleep at night. The word "again" indicates that this situation has occurred many times, and the mental pain is really unbearable. "Again" points out the temporal changes of "Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon". The poet lived in the Song Dynasty for another year, which intensified the melancholy expressed in the previous two sentences and also evoked the poet's memories of the past events of his motherland.

"The carved railings and jade brickwork should still be there, but the beauty has changed." Although "the motherland cannot bear to look back," it cannot but "look back." These two sentences specifically say "looking back" and "homeland" - the gorgeous palaces in the old capital Jinling are probably still there, but the beauty of the palace ladies who mourned the country has changed. This implies Empress Li’s emotion about the land changing its surname and the mountains and rivers changing color! The word "beautiful face" here certainly refers to the pink beauties in the palace in the past, but it is also a symbol of all the beautiful things and beautiful life in the past. In the above six sentences, the poet tried his best to integrate the contrast between beauty and tragedy, past and present, scenery and personnel. Especially through the strong contrast between the eternity of nature and the vicissitudes of personnel, he poured out the sorrow and regret accumulated in his chest in a twists and turns. , condensed into the final eternal song - "How much sorrow can you ask? Just like a river of spring water flowing eastward." The poet first used thought-provoking questions to point out the abstract ontology "sorrow", and then used vivid words The metaphor of flowing river "water" answers. Using the spring water of the river to describe the sorrow and hatred is very appropriate. It not only shows the long and profound sorrow and hatred, but also shows the turbulent rolling of the sorrow and hatred, fully reflecting the strength and depth of the rushing emotions. Compared with it, Liu Yuxi's "Bamboo Branch Diao" "the water flows endlessly like Nong's sorrow", which is a little too straightforward, while Qin Guan's "Jiangchengzi" "is like a spring river filled with tears, endless flow, and many sorrows", which is also fair. Too much, but weakens the touching power.

The whole poem uses clear, concise, beautiful and fresh language, and uses various rhetorical techniques such as metaphor, comparison, contrast, and questioning to highly summarize and vividly express the poet's true feelings. Poppy: When Will Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon Come Appreciation Three

Tian Deyi

This poem was written by Li Yu after he was captured in Bianjing. It begins by saying, when will the beautiful time of spring flowers and autumn moon end? Because as soon as I see the spring flowers and the autumn moon, countless past memories come to my mind. I think of the beautiful days of admiring the spring flowers and the autumn moon in the Southern Tang Dynasty. I can't bear to look back, so I am afraid of seeing the spring flowers and the autumn moon. On a moonlit night blown by the east wind, life in Jinling's homeland was unbearable to look back on.

The carved railings and jade masonry of the palace there should still be there, but the people's appearance has become haggard due to sorrow. If you want to ask how much sorrow there is, it is just like a river of spring water flowing eastward, endless. Yijiang refers to the Yangtze River, and the spring water of Yijiang is used to compare sorrow. It is combined with Jinling, the hometown of the Southern Tang Dynasty, on the bank of the Yangtze River, and is full of nostalgia for the motherland. Wang Liao of the Song Dynasty wrote in the volume of "Mo Ji": "The emperor was also conferring the title, and because of the Chinese Valentine's Day, he ordered prostitutes to have fun, which was heard outside. When Taizong heard about it, he was furious. It was also reported that "there was an east wind in the small building last night" and "a "The Spring Water of the River Flows East", sat together, and was misfortune. "Wang Guowei's "Human Words": "Nietzsche said that all literature is based on poetry. The latter's poetry is really called poetry. * The words of Emperor Daojun of the Song Dynasty (Huizong) are also slightly similar to this. However, Daojun is just a relative of Zi Dao, and the latter is like Sakyamuni, and the meaning of Christ is to bear the sins of mankind. "Li Yu was poisoned to death, which was related to his writing of this poem. It was really written in blood. The so-called "Sakyamuni and Christ have the meaning of bearing the sins of mankind", that is to say, Li Yu's words not only describe his personal sorrow, but also are extremely general, summarizing the pain of all people who are suffering from the pain of national subjugation. Emotions: For example, you are afraid of seeing spring flowers and autumn moon, or you are afraid of thinking of the beautiful life in the past. It’s like the beautiful scenery of our motherland can no longer be recalled. The scenery of the motherland, such as carved railings and jade inlays, is still there, but people's faces have changed due to sorrow. This also includes changes in personnel and changes in people's master-slave relationship. Another example is to compare sorrow with a river of spring water. The whole poem reflects the feelings of people who are suffering from the pain of national subjugation, and bears the emotional pain of all these people. This just shows that this poem is highly general and representative, which is the outstanding achievement of this poem.

He said: "I asked you how much sorrow you still have, just like a river of spring water flowing eastward." After a little melting, it was already wonderful. When Kou Lai Gong (Zhun) said, "Sorrows are constantly like spring water" ("Yedu Niang"), Shaoyou (Qin Guan) said, "Thousands of falling reds are as sad as the sea" ("Qianqiu Sui"), and the blue is better than the blue." Here the poem is compared with "a river of spring water flowing eastward". Chou commented. Li Bai's poem about farewell can be compared to the poem "Dongliu Shui". The poem was written in Jinling, and "Dongliu Shui" refers to the Yangtze River. Li Yu's poems were written while he was detained in Bianjing. He could not see the Yangtze River, and the Yangtze River became a part of his nostalgia for his homeland. Therefore, Li Bai's poems are compared with the things in front of him, and Li Yu's poems are compared with the Yangtze River far away from him. In this metaphor, there is a feeling of longing for the motherland, and the emotion is deeper. Besides, the image of "a river of spring water flowing eastward" is more vivid than that of "water flowing eastward". In addition, "water flowing in the east" is "short and long" compared to "farewell", and "a river of spring water flows eastward" is compared to endless sorrow. This is the difference between the two, which shows that Li Yu's pain for his homeland is deeper and is not a "slightly melting point". Kou Zhun's words: "When I look at Tingzhou at dusk, the tenderness is as constant as spring water." This uses spring water to compare tenderness. This tenderness also means farewell. It has the same meaning as Li Bai's sentence. It can be said to be an imitation of Li Bai's meaning. "Like spring water" cannot be compared with Li Yu's words. Qin Guan's words: "Spring is gone, and all the falling reds are as sad as the sea." It expresses the parting mood of "parting and undressing", coupled with the sadness of spring, and the haggardness of "the beauty in the mirror changes", it is paired with "Ten thousand points of falling red" is indeed a famous saying. However, Li Yu's poems write about the pain of country subjugation, which is deeper than the emotion of separation. He also writes about "Zhu Yan Gai", which is combined with the pain of country subjugation. In addition, the image of "a river of spring water flowing eastward" is vivid and magnificent. From emotion to image, Qin Guan's words and sentences cannot compare. (Tian Deyi)

Poetry works: Poppy · When will the spring flowers and autumn moon begin? Poetry author: Li Yu of the Five Dynasties Poetry classification: Three Hundred Song Poems, gracefulness, longing, exclamation, philosophy