What are the important branches of Song poetry in Chinese literature, and the representative poetry works of each school?

1. Huajian Ci School

Huajian Ci School was born in the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. As one of the earliest schools, Huajian Ci School occupies an important position in the history of Ci development. Huge impact. In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the relatively stable social environment in the south provided favorable external conditions for the development of Ci, and two Ci circles centers, namely Xishu and Southern Tang, emerged one after another. Zhao Chongzuo of the Five Dynasties wrote "Huajian Ci", which collected works by Wen Tingyun, Huangfusong, Sun Guangxian, Wei Zhuang, He Ning, Xue Zhaoyun, Niu Qiao, Zhang Bi, Mao Wenxi, Niu Xiji, Ouyang Jiong, Gu Wei, Wei Chengban, Lu Qianku, Yan Xuan 500 lyrics by , Yin E, Mao Xizhen, Li Xun and others. Among them, except Wen Tingyun, Huangfusong, and Sun Guangxian, they were all literati concentrated in Western Shu and were called the "Huajian School". The word "Huajian" in the Huajian School comes from the line "Huajian" by Zhang Bi, a poet in Huajian. Looking at the 18 poets of the Huajian Ci School, we can find that their works are colorful and express love. Most of them are written by so-called male poets in a "boudoir" style of writing about women's lives.

2. The Southern Tang Ci School

The Southern Tang poets mainly guided the two masters of the Tang Dynasty (the middle master Li Jing and the later master Li Yu) and Feng Yansi. Feng Yansi was knowledgeable and talented, and he was good at poetry. Although he was expensive and old, he was especially fond of writing Yuefu poems. The number of lyric works ranks first among the poets of the Five Dynasties. He not only started the style of poetry in the Southern Tang Dynasty, but also influenced poets such as Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty. Li Jing, the central leader of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was good at reading and had many talents. "As songs and poems, they are always in a coquettish way" and have high literary and artistic accomplishments. His lyrics are sincere in emotion, fresh in style, and uncarved in language, which had a certain influence on the poetry world of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Although Li Yu, the later leader of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was not knowledgeable about politics, his artistic talent was extraordinary. He is proficient in calligraphy, good at painting, proficient in music and rhythm, and has certain attainments in poetry and prose, especially his greatest achievements in poetry. His masterpieces include "Poppy Poppies", "Lang Tao Sha", "Crying in the Night", etc. Li Yu occupies an important position in the history of Chinese Ci. He is known as the "Eternal Ci Emperor" and has a great influence on later generations.

3. Yan Ou and Xiao Ling in the Early Northern Song Dynasty This refers to a period before Yan Shu entered the world of poetry or shortly after he started writing, about the late Zhenzong Dynasty and the early Renzong Dynasty (about 1040 AD) years ago). The works that have been handed down to this day are only dozens of poems by more than a dozen writers. Most of the works of writers of this period that have been handed down to this day are only one or three or five, and they only wrote them occasionally. Judging from the historical materials, notes and other records of Song people, this is the current situation of Ci creation at this stage. This is a period of depression and neglect in the creation of Song poetry, or it can be called the prelude stage of Song poetry creation. The more distinctive writers in this stage include Wang Yucheng, Kou Zhun, Pan Lang, Lin Bu, Song Qi, Fan Zhongyan and others.

The ancestor of Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty - Yan Shu (991-1055), named Tongshu, was born in Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Linchuan, Jiangxi). There are three volumes of "Zhuyu Ci" and more than 130 poems, almost all of which are short poems.

4. The development of Liu Yonghe’s slow poetry

The poets who came into contact with the creation of “slow poetry” relatively early include Ouyang Xiu, Zhang Xian, Liu Yong and others. The poet who had the greatest influence on the development of the slow Ci system was Liu Yong. Moreover, Liu Yong also developed the vulgar characteristics of Ci, making it in line with the aesthetic taste of the citizens, and created the "Vulgar Ci School". Liu Yong was a key figure in the development and transformation of Song Ci poetry. It was precisely because of the emergence of Liu Yong that the creation of Song poetry took a broader path. His creations showed bright prospects for the development of Song poetry. Liu Yong has devoted his whole life to the creation of lyrics. He is an all-rounder in the creation of lyrics. He is both creative and creative, and he fully demonstrates his innovative spirit in both creativity and composition.

5. Graceful School - Qin Guan, Li Qingzhao

Qin Guan was deeply influenced by Liu Yong's style of poetry and followed the creative path opened by Liu Yong. His slow poetry creation also achieved great results. Remarkable. Although the number of slow Ci poems preserved by Qin Guan is far less than that of Liu Yong, it has still reached a new height in terms of euphemistic romance and narrative development. Not only did he accept the influence of Liu Yong's Ci, he also comprehensively inherited the achievements of Tang and Five Dynasties Ci, especially the influence of Li Yu, Yan, Ou, Zhang Xian, Song Qi and others. In terms of content, Qin Guan's Ci follows the tradition of graceful Ci since Huajian. It mainly describes love, lovesickness, parting and relegation, and is rich in personal true feelings. Not only that, the love affairs and love affairs in his works are often intertwined with his personal unfortunate life experience, finally forming a kind of deep sadness unique to Qin Guan.

In this respect, he is very similar to Li Yu. It is not accidental that he uses more of Li Yu's words in his own words. He learned from Liu Yong and made further progress in slow poetry creation. But he did not follow Liu Yong's footsteps, but inherited and abandoned some. He inherited Liu Yong's narrative techniques and developed the expression skills of blending scenes in the narrative. At the same time, he paid special attention to weaving in the regret of his abnormal life experience, and deliberately avoided the vulgarity and vulgarity that appeared in some of Liu Yong's words. This makes Qin Guan's poetry form an elegant, solemn, smooth and graceful style.

6. The Bold and Bold School - Su Shi and Xin Qiji

In the Ci world of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi was the leader of innovation. He broke many conventions and expressed his free personality in his lyrics, which was summarized by people at the time as a revolution of "using poetry as lyrics". In this aspect, Su Shi did not conform to the aesthetic tastes of poets and critics at that time. However, it is precisely this breakthrough in tradition that reflects Su Shi's outstanding contribution to the poetry world of the Northern Song Dynasty. After Liu Yong, Su Shi had the greatest impact on the creation of Ci. His creation paved the way and laid the foundation for the emergence of the bold Ci school known for its masculine beauty. Su Shi was such an extremely individual, extremely talented, and innovative writer. In the field of poetry creation, he was certainly not willing to simply follow and imitate his predecessors, nor was he willing to embarrass himself to adapt to "passionate feelings" and Traditional creative frameworks such as "vaguely" cannot be reconciled to being placed below famous poets such as Liu Yong. He brought the spirit of the poetry innovation movement into the field of ci creation. He incorporated the content and subject matter of the poem into the ci, the style and artistic conception of the poem, and the poeticization of form and technique. He pursued unique artistic expression and became a leader in the ci world of the Northern Song Dynasty. The most revolutionary poet.

1. Representative works of the Huajian School

Wen Tingyun

: After washing up, I lean on Wangjiang Tower alone, and there are thousands of sails that pass by, and the slanting light pulses The pulse is long and watery, and the intestines are broken in Baiping Island.

: The fragrance of the jade stove and the tears of red wax illuminate the autumn thoughts of the painted hall. The eyebrows are green and thin, the temples are cloudy, and the night is long and the pillow is cold. The sycamore tree and the rain in the middle of the night represent the bitterness of separation and love. Leaf by leaf, sound by sound, the air drips into the sky.

Weizhuang

: On a spring trip, apricot blossoms are blowing all over the head, and there is a young and romantic family on the street, and I plan to marry and rest for the rest of my life. Even if you are ruthlessly abandoned, you cannot be ashamed.

2. The Southern Tang Ci School

Feng Yansi

Author: Feng Yansi

Visiting Kinmen

The Wind Blows Up , blowing a pool of spring water. I am leisurely inviting mandarin ducks to the fragrant path, and I am moving red apricot pistils with my hands.

The fighting duck leans alone on the railing, and the jasper scratches its head and falls sideways. I look forward to seeing you all day long, and I raise my head to hear the magpies rejoice.

Li Yu

Poppy

When did the spring flowers and autumn moon come? How much do you know about the past? There was an east wind in the small building last night, and the motherland could not bear to look back at the bright moon. The carved railings and jade masonry should still be there, but the beauty has changed. Asking you how much sorrow you can have is like a river of spring water flowing eastward.

3. Xiaoling

Yan Shu

Huanxisha

A new song with a glass of wine, the weather last year is the same pavilion, the sun sets in the west When will you return? Helplessly, the flowers fall away, and the familiar swallow returns. The fragrant path in the small garden wanders alone.

Yan Jidao

Bodhisattva Man

As soon as the Aizheng played the music of Xiangjiang River, the sound filled the green of Xiangbo. The thin fingers of the thirteen strings convey the deep hatred. When the autumn water is slow during the feast, the jade pillars are tilted and the geese are flying. When the bullet reaches the heartbreak, Chunshan's eyebrows are low.

4. Liu Yong’s Slow Ci

Yulin Ling

The chilling cicadas are sad. Facing Changting at night, the showers have begun to subside. There is no trace of drinking in the capital tent, and the orchid boat urges you to stay in the place of nostalgia.

Looking at each other with tears in their hands, they were speechless and choked. Thoughts go by, thousands of miles of mist, the dusk is heavy and the sky is vast.

Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times. Even more embarrassing and neglected Qingqiu Festival. Where will I wake up tonight, on the bank of willows and the waning moon in the morning breeze.

After so many years, it should be a time of good times and good times. Even if there are thousands of customs, who can tell them?

Eight Sounds of Ganzhou

The Xiaoxiao dusk rain sprinkles the river sky to wash away the autumn. The wind is getting colder and frostier, the Guanhe River is deserted, and the remaining light shines on the building. The redness and greenness of this place have declined, and the beauty of the place has ceased. Only the water of the Yangtze River flows eastward without words. I can't bear to climb high and look far away, looking at the distance of my hometown. I can't bear to think about it. Sighing at the traces of the past years, why is there so much suffering left behind? I want to see a beautiful woman makeup the building and look up. How many times have I missed it and returned to the boat after seeing the sky? You know, I am leaning against the railing, looking sad.

5. Graceful School

Magpie Bridge Immortal Qin Guan

Slender clouds make tricks, flying stars spread hatred, and silver and Han are far away in darkness. Once the golden wind and jade dew meet, they will win over countless others in the world. Tenderness is like water, good times are like dreams, and I can’t bear to look at the magpie bridge on my way back! If the love lasts for a long time, how can it last day and night?

Like Meng Ling Li Qingzhao

I often remember that the sun is setting in Xiting, and I am so drunk that I don’t know my way back.

Returning to the boat late after having fun, accidentally fell into the depths of lotus flowers.

Fighting for the crossing, fighting for the crossing, startling a pool of gulls and herons.

Like a dream

Last night it rained and the wind blew, and I couldn't get rid of the remaining wine in my deep sleep.

When I asked the person behind the curtain, I found that Begonia was still the same.

Do you know? Do you know? It should be green, red and thin.

6. The Bold and Unrestrained School

Su Shi missed Nujiao·Chibi Nostalgia

As the river goes eastward, all the waves are swept away, and all the romantic figures of the ages. To the west of the fortress, humanity is like the Three Kingdoms Zhou Lang's Red Cliff. Rocks pierce through the sky, turbulent waves crash on the shore, and thousands of piles of snow are rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are so many heroes at that time. I think back to Gong Jin's time, when Xiao Qiao got married for the first time, and he looked majestic and handsome. Feather fans and silk scarves, while talking and laughing, the rafts and oars disappeared into ashes. My motherland wanders in my mind, I should laugh at my passion, and I will be born early. Life is like a dream, a bottle of wine can return the moon to the river.

Xin Qiji's "Po Zhen Zi"

Po Zhen Zi composed a poem for Chen Tongfu to send to him. When he was drunk, he read the sword by the light of the lamp, and dreamed of the horn blowing company camp. Eight hundred miles away, the people under his command are burning, and the sound of fifty strings turning over the Great Wall. Autumn brings troops to the battlefield. The horse moves very fast, and the bow strings are as startling as thunderbolts. After finishing the affairs of the king and the world, he won the reputation before and after his death. Misfortune happens in vain!

Xin Qiji Yong Yule, Jingkou Beigu Pavilion nostalgic for the past

Throughout the ages, there is no hero to be found, Sun Zhong is the one to find. On the dance pavilion and singing stage, the wind and rain are always blowing away the wind. The setting sun, the grass and trees, the ordinary alleys, where the slaves of humanity once lived. I remember those days when we were fierce and powerful, and we could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger. Yuan Jia hastily sealed the wolf in Xu, and won a hurried visit to the north. Forty-three years later, I still remember the beacon fire on Yangzhou Road. But looking back, under the Buddha and Li Temple, there is a sacred crow drum. Who can ask, Lian Po is old, can he still make a living?