The last sentence of this chapter is the crowning touch. What does the author want to criticize?

When Lu Xun wrote Flowers in the Morning, he was already an important writer in the literary world. 1926 After the "March 18th" tragedy, Lu Xun wrote "In Memory of Liu Hezhen" and so on. Angrily denounced the shameless behavior of the reactionary government, persecuted by the reactionary government, and had to live a wandering life. He took refuge in Yamamoto Hospital and German Hospital. Despite his hard life, he also wrote many essays. Cat? Rat, A Chang and Shan Hai Jing are included in the collection of essays "Morning Flowers and Evening Picking Up".

1926 In September, Lu Xun accepted the invitation of Xiamen University to teach in the south, but he only stayed in Xiamen University for more than four months because he found that the air in Xiamen University was as dirty as that in Beijing. Lu Xun saw the ugly faces of all kinds of intellectuals here and attacked them mercilessly. Although Lu Xun doesn't like Xiamen University, he is very devoted to his lessons. His classes are very popular with students. In addition to his busy teaching work, Lu Xun has created many works, including five essays, from a Herb Garden to a Three-Pond Moon, Father's Disease, The Story of Lock, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. These five essays and five essays written in Beijing constitute the whole of Flowers in the Morning.

Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers was published in 1927.

Main content and theme idea

"Dog? Cat? Rats-in this article, Mr. Lu Xun cleared the cat of his crimes: first, the cat always plays with its prey to the fullest before eating it; Second, it is related to liger, but he is born with a coquetry; Third, it always howls when it cooperates, which is very annoying; Fourth, it ate a little hidden mouse that I loved when I was a child. Although it turned out that it wasn't hurt by a cat, I wouldn't have a good impression on the cat, not to mention that it did eat a rabbit later! Taking "cat" as the type, this paper satirizes people who are similar to cats sharply and vividly.

Chang and Shan Hai Jing-Chang was Lu Xun's nanny when he was a child. He described the scene of getting along with Chang when he was a child, and described his mother's kindness, simplicity, superstition, nagging, and "having a full stomach is troublesome etiquette." I am full of respect and gratitude for her long-awaited painting Shan Hai Jing. The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language.

Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures-the so-called Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures, is a book telling the story of twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, with pictures, and its main purpose is to promote feudal filial piety. Starting from the feeling of reading Twenty-four Pictures of Filial Piety when he was a child, Mr. Lu Xun emphatically described the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories, Lao Lai Entertainment and Guo Ju Burying the Son, and vividly exposed the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety.

This paper reveals the pitiful "Wucang Club" of China children-Wucang Club is a chance to meet the gods and a festival of my childhood. It describes the eagerness and excitement of looking forward to meeting the immortal when I was a child, and the disappointment and pain of being forced by my father to carry a sword. It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature.

Impermanence-impermanence is a ghost with human feelings. When I went to enchant my soul, I saw my mother crying her dead son so sadly that I decided to let her son "return to heaven for half an hour." As a result, my boss Yan Luowang hit him with forty sticks. When I recall impermanence, I occasionally add a few words to satirize the so-called gentleman in reality. Unreal impermanence gave Lu Xun a little comfort to his lonely and sad heart at that time.

From Baicaoyuan to Sanyan Yinyue —— Described the fun of my childhood in Baicaoyuan home and the boring life of studying in Sanyan Yinyue, revealed the sharp contradiction between children's extensive interests in life and feudal bookcase education that bound children's nature, and expressed the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth.

Father's illness-his father was killed by a quack-has always been a pain buried in Lu Xun's heart. This paper focuses on the memory of my father's delay in treatment when he was a child, describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors", and reveals the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life.

In this article, Lu Xun mainly recalled the process of leaving Shaoxing for Nanjing to study. The works describe all kinds of disadvantages and difficulties in seeking knowledge in Jiangnan Naval Academy and Mining Railway Academy at that time, and criticize the "cigar smoke" of Westernization School. The author describes the initial contact with the theory of evolution, regardless of the opposition of the older generation, eager to read the theory of evolution, showing a strong desire to explore the truth.

"Mr. Fujino"-records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature. The author highlights the noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, who is rigorous, honest, enthusiastic and free from national prejudice, and expresses his deep memory of Mr. Fujino.

Fan Ainong traces the author's contacts with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after his return to China. It describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark society before the revolution, his pursuit of the revolution and his persecution after the Revolution of 1911. It shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.

Character image

The four main characters in Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers are the author's nanny, teacher, friend and father.

Big mother-has a foolish and superstitious side, but has a simple and kind love that the author will never forget. From The Longevity Mother, we can see Lu Xun's feelings for the working people at the bottom: he not only exposed their ignorance and numbness, but also praised their kindness.

Mr. Fujino, a foreign medical professor, is in awe of his simple and great personality because he shows an equal attitude towards others and cares about the study of people in weak countries. Everything he does is ordinary. If you don't imagine Lu Xun's situation at that time, it is difficult to feel the greatness of this teacher.

Fan Ainong, an awakened intellectual, can't stand the dark society. He can't compromise with this society like a madman, nor can he forget it like Mr. N, so his heart is painful and sad. Like Lu Xun, we suspect that he committed suicide.

Father-My father was confused when Lu Xun was a child, because he was ordered to endorse when he was going to see the Wuxianghui in high spirits. But Lu Xun never accused his father. He repented that he didn't let his father die quietly, which made his mind restless and miserable forever. We felt the strong love of Lu Xun.

Means of artistic expression

1, narrative, description, lyricism and discussion are organically integrated, full of poetry and painting. For example, the scenery describing the white grass garden is vivid and charming.

2. In the deep memory of the past, the author can't forget the reality, and insert some "essays" (that is, the discussion of reality) from time to time to show Mr. Lu Xun's true and rich inner world, such as Dogs? Cat? The article "Mouse" not only has the author's deep memories of a cute little hidden mouse in his childhood, but also vividly tells the folk story told by his grandmother, and also reveals the true colors of gentlemen who look like cats in reality.

3, long intake of small details in life, to see the big, write the charm of the characters, write the essence of the event. For example, impermanence, starting from the fact that impermanence also has a wife and children, not only writes the characteristics of impermanence with human touch, but also cleverly satirizes those hypocritical intellectuals in life.

The author often uses irony when criticizing and satirizing the old feudal system and morality. On the surface, he calmly told the whole story of the incident, but in fact it was an irony, which implied the clever irony of "saying this and meaning that" For example, in "Father", there is no positive accusation and irony about quack practicing medicine, but there is angry criticism and irony between the lines.

The author often uses contrast skills in his prose. For example, the Five Cannon Club, through the comparison of my mood before and after, expressed his disgust and criticism of feudal society. By comparing Ghosts with real people, impermanence profoundly depicts the ugly faces of some people whose personalities are not as good as ghosts in real life. "Dog? Cat? The author's love for mice is in sharp contrast to his strong hatred for cats.

[book]

Morning Inflorescence: This book is a collection of reminiscence essays written by Lu Xun 1926. The first five articles were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. Originally published in the semi-monthly Mangyuan, the general title was "Coming Back to Life". 1July, 927, Lu Xun re-edited in Guangzhou, adding "introduction" and "postscript".

These ten essays are Memoirs of Memories (preface to selected works of three leisure collections), which completely record Lu Xun's life track and experience from childhood to youth, vividly depict the life picture of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and are important artistic documents for studying Lu Xun's early thoughts and life and even the society at that time. These chapters are profound and meaningful, and they are classics in China's modern prose.

Brief Introduction to Flowers in the Morning and Picking Up in the Evening

Lu Xun

I often want to find some leisure in the noise, but it's really not easy. At present, it is so bizarre and my heart is so complicated. When a person only has memories, his life is likely to be boring, but sometimes there will be no memories. China's writing is formal, and the world is still spiraling up. When I left Sun Yat-sen University the other day, I remembered leaving Xiamen University four months ago. Hearing the chirping of planes overhead, I remembered the scene of planes hovering over Beijing every day a year ago. I also wrote a short article called "A Sleep" at that time.

Now, even this "sleep" is gone.

Guangzhou is really hot, and the sunset shines through the west window, forcing people to barely put on a thin coat. I have never seen a pot of "water branches" on my desk: it is just a section of tree, and its branches and leaves are lovely as long as they are immersed in water. Look at the old manuscript edited by Green Leaves, and finally do something. Doing these things is really a day to live and a year to die, which can drive away the heat.

The day before yesterday, Weeds was edited. This time it was my turn to bring up the old story in Mangyuan, and I changed his name: morning flowers and late picking. It would be much better to bring flowers, but I can't. Even if my mind is full of strange things now, I can't let him instantly become a strange and miscellaneous article. Or, when he looks up at the clouds, he will be with me.

Once, I recalled many times the fruits and vegetables I ate in my hometown when I was a child: water chestnut, arhat bean, water bamboo and cantaloupe. These are extremely delicious; It used to be a crush that made me homesick. Later, I tasted it after a long separation, and that's it; Just in memory, there are old meanings. They may lie to me all my life and let me look back from time to time. These ten articles were copied from memory, which is somewhat different from the actual content, but I only remember them now. The style is probably very messy, because it has stopped writing for nine months. The environment is different: the first two articles are written under the east wall of Beijing apartment; Three of them are in displacement, and the places are hospitals and carpenters' rooms; The last five articles are upstairs in the library of Xiamen University.

1 May, 9271day, Lu Xun wrote in Guangzhou Baiyun Tower.

"Morning Flowers Pick Up in the Evening" Catalogue:

Silver

Dogs, cats and mice

A Chang and Shan Hai Jing

Twenty-four filial piety pictures

Wuzanghui

changeable

From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue

Father's illness

Trivial notes

Mr. Fujino

Fan Ainong.

postscript

Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening are a collection of essays written by Lu Xun. The author said that these articles were all "memoirs" copied from memory. At first, they were published in the semi-monthly Mangyuan with the theme of "Reviving the Past". When they were collected in September, they were renamed "flowering in the morning and collecting at night". 38960 . 6886868686 1

I earned 10 works, including: dogs, cats and mice who hate cats; Miss my big mother's A Changyu; Twenty-four filial piety pictures criticized the feudal concept of filial piety; Wu Canghui showed the shadow of feudal paternalism; Depicting impermanence, superstition and intoxicating messengers in legends; Write Jason Wu's "From Herbal Garden to San Tan Yin Yue"; Expose the quack's "father's disease"; Notes describing the evil and disgusting image of YanTaitai; Mr. Fujino, the Japanese teacher who appreciates Lu Xun most; Fan Ainong, a fellow countryman friend who was down and out all his life.

Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening combine memories of the past with real life, which fully shows the author's great enthusiasm for caring about life and reforming society.

Couplets about "picking flowers in the morning and evening";

Drink Huasan alone to release the chest.

Cold clothes can't stand the heat.

Who do the morning and evening flowers belong to?

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter

Brief introduction of the author

Lu Xun (188 1~ 1936), formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He was born in a declining feudal family. He is a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China, and the founder of modern literature in China. Representative works include: Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, which was first used. The novella The True Story of Ah Q, a collection of memoirs and essays, a collection of novels such as Scream and Wandering.

188 1 On September 25th, Mr. Lu Xun was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. The Zhou family is a big family, and it has been declining since Lu Xun's grandfather's generation. Lu Xun's father was a scholar, and he was not satisfied with his career all his life. At the age of 28+02, my grandfather went to prison because of the examination case, and my father's condition became worse and worse. Lu Xun intends to go in and out between pawn shops and pharmacies every day, deeply feeling the coldness of the times. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, Lu Xun left his hometown, entered the Nanjing Naval Academy, and later transferred to the Railway Mining Academy. 1902, graduated with honors and went to Japan for further study. Two years later, he entered Sendai Medical College to study medicine. The slide incident made him deeply realize that it is more important to change China people's numb spirit than to heal their bodies. So he gave up medicine and returned to China in. 1909. After returning to China, Lu Xun taught in Hangzhou, Shaoxing and other places, and then worked in the Ministry of Education in Beijing. During this period, he witnessed the whole process of the Revolution of 1911 from victory to failure, and strengthened the understanding that the urgent task of China society is to transform the national character. Around +09 17, the new culture movement and the literary revolution have been advocated. With the publication of the first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman", it got out of hand and created a lot of literary works. Fanniju 02612014-10-13.