Editing and proofreading common sense Chinese editing and proofreading website

1. As a beginner, where should you start if you want to engage in copy editing work?

First of all, what "copy editing" does in different companies in different industries is Something different.

For example, a website may have more of a content editor role, editing content and updating articles; a newspaper may have more of a proofreading role; a book may have a role of editor in addition to proofreading, and later It also includes outline logic problems, plagiarism problems, etc. Among them, books should have the highest requirements for copy editing and proofreading abilities.

But no matter what, copy editing is a job that requires constant checking and checking. According to my understanding, the poster's question should be about copy editing in paper publications, which happens to be similar to ***'s job. Let me share my opinion for reference.

It is really not difficult to get started with copy editing, as long as the Chinese language is not bad to a certain extent. As @陈小槑 said, after two or three months of on-the-job training, you can basically get started. The following is the long-term training. Sensitivity to text, grammar, and punctuation is developed during manuscript review. This process is long, and becoming a senior copy editor is not an easy task. It is impossible in just a few years.

You need to frequently read and understand a series of reference books and related regulations that you are familiar with, including the "Modern Chinese Dictionary", "Details for the Determination of Quality Errors in Book Editing", "Rules for the Description of References after the Text". You need to know the correct way to spell typos, you need to know which word is a recommended word, you need to know the correct format of references, you need to know the correct use of numerical punctuation, you need to know which is the standard translation of foreign names, etc.

Proofreading symbols are something you must know. You can always look at the dictionary for easy-to-confuse words.

It is good to have a broad range of knowledge, so that there will be no situation like the protagonist of the Han Dynasty shouting "Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." Knowing how to read the K-line chart is also helpful for you to revise stock manuscripts. There are great benefits. But the most important thing is to check things that you are not 100% sure about, rather than "my impression should be right."

My suggestion is to start with proofreading, read and proofread, and accumulate bit by bit. Patience and carefulness are the foundation.

In my personal opinion, it is enough to have a general understanding of things like copyright, and being able to judge whether plagiarism is enough is enough. You must be sensitive to words related to sensitive topics, otherwise you won’t know how you died.

p. s.

There is a publishing professional qualification examination related to editing, which generally tests some knowledge related to grammar and text punctuation. You may wish to take a look at its related test papers and reference books to learn more. ### I personally think that copy editing in the ordinary sense - including most website editors - is just a professional skill, which means you can get started with it after two or three months of on-the-job training. It does not require very systematic professionalism. Knowledge does not require deep literary literacy, but if you have a wide range of knowledge, that is a plus.

As for whether you want to enter the Internet world or the traditional media/publishing world, there is still a big difference. Choose this general direction first. If you choose the former, then I suggest you first use WordPress to build a personal website, choose one or two areas of interest, collect and edit content, and become familiar with the website information structure, SEO and HTML tag usage specifications, etc. Once you master these, I I feel like I’m basically getting started.

Then you can also operate your Weibo as a pocket media. In addition, I think we can establish professional ethics as early as possible, be aware of copyright, and be familiar with various licensing agreements and commercial use rules. These should be the basic qualities of the industry, but in the current editorial world, they are extremely scarce.

2. How to do a good job in proofreading

The so-called "editors start with proofreading, and proofreaders learn from editors" actually refers to the relationship between editing and proofreading, which can be summarized in a few words : Origin, diversion, cooperation, common destination. The so-called homology, that is, proofreading work, appears at the same time as editing work.

Diversion refers to the division of labor between editing and proofreading as publishing production gradually takes shape. Proofreading work has been separated from editing work, but the basic attribute of proofreading work as an important part of editing work has not changed. It is a continuation of editing work and a check on the quality of publications, eliminating errors before publication. This ensures the dissemination and accumulation value of publications. Part of the work of proofreading is included in editing, and proofreading is a continuation of editing. A good editor should be able to assume the responsibility of proofreading at work. During the editing process, he will naturally correct errors in the manuscript at any time. In addition to editing the manuscript, he must also resolve errors in the manuscript's perspective, grammar, rhetoric, logic, and obvious common sense. Proofreaders must have unique sensitivity and high degree of discrimination against typos, and be good at finding various errors hidden between the lines. The reading during proofreading is based on each word, word, and punctuation mark as the reading unit, and strives to find subtle errors. In the process of implementing each word, one often enters a state of concentration in which the word is worded and the sentence is carefully considered. This is also a basic requirement for editors.

3. Are there any prospects for editing and proofreading?

Although publishers are starting a business, they still have no compiled code and no code. It is best not to do this line of work, so bully , low income.

When editing and proofreading are compared to drying, proofreading is a technical job, and editing comprehensively, being able to make your own subject, is equivalent to a project manager. Of course, you should also know something about living evidence, and it’s best to start with an assistant editor.

As for the People's Education Association or the club, you have to ask the local people to find out, the situation is different for each club, not just from what you know, good or bad reputation. People's Social Club, not always yellow, but can also be more rigid; if it is a good supplement for educational institutions, it should also work, but the competition for supplements is so great now, so you have to check out this club How exactly?

4. Book editing

Regarding your question, you can search for "book editing" through the "Hangzhou Library Bibliographic Search Platform" to find: Title: Modern Book Editing Author: Li Qibian Publishing House: Hunan Normal University Press Publication Date: 2008 Title: Practical Tutorial on Modern Book Editing Authors: Chen Lifei, Wang Yueqin, Wang Qiulin Publishing House: Suzhou University Press Publication Date: 2007 Title: Theory of Book Editing Procedures: Chinese Editors Society Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Academic Conference Author: Editor-in-chief of China Editors Society Publisher: China Standard Press Publication date: 2008 Relevant links are as follows: The above answers are for your reference! Hope this helps! Hangzhou Library.

5. I want to know what skills and professional knowledge are required for newspaper editors to proofread manuscripts

Proofreading procedures

The basic operating procedures of proofreading include: Preliminary School, second school, third school, reading through, copying, checking red, writing technology and other aspects. 1. One school (one time for each author and editor): focus on proofreading the original manuscript, strive to make the proof consistent with the original manuscript, correct formatting errors, and mark any doubtful areas. Read it through after school. The author is required not to make major changes to the manuscript. 2. Second school (one time for each school, responsible editor and executive editor): When proofreading, make sure that the errors made by the first school have been corrected, correct formatting errors, deal with questions in the manuscript, fill in gaps, and unify the style. You can use the strict proofreading mode of Dark Horse proofreading software to replace manual second proofreading. 3. Third proofreading (executive editor proofreading once): When proofreading, make sure that the errors made by the second proofreading school have been corrected, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the proofs, clean up the errors, and determine the layout format. 4. Proofreading: Check the errors made by the three proofreading schools, and make a final review of the article and layout to ensure that there are no errors in the proofs. 5. Proofread signature. The proofreader should sign each proof and indicate the proof number to prevent errors. 6. The editor in charge puts aside the original manuscript and three proofs, reads the proofs, and looks for errors. After reading the sample, conduct an overall scan to check whether there are any typos or omissions, whether the tables and illustrations comply with the standards, whether the fonts and font sizes are used correctly, etc.

Nowadays, most domestic publishing houses and newspapers and periodicals have used the Black Horse proofreading software, and basically all use human-computer proofreading programs. The human-machine proofreading process for paper manuscripts is as follows: manual initial proofreading → technical sorting → proofreading → proofreading → proofreading → computer proofreading → manual third proofreading → manual reading → proofreading → proofreading → printing The manual first proofreading can check the manuscript and perform the technical arrangement of the entire book; the second computer proofreading can save a lot of manual proofreading time and ensure accuracy; the manual third proofreading and through-reading can play a final check role. The human-computer proofreading mode of electronic manuscripts: First computer proofreading (mainly correcting textual errors) → Manual second proofreading (mainly proofreading errors) Technical sorting → Retirement to the factory (or the responsible editor) for proofreading → Verification → Third computer proofreading (mainly proofreading) Errors after proofreading) → manual read through → return to the factory (or return to the responsible editor) to change the proof → proof proof → print

Edit this paragraph proofreading work method

Proofreading method

Chen Yuan: "The proofreader is to read the original version of the same book against the other versions." "The purpose is to check the similarities and differences, not the right and wrong." Point proof: Place the original above or to the left of the proof. Read the original manuscript first, then the proofs, and proofread them word for word. Parallel point proofreading: After folding the original manuscript, point it over the text or diagrams that need to be proofread in the proof. Folding and proofreading: Place the proof on the table, then hold a page of the manuscript between the fingers of both hands and press it on the proof, and align the words on the original with the words in the corresponding positions on the proof for proofreading word for word. Proofreading: A proofreading method in which two or more people collaborate, that is, one person reads the manuscript aloud, and the other (or two people) compares the proofs and corrects the errors in the proofs.

Our School's Law

Chen Yuan: In this school, we will use this book to prove each other, and pick out the similarities and differences, and then we will know the fallacies in it. The modern proofreading method adopts this method. When proofreaders do not have the original manuscript (or are separated from the original manuscript), they focus on identifying the form of the text on the proof, understand the meaning of the sentence, and find errors through comparison and mutual verification. The thorough reading check using this school's method can better reflect the characteristic that "proofreading is a continuation of editing work". " Today, with the emergence of a large number of electronic manuscripts, giving full play to the strengths of our school's methods can make up for the author's mistakes or the editor's deficiencies in processing and editing on a complementary basis, ensuring and improving the quality of publications.

Other schools Method

Chen Yuan: Use other books to proofread the book. Use other authoritative books (including reference books) related to the content of the manuscript to perform specific proofreading work. It is often used cross-wise with this method. The function of other methods is to resolve doubts, and is usually used to resolve similarities and differences in citations, data, idioms, terminology, formulas, dates, etc.

Reflection method

Chen Yuan said: When there is no ancient original evidence, or the books are different, and you have no idea what to do, you must use this method. Li means reasoning and judgment, that is, making judgments of right and wrong through reasoning and analysis. When the school finds a contradiction and there is no other book to refer to, it can only judge the right and wrong through reasoning and analysis, and raise questions, which are often used in conjunction with the school. The school is also very subjective. It must be used by proofreaders who are knowledgeable and have a wide range of knowledge. It is easy to make errors such as "correcting errors" or "correcting errors".

If you proofread, You should have considerable knowledge about editions, books and Chinese, especially classical Chinese.

6.

Although publishing houses have become corporate, they still have some editors and some do not. It’s better not to do this job. It’s very unpopular and the pay is low.

Being an editor is naturally better than being a proofreader. Proofreading is a technical job. Editors are very comprehensive and can choose their own topics. Equivalent to a project manager. Of course, you should also know something about proofreading. It is best to start as an assistant editor.

Whether it is an education society or a people's society, you have to ask the local people. The situation of each society is different. You can't tell whether it's good or bad just by looking at its name. The People's Cooperative is a party society and will never be yellow, but it may be relatively rigid. If the educational cooperative has good teaching assistants, it should be OK, but the competition for teaching assistants is so big now, so It depends on how the company is doing.

7. Book proofreading process

There are two basic functions of proofreading: correcting similarities and differences; correcting right and wrong.

This is determined by the nature of proofreading. "Proofreading" is a comprehensive concept, which contains the dual meanings of "proof" (proof of right and wrong) and "correction" (proof of similarities and differences). The function of proofreading should be fully understood and realized.

The essence of "proofing similarities and differences" is "similarities and differences", which means comparing the proofs with the original manuscript word for word, and finding and correcting errors and omissions by finding the similarities and differences between the two. Its function is to ensure that the original manuscript is converted into printed text in good condition and without leakage.

The essence of "correction" is "right and wrong", which refers to discovering and correcting possible errors and omissions in the manuscript by judging the inherent contradictions in the manuscript. Its function is to make up for the omissions in the editing work and make the manuscript perfect.

The two basic functions of proofreading are equally important and cannot be neglected. Without correcting similarities and differences, it is impossible to ensure that the author's labor results are accurately and completely transformed; without correcting right and wrong, it is impossible to discover and make up for omissions in the author's creation and editing.

The consequences of neglecting similarities and differences or right and wrong are the same. They will cause fallacies to spread, harm the author, and confuse readers. The basic system for proofreading work has the following four items: 1. First reading from three schools and inspection of sample books.

"Three schools" refers to three schools. "First reading" refers to the thorough reading and inspection after the final revision.

Due to the complexity of the errors in the proofreading object and the diversity of the reasons for the errors, "proofreading is like sweeping away fallen leaves", and proofreading activities cannot be "completed in one step", and the necessary amount of proofreading work must be invested (i.e. proofreading times) ). "Three schools and one reading" is the minimum number of proofs that must be adhered to as stipulated in the "Book Quality Assurance System"; important manuscripts and manuscripts that are difficult to proofread, such as classics, documents, dictionaries, ancient books, academic works, textbooks and teaching aids Readings, etc., should also be increased accordingly.

The author’s proofreading and editor’s proofreading cannot replace proofreading. The proofs given to them for proofreading are “double proofs” and the “original proofs” are still proofread by proofreaders. All three proofreadings must be done by professionally trained proofreaders. Proofreaders do it. Computer proofreading, if used properly, can replace a proofreading.

The proofs typed after revision by the three schools cannot be counted as printing proofs. They must also undergo a thorough reading and inspection. Only the revised and typed proofs after thorough reading and inspection can be counted as printing proofs. In order to ensure the quality of proofreading, the proofreader has the right to request an additional 1 to 2 proofreadings when encountering one of the following situations: (1) The error rate of the initial proof exceeds 15/10000; (2) The editor publishes and typesets the proof. The manuscript is not complete, clear, and stable, and the number of pages revised in the proofs exceeds 1/3; (3) The errors in the final proofs exceed 3/10,000.

The decision-making power to increase the number of schools belongs to professional proofreading agencies. Sample book inspection means that before the books are bound in batches, several sample books are bound and inspected by the responsible editor and responsible proofreader. Only after the inspection is confirmed to be correct, can they be bound in batches and shipped out of the factory.

2. Combine diversification and specialization of proofreading subjects. One of the characteristics of modern proofreading is the combination of diversification and specialization of proofreading subjects.

The so-called pluralism of subjects means that authors, editors and full-time proofreaders*** all participate in proofreading, as well as outsiders participating in proofreading activities, thus forming a proofreading subject group. The author's proofreading is self-editing, and the editor's proofreading is semi-self-editing.

Their common advantage is: grasp of the content of the manuscript and familiarity with relevant knowledge. The biggest disadvantage is that it is difficult to perceive the differences in individual characters due to the habit of linear reading, and often "turn a blind eye" to errors due to fixed thinking.

The skills, experience, mentality and sense of responsibility of proofreaders outside the agency are generally not as good as those of full-time proofreaders within the agency. Therefore, the diversification of proofreading subjects must be combined with specialization, and full-time proofreaders within the agency should be the core of the proofreading subject group.

The so-called core of full-time proofreaders within the press has three meanings: First, the publishing house must establish a professional proofreading organization to uniformly organize and monitor the entire proofreading work; secondly, the publishing house must be equipped with sufficient Full-time proofreaders (the scientific ratio of editors and proofreaders is 3:1 and should not be less than 5:1), and full-time proofreaders should be responsible for proofreading; thirdly, proofreaders with intermediate professional titles or above must be serious and experienced There are many other proofreaders to do the third school and check the final school. 3. Combine collective cross-proofing with responsible proofreading.

The second characteristic of modern proofreading is the combination of collective cross-proofreading and responsible proofreading. Collective cross-proofing means that proofreaders of different ranks and different expertise are responsible for proofreading for different schools. Generally, the practice of one person covering the entire school is not allowed.

Collective cross-proofing can avoid the knowledge limitations of one-person proofreading and the "turning a blind eye" to errors caused by repeated proofreading, which is conducive to eliminating errors to the greatest extent. At the same time, collective cross-proofing is an effective way to check and supervise each other.

However, there are also shortcomings in collective cross-proofing. The main reason is that the proofreaders will not be completely consistent in identifying errors. Collective cross-proofing of large manuscripts by chapters will also cause inconsistency in layout and format processing. Therefore, on the basis of collective cross-proofing, a responsible proofreading system must also be implemented.

The Responsible Proofreader is the overall person in charge and the general coordinator of the proofreading work of this book. He participates in the entire proofreading process of this book and is responsible for the final proof or read-through inspection (the read-through review can also be undertaken by the responsible editor) and the technical editing of the text. , assist the editor in charge to resolve proofreading doubts, and finally check the proofs for printing. The responsible proofreader should sign on the title page of the book to show that he is responsible for the proofreading quality of the book.

4. Combine proofreading and editing doubts. Proofreading, questioning, and editing are the basic forms of modern proofreading.

The proofreader's proofreading is different from the editor's word processing, and there is a qualitative difference between the two. The task of correcting mistakes is to correct mistakes, which is usually called removing flaws, and does not adjust the layout of chapters, improve ideological content and polish words.

For obvious typos, aliases, multiple characters, missing characters, incorrect simplified characters, incorrect traditional characters, inversions, variant characters, old glyphs, non-standard shaped words, proper name errors, and do not comply with national standards If the standard usage of punctuation marks, usage of numbers, quantity and unit names and symbols do not meet the design requirements and standard layout format, the proofreader should make corrections, but the corrections must be reviewed and confirmed by the responsible editor. If grammatical errors, logical errors, factual, intellectual, or political errors are found, the proofreader has no right to make corrections. He can only use a gray pencil to express doubts, make suggestions for changes, fill out the "Proofreading Question Form", and the proofreader will be proofread by the responsible person. Send it to the editor in charge for troubleshooting.

Editors in charge should take proofreading questions seriously and adopt correct revision suggestions humbly. Suggestions for changes to the identification, use color.