What is the relationship between cicadas and cicadas?

Golden cicada, also known as crawling grasshopper, is called the meat of Tang Priest. Because of its high nutritional value, unique style, good taste and various nourishing and medicinal functions, people have long compared eating golden cicada to "Tang monk meat" that can make people live forever. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, golden cicada has become a delicacy on the tables of major hotels and restaurants. The origin of golden cicada is mainly concentrated in Shandong and Henan. In urban and rural areas of our city, the golden cicada has always been deeply loved by the public. But compared with previous years, the value of golden cicada has doubled.

Golden cicada

Introduction of edible methods of golden cicada

Cicada nymph, also known as cicada, cicada monkey and so on. And adult cicadas, also known as black cicadas, are representative species of cicadas. There are customs of eating cicadas and their nymphs in many areas of our country, especially in Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong and other places. The most common way to eat cicadas is "frying golden cicadas". Cicada nymphs (cicada turtles) are the best edible insects because of their high nutritional value and unique taste. At present, it has become a famous dish suitable for various occasions. Especially, newly unearthed nymphs contain 58.58%-72% protein, 0/0.23% fat/kloc, 0.3% total potassium, 0.58% total phosphorus, 0/6.5 mg/kg calcium/kloc and 82.2 mg/kg zinc. High protein and low fat are rare game products.

Artificial incubation and culture of golden cicada

Cicada is a kind of medicinal material with high medicinal value, which hatches eggs underground. It has the effects of clearing blood, removing blood stasis and protecting health, and has a certain therapeutic effect on hypertension. However, the existing golden cicada has some shortcomings, such as long growth cycle, low survival rate and unsuitable collection. After several years of research and experiments, according to the growth habits of golden cicada, we have summed up a set of golden cicada culture techniques.

First, egg collection: egg collection is after the golden cicada lays eggs in autumn, usually around July of the lunar calendar. Golden cicada is

Golden cicada

There are small tail thorns on the annual shoots, and eggs are laid on branches, mostly juicy branches such as fruit trees. Branches will dry up after laying eggs, so most branches with green lower ends and dry ends have cicada eggs.

2. Post-harvest treatment: After the branches with cicada eggs are collected, the dead leaves are removed, the ends are cut off, and 30 branches are tied into a bundle. Spread a layer of sand on the bottom of a big laundry basin, put the tied branches into the basin vertically, keep the temperature at 28-34 degrees, keep the humidity moist, spray them when they are dry, and spray them with a sprayer until they are soaked.

Hatching: The larvae hatch for about 45 days. At this time, you will see some larvae crawling around on the branches. When about 20% larvae hatch, they should be buried. The area with thin and soft hair roots should be selected for burying pits, so that larvae can absorb nutrients from the roots. It is best to choose a broad-leaved tree plot for planting poplars, willows and their fruit trees.

Golden cicada

4. Sowing: Dig the pit into strips, the depth is mainly at the root of the hair, and the width is one shovel. Put the branches of the hatched larvae into the into the pit along the pit, and the larvae will grasp the roots of the plants by themselves. Return the soil gently and slowly. Fortunately, after being unearthed, you can't step on it or water it to keep it ventilated.

5. Harvest: If there are trees, surround them with transparent tape for one meter to ensure that the insects will not crawl. Cicada ants grow from 18 to 24 months after sowing.

6. Tip: Cicada eggs are mainly collected from ash strips and fruit branches, and cicada egg larvae feed on the juice of plant roots, so it is best to choose multiple zones when burying. Each branch contains 200-400 cicada eggs, so 500-800 cicada eggs per mu are appropriate to ensure the survival rate. By planting golden cicada in this way, the original growth period of 3-5 years is advanced to 18 months, the incubation period is increased from 1 year to about 40 days, and the survival rate is improved from 6% to about 30%-60%. So it is especially suitable for farming in rural areas.

Nowadays, the price of golden cicada has been rising all the way, and golden cicada has also been served on the dining tables of large and small hotels. The prospects are good. The golden cicada planted in this way has a high survival rate. According to the minimum survival rate of 30% per mu, there are about 100000 golden cicadas, and the income is 10000 yuan at the cost of10 cents per cicada.

Fried golden cicada

In China, many areas have the custom of eating grasshoppers (which are representative species of Cicadaceae insects, adults are also called golden cicadas, nymphs are commonly called cicada turtles) and their nymphs (cicada turtles), especially in Shandong, the most common way to eat them is "fried cicadas". Cicada nymph has high nutritional value, medicinal value and unique taste, and is a leader among edible insects. At present, it has become a famous dish suitable for different grades and occasions. In addition, when mature nymphs of grasshoppers become adults, the molting of jujube cicadas (also called "cicada retreat" or "cicada skin") contains chitin and protein, which is sweet, salty and cold, and enters the lung and liver meridians, and is an important traditional Chinese medicine for pungent and cool relieving exterior syndrome.

However, due to the destruction of the environment, trees have been cut down, and the living environment of locusts and nymphs has been seriously damaged, which has led to a sharp decline in natural production of nymphs and other products, and the market price has also risen year after year. Due to the increasing social demand, gathering alone is far from meeting the market requirements, so many places begin to shift the way of gathering natural resources to artificial large-scale farming. Below, according to our three-year practical experience and related information, the artificial propagation techniques of locusts are mainly introduced as follows:

Golden cicada

Let's talk about the natural habits of locusts first: the average locust completes in 3-5 years 1 generation. The egg population overwinters on the young branches of the same year or two years old, and nymphs of all ages are concentrated in the roots of plants in the soil, that is, there are two kinds of overwintering insects, eggs and nymphs with different sizes; Overwintering sites are also divided into above-ground and underground environments. Overwintering eggs began to hatch in mid-May of the following year, and the incubation peak period was from late May to early June, and the incubation activity ended in late June. The egg period is close to 300 days. The activity of overwintering nymphs is most affected by ground temperature and host plant juice. When the temperature is higher than 10℃ ~ 15℃, the sap of the tree begins to flow and the overwintering nymph begins to suck. Nymphs hatched from overwintering eggs (called cicada ants) dive into the soil and suck juice from the roots of host plants. With the growth of age, build earth chambers of different sizes and shapes and live in them. Part of the soil chamber wall is attached to the roots of plants for feeding. After autumn, when the temperature drops, it burrows into deep soil for the winter, and after spring, it migrates upward and moves near the roots. In a year, the number of nymphs in the soil is the highest in May. At this time, a large number of wintering eggs hatch into the soil, and the last nymph will soon be unearthed and shed into an adult. After the mature nymph completes the whole life course of the nymph in the soil, it emerges from the soil from late May to mid-late August and crawls to branches of shrubs and stems of weeds. , and fixed on the branches and leaves of bark with claws and thorns of forelimbs, molting and feathering into adults. The peak period is from mid-June to mid-July, and the ending period is from early June to early October of 10. Adults mate and lay eggs about 20 days after emergence, and begin to lay eggs in late June, with the peak spawning period from late June to late August and the end spawning period from early September to early June 10. Adult final period165438+1early October. Adults usually emerge at 8 ~ 10 at night and 4 ~ 6 am, and the ratio of male to female basically remains 1: 1. Adults often inhabit the branches of tree trunks and have the habit of putting out fires at night. Adults lay eggs on biennial branches with a thickness of 2 ~ 7 mm, and the eggs are laid in the xylem of the branches, and the nests are closely connected. Each nest lays 6-8 eggs, one spawning branch12-479 eggs, generally 20-200 eggs, with an average of 146 eggs. Each branch has 6 ~ 146 ovules. Generally, each female carries more than 500 ~ 1000 eggs in the abdomen. The life span of adults is about 3 months, and the occurrence period is usually from July to September every year. Adults can fly with wings and make a living by sucking nutrient juice from young branches of trees with pierced mouthparts. After mating, the female cicada inserts the ovipositor into the xylem of annual or biennial shoots before laying eggs, and then lays eggs. At the same time, the twigs will be dehydrated and dry, which will cause harm to trees. Locusts like hawthorn, peach tree, apple, elm and other tree species with soft wood and more juice. Let's talk about its artificial propagation technology: in order to breed cicadas successfully, we should mainly grasp the "six links" such as provenance acquisition, host plant selection, feeding place selection and protection measures configuration:

Golden cicada

The first link: obtaining the origin of the golden cicada. Primary provenances can be collected naturally in the field, and eggs, nymphs and adults can all be collected as provenances. Each insect state can be collected from July to September; August to September is the best season to collect nymphs. September is the best time to collect cicada eggs and branches, which can be collected all year round. You can collect eggs in the ideal place where there are many cicadas in the tree. 1 ~ 2-year-old thin stems killed by locusts on trees can be gently taken down with fruit branch scissors or long rods with hooks at the top. All cicada eggs with flat and dry side, incomplete surface and a large number of ivory oval eggs embedded in the subcutaneous xylem were cut off, leaving redundant dead tips without eggs on the upper part of the ovary and 10 ~ 6544 on the lower part of the ovary scar. Nymphs are captured by natural mature and mature nymphs, and the collection of nymphs can be captured by shining a flashlight at the base of the trunk at 7 ~ 12 in the evening. After being collected, they are put into a sarong to feather and lay eggs. Shrub-like hosts are planted in the spawning sarong, and all kinds of seedling fruit trees are the main ones. There are many ways to catch cicadas in trees, such as trapping them with fire at night. In order to ensure that adult cicadas are not harmed, gluten can be used to catch them. The method is to wash the mixed dough with water for many times, remove starch, leave pure gluten, store it in wide lotus leaves and poplar leaves, stick it on the top of bamboo poles, and catch adults in the morning or during the day.

The second ring: golden cicada egg branch species. Feeding objects are newly hatched nymphs and nearly hatched eggs. The eggs on the branches are collected directly from the field or the provenance.

Golden cicada

Focus on indoor promotion of incubation. Methods: In a plastic box with a length of 70 cm, a width of 40 cm and a height of 20 cm, fine dry sand with a thickness of 5 ~ 10 cm was laid at the bottom, and the egg branches were placed in vertical or horizontal bundles, and water mist was continuously sprayed with a small sprayer to maintain the high humidity of the air around the egg branches, so that the excess water droplets were absorbed by the fine sand at the bottom. Check the hatching of eggs constantly in the middle. When nymphs are found to be active, we can put branches and fine sand in the breeding place. The breeding time is generally 9- 10 (two-year eggs) or June-July (eggs of the current year). Under the tree of the host plant in the breeding ground, the ground is about 1 m away from the base of the trunk, and regular narrow ditches with a depth of about 30 ~ 50 cm are dug for later excavation and collection. After "planting seeds", compact the soil and record the time, quantity, groove shape and depth of "planting seeds". From the egg stage to the mature nymph, grasshoppers need to grow underground for three winters and summers (actually two years): in the first year, they begin to grow in June, and the growth weight of that year is only about 1 g; In the second year, the weight developed to about 3 grams; In the third year, the nymph is mature and weighs 4.5 ~ 5g.

The third ring: supply high-quality feed to the golden cicada. Choose healthy tree species with developed roots, lush growth and more juice, such as poplar, elm, willow, tung tree or various fruit trees in the orchard. Intercropping potato, sweet potato, yam and other roots.

The fourth ring: providing good environmental conditions. The suitable breeding depth of golden cicada is 30 ~ 50 cm, which should be sunny and antifreeze, and the soil is soft, fertile and pollution-free. It is not suitable to be too dry, too high in water content or accumulate water to ensure the normal growth and development of the root system of the host plant, which is tender, developed and juicy. Winter planting areas should be covered with wheat straw, rice straw and corn straw to keep the ground temperature.

Five rings: construction of production facilities for adults and nymphs. Besides collecting cicada eggs naturally, we can also set up a yarn shed to provide adult spawning space. The fruit trees in abandoned orchards can be used and the seedlings can be replanted. A fence is erected around with cement columns or bamboo sticks, with iron wires in the middle and nylon screens outside. The eclosion or collected adults mate and lay eggs in it, and the number of adults can be reserved according to future needs without collecting field provenances.

The sixth ring: do a good job in epidemic prevention. There are many natural enemies of unearthed nymphs (cicada turtles) and emerging adults, such as toads, snakes, rats, hedgehogs, wild cats, sparrows, mantises, etc., and there are also microorganisms such as Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and entomogenous algae. In addition, the pollution of floods, pesticides and fertilizers is also harmful to nymphs or cicadas, so we should pay attention to protection when raising them. The most important seasons are oviposition on trees, occurrence of cicada ants and emergence of mature nymphs. The natural enemies in the tree egg stage and cicada ant occurrence stage are mainly ants and stinkbug, and the treatment measures are to soak the oozing branches with concentrated ammonia 100 times solution or treat the soil with dichlorvos and concentrated chlorine.

Collection, processing and utilization of golden cicada;

It is the best season to harvest in the field from summer to the day before yesterday to early August, and the weather is most concentrated in early July or after the rain. If an insect (cicada turtle) digs a hole with a pair of serrated front feet in the wet and soft ground, it will move briefly on the ground after climbing out of the ground, and then prepare to shed its shell on the trunk or scaffolding next to the fan, and it will emerge into a cicada at 4 ~ 6 o'clock the next morning. You can shine with a flashlight, you can catch it on the ground and the trunk under the tree at night, or you can catch it on the tree in the early morning. Artificially raised nymphs should be excavated from the ground in time according to the market price in the mature harvest season or let them be freely unearthed and captured. In the production season, the collected fresh nymphs are washed away with clean water, each box is 50g, the nymphs in the box are submerged with water and stored in the refrigerator. It can be processed and utilized after re-cleaning. Nymphs can be preserved for a long time, such as freezing or salting, or for a short time, such as soaking in water, soaking in light salt water or naturally preserving after excavation. When eating, you can put a proper amount of peanut oil into the pot after the pot is hot, put the nymph into the pot after the oil is boiled, fry it with slow fire, put it in a plate, sprinkle a little fine iodized salt, and eat it while it is hot. The taste is particularly fresh and tender. The processing method of cicada after wing removal is the same as that of nymph.

Golden cicada breeding should be regarded as an industry to develop golden cicada, also called crawling grasshopper, known as Tang monk meat. Because of its high nutritional value, unique style, good taste and various nourishing and medicinal functions, people have long compared eating golden cicada to "Tang monk meat" that can make people live forever. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, golden cicada has become a delicacy on the tables of major hotels and restaurants. The origin of golden cicada is mainly concentrated in Henan and Shandong. In urban and rural areas of our city, the golden cicada has always been deeply loved by the public. However, compared with previous years, the value of golden cicada has doubled, and diners talk about "cicada".

Golden cicada

The nickname of the small boss is "grasshopper monkey"

In Yanghoudi Village, suburban township, Yucheng County, Yang Chengren, the owner of the briquette factory, has an intriguing nickname "Climbing the grasshopper monkey". Because when he was a child, Yang Chengren liked to "touch" grasshoppers, and he "touched" more than his friends every time. In the evening, he and his friends talked and laughed all the way, "taking down" the golden cicada that was climbing the tree and lifting a small bamboo pole to sweep it into an adult golden cicada, which was very pleasant. At that time, because the family was poor and couldn't eat big meat, Jin Chan let Yang Chengren eat enough. "The golden cicada is the best after the rain." Yang Chengren recalled that when he was a child, on a rainy night, he and his father used screen windows to catch golden cicadas from the small river ditch at the head of the village and fished two barrels. The next day they went to the city and sold more than 20 yuan. Father was so happy that he took him to "touch" the golden cicada the next night. This summer, his family earned more than 300 yuan just by selling golden cicadas. Seeing buckets of golden cicadas being brought to the city by his father, Yang Chengren's saliva dripped. While my father was unprepared, he stole a few and ran to the village to roast them with fire. But it was later known by his father, who beat him up. At that time, Yang Chengren felt very wronged. Why did he "touch" the golden cicada and sell it to the city people? Now that Yang Chengren is the boss and rich, he still likes to "touch" the golden cicada on summer nights. In his words, "what he bought is not as delicious as what he' touched'."