What is a covered bridge?

The word "covered bridge" comes from a sad American novel and a film adapted from this novel. The covered bridge is a bridge with a house. In China, bridges with windproof and rainproof functions like this have various names. In the southwest, people call it "wind and rain bridge"; In Zhejiang and Fujian, it is called "Pteris vittata Bridge", "CuO Bridge" and "Queke Bridge".

Reference: ctp/magazine/272/index

Small bridges and flowing water. People appreciate Wuyuan, the most beautiful village in China. There are ancient villages, with clear water in front and green hills behind. Bridges, running water and people are everywhere. Simple folk customs and leisurely rural life are the portrayal of Wuyuan, the most beautiful village in China. It is also a paradise for urbanites who are engaged in business all day and have a fast pace of life. Wuyuan, with a long history and culture, is located in the northeast of Jiangxi Province, at the junction of Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces. Founded in the 28th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 740), it belongs to Qinzhou, Anhui Province. 1 949 may1and then transferred to Jiangxi province. The jurisdiction covers an area of 2,947 square kilometers, with forest coverage accounting for 8 1.5% of the total area, and cultural sites are all over the countryside. Due to the long-term accumulation of history and culture, Huizhou's traditional customs and culture are still preserved. The village was designed as a ship. Sixi Village is a famous ancient village in Wuyuan. It lies quietly in the mountain nest. Behind the ancient village, there are three green hills, and the continuous green hills extend all the way to the village. The house with white walls seems to be floating in a green ocean. A jade-like stream flows slowly in front of the village, gently holding the ancient village in her arms. A shop? Tongji Bridge, an antique covered bridge with blue tiles, spans a stream. The bridge is made of Chinese fir, which is natural without painting or carving. Qiaotou, an ancient bluestone post road, slowly extends to the distant mountains. Hard-working village women are busy washing clothes and vegetables by the stream. Most of the villagers in Sixi Village were surnamed Yu and lived in the late Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 199). When building a village by this river, they named the village Sixi and designed the whole village as a boat. Boarding the covered bridge, I saw the bridge bustling. Wood on both sides? In fact, in twos and threes, the village is full of old people and belts. Women in children's villages, they are growing leisurely? What a pleasant thing it is to rest, chat and entertain online. The pier in the middle of the river looks like a seagoing ship and stands on the side of the bow facing the water. The octagonal small stone pillar engraved with Buddha statues and scriptures is called "Tathagata Column", which comes from Buddhist architecture and can represent temples. Geomantic speaking, the temple is too cloudy to be built in the village, but it can be built in Shuikou to "suppress evil". In the "Bai Shou Flower Hall", Sixi Village is famous for its exquisite carvings, and Curie, a villager in the village, is full of exquisite hand carvings. The sculptures of Wuyuan folk houses are divided into brick carving, stone carving and wood carving according to their materials. The main feature of brick carving is to create a commercial door cover full of regional color. It is said that a beautiful door cover often goes through thousands of processes. Stone carvings are mainly blue-black chalcedony in Yixian, and stone materials are used to build colonnades and door walls of residential buildings. To appreciate the exquisite wood carvings, you can visit the "Bai Shou Flower Hall" in a famous old house in the village. Bai Shou Flower Hall was originally the guest building of Chengzhitang, which was built in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. This guest house is very well built and is the essence of Wuyuan residential architecture. The roof, eaves, cornices and doorposts of "Bai Shou Flower Hall" are covered with carvings, both flat and three-dimensional. The most special thing is that in the middle of ten screen doors, there are 96 characters "Longevity" engraved without fonts, plus one on the horizontal plate of the middle door, two on the window of the wing room and one on the baseline of the house, which just forms the "map of Bai Shou". Scholars come forth in large numbers. Many villages in Wuyuan are built facing the water and backed by mountains, but few villages build houses on both sides of streams. Likeng Village is an ancient village with houses built on both sides of a stream. Likeng Village is located in the northeast of Wuyuan County15km, belonging to Qiukou Town, formerly known as "Tian Li". It was built in the Northern Song Dynasty for three years (A.D. 10 10). This village was built by a man named Dong Li, a hermit who used to be a doctor from Wu Pin to Chaoshan. Pay attention to education and cultivate talents after the village is built. According to the genealogy of the village, there were 18 Jinshi in the village for hundreds of years from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, and in the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 168+067), there was a martial arts champion. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most villagers went out to do business and saved money to return to their hometown. In addition to building houses, they also built 12 temples and pavilions. There are more than 200 families in Likeng Village, with a population of 1000, and most of them live on both sides of the stream. The existing ancient houses mainly include Li Zhicheng's former residence, Dafu, Miss Xiulou, Tonglufang, Sun Moon Lake, Jiaoquan, Shenming Pavilion, Tongji Bridge and Yuchilou. Want to join us? The winding Bayside Trail passes through the ancient temple next to Wenchang Pavilion and Weixiang Bridge, and then it takes about 20 minutes to stay, and then it reaches Likeng Village. Antique houses are built on both sides of the stream and hung in front of the house? Red lanterns, several wooden boats moored by the stream, and those hanging on them? Red lanterns and houses are reflected in the water, interwoven into a beautiful Chinese painting. Climbing to the observation deck at the top of the mountain, you can see the roof of the village house, which is very spectacular. Walking in Likeng Village is like walking into a picture of a small bridge running water. The most beautiful covered bridge painted rainbow rainbow bridge, known as the most beautiful covered bridge in China, is located about 400 meters away from the center of Tsinghua town. Cunninghamia lanceolata covered bridge is a major feature of Wuyuan. Covered bridges are also called Louqiao and Yufeng Bridge. Its advantage is that it can shelter pedestrians from the wind and rain, and also protect the bridge from the wind and rain. Rainbow Bridge is a typical covered bridge in Wuyuan. It is made of Chinese fir, with no oil paint and no carving. It is presented to people with its original and simple beauty, which is natural and simple, and achieves the effect of "clear water produces hibiscus". Rainbow Bridge was built in the Southern Song Dynasty, spanning the Tsinghua River. It was named after the Tang poem "Two Rivers Reflect in the Mirror, Two Bridges Fall in the Rainbow". It used to be the main traffic route between north and south. The bridge is 140m long and 6.5m wide, with four piers and five holes, with pavilions built on the piers and corridors built on the bridge deck between pavilions. The pavilion is slightly higher than the corridor, with blue tile roofs and hundreds of wooden pillars. 1 1 The scattered pavilions are connected into rainbow waves, which are three-dimensional and simple, full of exquisite beauty. There are railings and long corridors on both sides. For pedestrians to take a nap. Is there a stone table stone in the pavilion? Drinking tea and playing chess in the pavilion has an ancient feeling. The pier of Rainbow Bridge is the most exquisite part of the whole ancient bridge. The piers are all made of bluestone, with sharp front ends, commonly known as "pharynx". The four piers are like four swallows flapping their wings and flying out of the bridge corridor, trying to fly into the sky. The "Yanzui" wharf is lush with flowers and birds, and there is a pavilion at the end of the wharf. Wharf construction depends on the situation, and the distance is different. Maximum span12.8m, minimum span 9.8m, with a difference of 3m. This kind of design seems random, but in fact it is clever, which can not only resist the flood impulse, but also add beauty to the ancient bridge. There are many strange rocks everywhere. Lingyan Cave Group consists of 36 caves including Qingyun, Lianhua, Han Xu, Xu Ling and Qiongzhi, among which Hanxu Cave is the most worth seeing. Han Xudong is located on the mountainside of Nanma Mountain, Tongyuanguan Village, Gutan Township, 60 kilometers northwest of Wuyuan County, and 23 kilometers away from Tsinghua Town. The entrance is 290 meters above sea level, covers an area of 7,200 square meters, and the journey is 2 100 meters. It is divided into 7 floors, and the lower it is, the more empty it is. The ground floor is connected with the underground river, so you can get out of the hole by boat. Han Xudong is a cave with the most beautiful scenery and the richest landscape in the Lingdong Group, which is famous for its "dangerous caves, strange rocks, strange water and fragrant ink". The most rare thing is that the cave is still preserved? Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, there have been more than a thousand kinds of celebrity inscriptions. The stalactites in the cave have different shapes, which make people dazzled and amazed. Travel memorandum Transportation: It takes about 6 hours to fly from China to Nanchang and then transfer to Wuyuan by bus. Or fly from Shenzhen to Quzhou or Jingdezhen, and then take a bus to Wuyuan, which takes about 2 hours. Accommodation: Jinniu Hotel (Samsung Hotel), located at No.56, wuyi avenue, Chengbei Development Zone, Wuyuan County Tel: 0793-7354327 Standard Room: 220 yuan Renminbi Jiangwan Hotel (a better Samsung hotel), standard room located at Wenbo Road, Wuyuan County: 398 RMB; Tel: 0793-7343333 Fax: 0793-7350 168 Tickets: Sixi Village 15 yuan Likeng Village 15 yuan Rainbow Bridge 15 yuan Lingyuan Cave Group Four-color specialty 20 yuan: Bai (Jiangwan Sydney) Four ancient buildings in Wuyuan: Local culture: Hui Opera (one of the original operas of Beijing Opera, evolved from the blending of Southern Opera and Kunqu Opera in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties). Nuo dance (also known as ghost play, that is, the kind of dance that is danced every time you play, and is carried by dancers? Exaggerated woodcarving mask. )

Many people are familiar with the word "covered bridge" because it comes from a sad American novel and a movie adapted from it. The covered bridge is a bridge with a house. In China, bridges with windproof and rainproof functions like this have various names. In the southwest, people call it "wind and rain bridge"; In Zhejiang and Fujian, it is called "Pteris vittata Bridge", "CuO Bridge" and "Queke Bridge". In late spring and rainy May, the author drove through the deep mountain canyon in the border area between China, Zhejiang and Fujian, and traced back to more than 200 beautiful ancient covered bridges there.

Covered bridge, also known as Hongqiao and Pteris vittata Bridge, is a kind of covered bridge, which can protect the bridge from wind and rain and provide places for people to rest, communicate and get together. There are mainly covered bridges, stone arch bridges, covered bridges in Mu Ping, wind and rain bridges and pavilion bridges. Among them, the covered bridge is located in the mountainous area at the junction of Fujian and Zhejiang, especially Taishun, Zhejiang, and is known as the hometown of covered bridges. At present, there are more than 200 covered bridges. At the end of 2005, Zhejiang Taishun, Qingyuan, Jingning, Fujian Shouning, Pingnan, Fuding and other counties and cities jointly declared the covered bridge on the National Preparatory List of World Cultural Heritage. In addition, the styles of covered bridges in Europe (Central Europe) and North America are different from those in China, and each has its own characteristics, such as kapellbrucke in the Swiss town of Lucerne. Historical covered bridges have a history of more than 2,000 years in China, and there are records about covered bridges in the Han Dynasty. Hongqiao prevailed in the Central Plains during the Northern Song Dynasty, represented by Bianshui Hongqiao. However, Bianshui Hongqiao is only preserved in the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, some experts believe that this Hongqiao technology still exists in the covered bridge at the junction of Fujian and Zhejiang, and has not been lost. [Editor] Covered Bridge, which is located in the mountainous area at the junction of Fujian and Zhejiang, includes Taishun, Qingyuan and Jingning in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Shouning, Pingnan and Fuding in Ningde, Fujian. There are more than 200 lounges on the bridge. Taishun County, qingyuan county County, Jingning County and Shouning County are said to have been set up to celebrate the emperor's birthday during Jingtai period of Ming Dynasty. There are differences in the appearance of covered bridges in different places. The covered bridges in Taishun and Jingning have narrow stools and semi-closed side plates. The benches in Qingyuan and Shouning are spacious, with fully enclosed side panels and various small windows for lighting. The covered bridge is also called "wooden arch bridge" by scholars, and it is called Pteris tata Bridge by Taishun locals. The study of covered bridges began in the middle of the 20th century. 1959, Mr. Luo Ying published Historical Materials of Chinese Bridges, which included Mr. Tang Huancheng's article on the research of Bianshui Hongqiao. At that time, the academic community generally believed that Hongqiao technology had been lost. In the late 1970s, people "discovered" covered bridges in southern Zhejiang, so Mao Yisheng's "History of Ancient Bridge Technology in China" took five bridges, such as Xuezhai Bridge in Taishun and Zhukou Bridge in Qingyuan, as examples to prove that "Hongqiao technology prevailing in the Central Plains in Beining period has not been lost", and it has been discussed many times since then. However, Professor Zhao Chen from the Department of Architecture of Nanjing University thinks that covered bridges are typical cultural heritages of mountain settlements. Professor Zhao Chen's basis is that there are many cliffs at the junction of Zhejiang and Fujian. Walking is extremely inconvenient, so building roads and bridges has become the basic demand of local residents, and the local area is rich in Chinese fir, which provides a source of materials for wooden arch bridges. At the same time, the local area is located in the subtropical maritime monsoon climate zone, and it is rainy in summer, so it is necessary to cover the porch and side plates to protect the wooden bridge. At the same time, because of this, the covered bridge has become the center of communication and gathering for local residents. Qingyuan covered bridge Qingyuan covered bridge is a fully enclosed wide bridge stool. In order to make the bridge deck more durable, pebbles were laid. Jingning is an autonomous county of She nationality, with covered bridges such as Longqiao and Lanxi Bridge. There are more than 50 wooden arch, wooden flat and stone arcade bridges in Jingning, including 6 covered bridges. Shouning has Dida Bridge and other covered bridges. According to statistics, there are 19 bridges and covered bridges in Shouning, which were built in Qingganlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Tongzhi and Guangxu, from the Republic of China to 1967. In Kengdi Township, Shouning County, Duo Jin Zheng, the only old man who knows how to build a covered bridge is over 70 years old. Yangxitou Bridge was built by Duo Jin Zheng in 1967, which is considered as the last covered bridge built in China. Pingnan Covered Bridges According to statistics, there are 13 covered bridges in Pingnan. Wan 'an Bridge, built in the Song Dynasty, is nearly 100 meters long and is the longest covered bridge in China. Fuding Covered Bridge The Old Man Bridge in Xiyang Village, Guanyang Town, fuding city is the only covered bridge in fuding city. The bridge for the aged was built in Zheng De's reign of Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Kangxi's reign of Qing Dynasty. Yufeng Bridge is located in Chengyang Bridge in Chengyang, Guangxi (August 2004-16). Yufeng Bridge is the representative of Dong architecture, also known as Feng Shui Bridge, Flower Bridge and Cool Bridge. Distributed in Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou and Guangxi. Generally, it consists of bridges, towers and pavilions. Generally, multi-storey towers or pavilions are built on stone bridge piers, and the eaves of each floor are inclined. There is a gourd and a Millennium crane mascot at the top. The famous Fengyu Bridge is Chengyang Bridge located on Linxi River in Sanjiang, Guangxi. Chengyang Bridge, built in 19 16, is a wooden beam bridge with four holes and five piers. Pavilion Bridge Pavilion Bridge is a bridge with pavilions built on it, which is mainly distributed in southern China, such as Hangzhou, Yangzhou, Suzhou and other cities. Its representative is Jade Belt Qinghong (Jade Belt Bridge), one of the ten scenic spots of West Lake in Hangzhou. Jade Belt Rainbow is located on the west side of Su Causeway and Jinsha Port, opposite to Wangshan Bridge in Su Causeway. In addition, the pavilion bridge is represented by Wu Ting Bridge in Slender West Lake in Yangzhou and Xiaofeihong in Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou. Kapellbrücke, the European covered bridge, is located in the small Swiss town of Lucerne. It is 245 meters long and spans the Royce River. Built in 1333, it is the oldest covered wooden bridge in Europe. Because there was a church nearby when it was built, it was also called the church bridge. There is an octagonal water tower in the center of the bridge, which used to be a watchtower, a prison and a vault, but now it is a guild hall. There are many religious and historical paintings on the cross eyebrows of the bridge. Kabel Bridge was destroyed by a fire in 1993 and was realistically rebuilt.