Joke Collection Website - Talk about mood - I haven't touched the stock. Can you tell me what it is?
I haven't touched the stock. Can you tell me what it is?
Stock trading is the act of using money to buy and sell stocks in the securities market to arbitrage the stock price difference. To put it simply, the supply and demand of funds determine the price of stocks. If there are more people to buy, the price will rise, and if there are more people to sell, the price will fall. The inflow or outflow of a large amount of funds causes stock prices to fluctuate, and the ups and downs are repeated. This is called "stock trading". Investors just want to grasp the price fluctuations of these stocks, follow the trend, and do business at the right pace, that is, buy at a low price and sell at a high price for profit. The process of stock trading 1. Opening an account 1. To buy stocks, you must entrust the securities company trading agent, so you must find a securities company to open an account. Steps for opening an account: opening a securities account-> Open a capital account-> Note for handling designated transactions: 1. You must handle the account opening procedures in person. First of all, you should open securities accounts in Shanghai and Shenzhen; Secondly, you can get a securities trading card by opening a capital account. Then, according to the regulations of Shanghai Stock Exchange, you should handle the designated transaction, and you can buy and sell stocks in Shanghai stock market in the sales department after handling the designated transaction. 2. When you open a securities account, you must bring the original and photocopy of your ID card, and when you open a capital account, you must also bring the original and photocopy of your securities account card. If you need to entrust others to operate, you need to go through the entrustment formalities together with the agent (the agent must also bring my ID card). 3. One ID card can only open one securities account. If you have opened an account in another securities company, you need to open an account after the securities company has gone through the formalities of canceling the designated transaction and transferring it to custody. When opening an account, you only need to open a capital account and handle the designated transaction. 4. To open an account with a securities company, and go through relevant procedures such as shareholder account card, fund account, online trading business and telephone trading business of SSE or SZSE. At the same time, online trading, warrant trading and entrepreneurial trading procedures can be handled. Then, download the online trading software designated by the securities company. 5. The general handling fee for opening an account is around 1 yuan (each securities company is different). 6. Open a current account with the bank, including a bank card, and open a bank-securities transfer business to deposit money in the bank. 7. Transfer the money from the bank to the fund account of the securities company through the online trading system or telephone trading system. 8. You can buy and sell stocks in the online trading system or the telephone trading system. 2. As a shareholder, you can't directly enter the stock exchange to buy and sell stocks, but only through the members of the stock exchange, and the so-called members of the stock exchange are the usual securities operating institutions, that is, brokers. You can give orders to brokers to buy or sell stocks, which is called entrustment. Entrustment must be based on the transaction password or securities account. What needs to be pointed out here is that the legal entrustment in China's securities trading is the price limit entrustment that is effective on the same day. This means that the entrustment instructions issued by shareholders to securities firms must specify: ① shareholder name ② fund card number ③ buying (or selling) ④ Shanghai (or Shenzhen) ⑤ stock name ⑥ stock code ⑧ entrustment price ⑧ entrustment quantity. And this entrustment is only valid on the day when the entrustment is issued. The abbreviation of a stock is usually four to three Chinese characters, and the code of the stock is six digits. The code and abbreviation of the stock must be consistent when it is entrusted for sale. There are four ways to entrust: 1. Counter delivery entrustment: you bring your ID card and account card, fill in the power of attorney for buying or selling stocks at the counter of the securities business department where you open a capital account, and then the staff at the counter will review it and execute it. 2. Automatic entrustment by computer: that is, you personally enter the code, quantity and price of buying or selling stocks on the computer in the lobby of the securities business department, and the computer will execute your entrustment instructions. 3. Auto-entrustment by telephone: that is, dial the telephone auto-entrustment system at the counter of the securities business department where you open a capital account by telephone, and use the numbers and symbol keys on the telephone to input the code, quantity and price of the stock you want to buy or sell to complete the entrustment. 4. Online entrustment: that is, you give orders to buy or sell through a remote terminal connected to the computer system or the Internet. Note: Except for the way that the staff at the counter confirms your identity, the other three ways of entrustment confirm your identity through your transaction password, so be sure to take good care of your transaction password to avoid leakage and bring you unnecessary losses. When you confirm your identity, you will send the entrustment to the matching host of the exchange computer transaction. The match-making host of the exchange checks the legitimacy of the received entrustment, then determines the transaction price according to the bidding rules, automatically matches the transaction, and immediately sends the result to the securities firm, so that you can know whether your entrustment has been closed. Entrustments that can't be closed are queued according to the principle of "price first, time first", waiting for the entrusted transactions that come in later. The entrustment that can't be concluded on the same day will automatically become invalid, and the entrustment will be re-entrusted in the above way the next day. Third, the trading rules also have certain provisions on the number of stocks bought and sold: that is, the number of stocks entrusted to buy must be an integral multiple of one hand (1 shares per hand), but the number of stocks entrusted to sell may not be an integral multiple of 1. The buying or selling price must be within 1% of yesterday's closing price to be effective. "Price first, time first" is adopted in stock trading: during the continuous bidding period, because many investors may buy and sell the same stock at the same time, the exchange has formulated the principle of "price first, time first". IV. Trading Hours The specific trading hours of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges are from Monday to Friday, with the morning market as the front market, call auction time from 9: 15 to 9: 25, continuous bidding time from 9: 3 to 11: 3, lunch break from 11: 3 to 13: , and continuous bidding time from 13: to 15: in the afternoon. In order to avoid artificial market-making, Shenzhen market started at 14: 57 in the last 3 minutes before the afternoon closing, and entered call auction time again until 15: , which is different from Shanghai market. Closed days: No trading is allowed on Saturdays, Sundays and closed days (national statutory holidays) announced by the SSE. V. Costs of stock trading usually include stamp duty, commission, transfer fees and other expenses. 1. Stamp duty: Stamp duty is stipulated in the national tax law. Taxes levied on investors of buyers and sellers according to the prescribed tax rate after the transaction of stocks (including A shares and B shares). The payment of stamp duty is deducted by the securities operating institution in the delivery with investors, and then settled centrally in the clearing delivery between the securities operating institution and the stock exchange or the registration and settlement institution, and finally paid uniformly by the registration and settlement institution to the tax authorities. The charging standard is 1‰ of the transaction amount of A shares. Funds, bonds, etc. do not have this fee. 2. Commission: Commission refers to the fee paid by investors to brokers according to a certain proportion of the transaction amount after the transaction of entrusted securities. This fee is generally composed of brokerage commission of brokers, transaction handling fee of stock exchanges and supervision fee of management institutions. The charging standard of A-share commission is: .1-3% of the transaction amount, starting from 5 yuan; (Less than 5 yuan is charged by 5 yuan-two-way charge) III. transfer fees: transfer fees refers to the fees paid by the buyers and sellers for the change of equity registration after the transaction of stocks and funds entrusted by investors. This income belongs to the income of securities registration and clearing institutions, which is deducted by securities operating institutions in the era of clearing and delivery with investors. The charging standard in transfer fees is: A shares of Shanghai Stock Exchange, and 1 yuan is charged for every 1 shares bought and sold. (Less than 1 yuan, if you buy 9 shares in 1 yuan, .9 yuan will also accept 1 yuan). The Shenzhen Stock Exchange exempts A shares, funds and bonds from trading in transfer fees. VI. Stock classification can be divided into: A shares: also known as RMB ordinary shares, tradable shares, public shares and common shares. Refers to those ordinary stocks registered in Chinese mainland and listed in Chinese mainland. Subscribe and trade in RMB. B shares: Also known as RMB special shares. Refers to those special stocks registered in Chinese mainland and listed in Chinese mainland. Indicate the face value in RMB, and can only subscribe and trade in foreign currency. H shares: Also known as state-owned shares, refer to the shares of state-owned enterprises listed in Hong Kong. In addition, according to the performance, it is divided into: ST shares: ST refers to the stocks that have suffered losses for two consecutive years and have been specially treated; *ST refers to the stocks of domestic listed companies that have suffered losses for three consecutive years. Taking off the hat means that it used to be ST, but now it has been removed. Junk stock: the stock of a company that operates at a loss or violates regulations. Blue-chip stocks: The company is operating well, with good performance and earnings per share above .5 yuan. Blue chip: In the stock market, the stocks of large companies that occupy an important dominant position in their industries, have excellent performance, active transactions and generous dividends are called blue chips. VII. Selecting stocks The process of stock investment analysis is divided into eight steps. 1. Advantage analysis: What does the company do? Is there a brand advantage? Is there a monopoly advantage? Is it an index stock? 2. Industry analysis: What is the prospect of the industry? What is its position in this industry? 3. Financial analysis: What is the profitability? What is the growth momentum? Is the product profitable? Can the product be exchanged for real money? Is the guarantee ratio high? Does the major shareholder owe much? 4. Return analysis: Is the company's return to shareholders high? More money or more dividends? Is there a good dividend plan in the near future? 5. Main force analysis: Is the institution increasing or reducing positions? Are the chips more concentrated or scattered? What is the situation of ups and downs? Is there a big deal? 6. Valuation analysis: Is the current stock price overvalued or undervalued? 7. Technical analysis: How has the stock performed recently? Where are the support and resistance levels? 8. Analysis summary: What is the analysis result? What are the variables? Eight, how to select stocks in the current market environment? 1. Institutional investors should be optimistic. From the public information, it can be seen that QFII, funds, insurance or social security funds are stationed among the major shareholders of tradable shares; 2. It is a leading or monopoly industry, which is one of the basic conditions for institutional investors to choose stocks in recent years; 3. Sufficient cash flow and provident fund show that the basic financial situation of the enterprise is good; 4. The P/E ratio is low, preferably around 1 times, indicating that there is still room for growth in the future; 5, "with power" can be highly distributed; 6, understand the background, not affected by macro-control; 7. Having performance development and good expansion expectation. In view of the above conditions, we should consider them comprehensively, and the more conditions we meet, the better. Can't listen to hearsay, can't trust stock reviews; Be sure to observe calmly, analyze carefully, look at the trend, grasp the direction, and choose your own stocks. Nine, the basic terms of stock trading bull market: there are more buyers than sellers in the stock market, and the bullish stock market is called bull market. Bear market: the opposite of bull market. There are more sellers than buyers in the stock market, and the bearish stock market is called a bear market. Price-earnings ratio: the ratio of the stock price divided by the earnings per share, also known as the price-earnings ratio. P/B ratio: the ratio between the market price and the net assets per share. The lower the ratio, the lower the risk. Turnover rate: the frequency of stock turnover in the market in a certain period of time, and it is also one of the indicators reflecting the strength of stock liquidity. Its calculation formula is: turnover rate (turnover rate) = turnover in a certain period/total number of shares issued × 1%. Opening price: refers to the first transaction of a security on a stock exchange every business day, and the transaction price of the first transaction is the opening price of the day. According to the regulations of Shanghai Stock Exchange, if there is no transaction within half an hour after the opening of the market, the opening price of the previous day is the opening price of the day. Sometimes, if a security has not been traded for several days in a row, the stock exchange will put forward a guiding price according to the price trend entrusted by customers for the trading of the securities, so as to make it the opening price after the transaction. The average price or average selling price of the securities listed and traded on the first day is the opening price. Closing price: refers to the transaction price of the last transaction of a certain security before the end of one-day trading activities on the stock exchange. If there is no transaction on that day, the latest transaction price will be used as the closing price, because the closing price is the standard of the current market and the basis of the opening price of the next trading day, which can be used to predict the future securities market; Therefore, when investors analyze the market, they generally use the closing price as the calculation basis. Volume: the number of shares traded in a stock exchange. If the seller sells 1 million shares and the buyer buys 1 million shares at the same time, the turnover of this stock is 1 million shares. Turnover: the total amount of a stock multiplied by its transaction price. Leading stock: refers to the stock that has influence and appeal to other stocks in the same industry in the speculation of the stock market in a certain period, and its ups and downs often play a guiding and exemplary role in the ups and downs of other stocks in the same industry. The leading stock is not static, and its position can only be maintained for a period of time. Large-cap stocks and small-cap stocks: generally, stocks with a circulating share capital of more than 1 million are called large-cap stocks; 5 million to 1 million stocks are called mid-market; Less than 5 million shares are called small-cap stocks. As far as the price-earnings ratio is concerned, the price-earnings ratio of small-cap stocks is higher than that of mid-cap stocks, and mid-cap stocks are higher than that of large-cap stocks. Especially when the market is weak, there are more opportunities for small-cap stocks. In the bull market, large-cap stocks and mid-cap stocks are more suitable for the entry and exit of large funds, so stocks with large plates are more optimistic. Because of the large circulation and great influence on the index, it often becomes a tool for the market to regulate the index. Investors should choose individual stocks. Generally, small and medium-sized stocks should be selected in a bear market, and large and medium-sized stocks should be selected in a bull market. Price limit: it means that the trading price of securities shall not exceed 1% relative to the closing price of the previous trading day, except for the securities on the first day of listing; Entrustment exceeding the price limit is invalid. Wash dishes: Speculators first cut the stock price sharply, causing a large number of small stock investors (retail investors) to panic and sell their stocks, and then raise the stock price in order to take advantage of the opportunity. Rebound: In the stock market, the stock price is in a downward trend, and the adjustment phenomenon that the stock price eventually reverses and rises to a certain price due to the rapid decline of the stock price is called rebound. Generally speaking, the rebound rate of stocks is smaller than the decline rate, usually when it rebounds to about one-third of the previous decline rate, it resumes the original downward trend. Lock-in: refers to the trading risks encountered in stock trading. For example, investors expect the stock price to rise, but the stock price has been declining after buying. This phenomenon is called long lock-in. On the contrary, investors expect the stock price to fall and sell the borrowed stock short, but the stock price has been rising. This phenomenon is called short-selling Resistance level: the stock market is influenced by bullish information. When the stock price rises to a certain price, the bulls think it is profitable and sell it in large quantities, so that the stock price stops rising and even falls back. In the stock market, the price when encountering resistance is generally called a level, and the level when the stock price rises is called a resistance line. Support line: the stock market is affected by bad news. When the stock price falls to a certain price, the bears think it is profitable and buy a lot of stocks, so that the stock price will no longer fall, or even rise. The checkpoint when the stock price falls is called the support line. X. The strategy of stock trading is "never get stuck". No matter which stock, no matter who recommended it to you, you will hold it when it rises, and never sell it. Once it falls more than 5% from the highest point, it must be sold in half within one hour before the close. The next day, if it falls by 1% from the highest point, it will be cleared. The operation of funds must definitely be divided into positions. For retail investors, the investment in a stock cannot exceed 2% of the total assets.
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