Shallow reading

In the digital age, our brains have been changed.

In the digital age, our brains have been changed.

sop

As we know, the human brain is plastic, and it may change when the lifestyle of human beings changes. Since ancient humans first discovered how to use tools, the human brain has been rapidly and obviously influenced. In the digital age, great changes have taken place in our lifestyle. When we can't live without the internet and mobile phones every day, has our brain been changed?

Scientists believe that the deep dependence on network technology has changed the way of human thinking. This is most obvious when reading. The deep reading of books is different from the shallow reading of online information. Nicholas Carr, an American technical expert, wrote in the book "The Internet also has a dark side": "In the past few years, I have always had an uncomfortable feeling that someone or something is changing my brain. My way of thinking now is completely different from that in the past. I can feel this most strongly when I read. Reading a book or a long article for a long time used to be a piece of cake. I have spent several hours wandering in a long speech, and my brain can grasp the evolution of narrative or the turning point of argument to think. But this is no longer the case. My attention often begins to drift after reading two or three pages. I feel that I have been trying to bring my wayward brain back to the book. "

3 Deep reading of books requires patience, and digital reading can be called a "patience killer". Take Weibo as an example. It takes only a few minutes to browse a Weibo page and only a few seconds to look at each Weibo. Constantly scanning, browsing, searching for interesting keywords, and clicking on reading-this process is exciting enough because of the richness and diversity of information, but obviously not enough to exercise patience. An excellent book usually has an internal logical framework, and only by entering this logical framework can it be said that it is reading. However, online content, especially social media such as Weibo, is not related to each other, so skipping is certainly illogical. The Internet not only provides people with a feast of information, but also "fragments" our thinking.

④ In the digital age, the structure of the human brain has also changed. As the Internet and smart phones have penetrated into daily life, people have a special liking for touch screens. Some people are nicknamed "Thumb Clan" because they frequently tap their smartphones. However, it is such a seemingly simple repetitive action that is constantly shaping people's brains. In an experiment, neuroscientists from the University of Zurich, Switzerland invited 37 heavy users of mobile phones to participate in the experiment, 26 of them used smart touch-screen phones, 1 1 people used ordinary touch-button phones. They connected electrodes to the heads of these participants and tested the responses of their thumbs, forefinger and middle finger to the cerebral cortex when using mobile phones. Scientists recorded the activities of these participants 10 days. The results show that the activity of thumb control related areas in the cerebral cortex is higher in people who use touch-screen mobile phones, but there is no obvious change in people who use touch-button mobile phones. The more times you use a touch-screen phone, the more active the corresponding area of the cerebral cortex is. Growing up in the digital age, "digital aborigines" have changed the way their brains form neural pathways because they use their thumbs to surf the Internet and control their smartphones for a long time.

⑤ In the digital age, people are better at using social networks to communicate with others, but their ability to communicate with others is getting weaker and weaker in real life. Modern diseases such as ADHD, autism, depression, restlessness and multitasking addiction are closely related to excessive internet access and video games.

(Excerpted from Knowledge Encyclopedia 20 15.03, with deletion)

18. Read the full text and talk about what changes the digital age has brought to our brains.

(1) changed the way of human thinking. The fragmentation of our thinking is not enough to exercise patience. The structure of the human brain has also changed, and the way the brain forms neural pathways has also changed. ④ In real life, the ability to communicate with people is getting weaker and weaker, and modern diseases such as ADHD appear.

19. The two words that best embody the characteristics of "deep reading" in the underlined sentence in the second paragraph of the article are persistence and hesitation.

20. In the underlined part of the first paragraph of the article, various interpretation methods are used, one of which is pointed out and its function is analyzed.

The underlined part uses three interpretation methods: example, comparison and enumeration. For comparison. By comparing "people who use smart touch-screen phones" with "people who use ordinary touch-screen phones", this paper highlights that people who use touch-screen phones have higher activity in the areas related to thumb control in the cerebral cortex, which is a characteristic of brain structure change.

2 1. According to the context, analyze the function of words in the following sentences.

(1) In-depth reading of books requires patience, and digital reading can be called "patience killer".

The word "patience killer" is analogized, which shows the disadvantage that digital reading is "not enough to exercise patience". It embodies the vividness of explanatory language.

(2) However, it is such a seemingly simple repetitive movement that is constantly shaping the human brain.

The word "continuous" is limited. In the sentence, it refers to the shaping effect of tapping on the screen of smart phone on human brain. It reflects the accuracy and thoroughness of the explanation language.

22. The following is a correct understanding of the content of article (b)

A. Carl said that when he was browsing the web, his attention often began to drift after reading two or three pages, and it took a lot of effort to pull his brain back.

B. When reading Weibo, people constantly scan, browse and search, which leads to the lack of internal logical framework of reading content, and it is inevitable to skip reading.

C in the digital age, people are better at using social networks to communicate with others, but their ability to communicate with others in real life is declining.

D modern diseases, such as ADHD, autism, depression, anxiety and multitasking addiction, are all caused by excessive internet access and video games.

1. 1.(4 points) The digital age has changed our way of thinking and changed our brain structure. (2 points each) Analyze the five paragraphs of the article * * * and adopt the structure of total score. The first paragraph always affects the whole body, and the last paragraph summarizes the full text. The middle three sections can be divided into two layers, the second section is one layer and the fourth section is another layer. According to the content of the article, extract the required information in paragraphs ② ~ ④. The first sentence of paragraph 2, "Scientists believe that the deep dependence on network technology has changed the way of thinking of human beings", leads to the following contents, from which the content of paragraph 2 (3) is expanded; The first sentence of paragraph (4), "In the digital age, the human brain structure has also been changed", leads to the following content, and the content of paragraph (4) is expanded from this, so we can extract information from these two sentences.

2.(4 points) Persistent thinking (2 points per grid) Analysis First understand the meaning of "deep reading": "deep reading" refers to persistent reading and deep thinking, and "deep reading" refers to "a reading method that can deeply and persistently think". In the second paragraph of the article, "Deep reading books is different from shallow reading in order to get information on web pages" and the third paragraph, "It only takes a few minutes to browse a Weibo page", we can see that deep reading is different from browsing web pages, but it takes a long reading time. Based on the above analysis, read the underlined sentences in the second paragraph again and find out the words with the same meaning as the word "deep reading", namely "persistence" and "thinking".

3 .(3 points) Example 1: Take the experiment of neuroscientists at the University of Zurich in Switzerland as an example, which shows that frequent use of smart phones can change the human brain. Example 2: Enumerate data (words) to accurately explain the number of participants, groups and duration of this experiment, so as to make the conclusion more scientific. Example 3: Comparison: Comparing the different reactions of related brain regions between smart touch-screen mobile phone users and touch-button mobile phone users, it is highlighted that using smart phones can change people's brains. (Explanation method 1, function 2) The underlined part of the fourth paragraph "In an experiment" means that the explanation method of examples is used here, and the analysis of its three uses can be expressed in the sentence pattern of "List examples and explain in detail ……", and the explanation method of examples is used here to illustrate that frequent use of smart phones can change the brain structure of people; Numbers such as "37 digits", "26 people", "1 1 person" and "10 day" indicate that the interpretation method of column number is adopted here, and the analysis of its function can be expressed by the sentence "list the numbers and explain them accurately ……", which is accurate and powerful. "The cerebral cortex ... is higher than that of people who use touch-screen mobile phones, and ..." There is no obvious change "indicates that the comparative explanation method is used here, and the analysis of its function can be expressed by the sentence" comparison "... with ... highlighting ...", while the comparative explanation method is used here to compare the different reactions of the cerebral cortex of smart touch-screen mobile phone users and touch-button mobile phone users after using their mobile phones, thus explaining the use of smart phones.

4.(5 points) (1) Using metaphors, it vividly illustrates the deep harm of digital reading to patience. (Metaphor 1 min, language feature 1 min, indicating the feature of an object 1 min) (2) "continuous" means continuous and uninterrupted, which accurately shows that frequent tapping on a smartphone will constantly change people's brains. (1 for explanation, 1 for analysis)