The art of writing at the beginning of a seven-character poem

Seven-character quatrains are a genre of traditional Chinese poetry and belong to the category of modern poetry. There are four poems in this style, each with seven words, and there are strict metrical requirements in rhyme and adhesion. The poetic style originated from Yuefu songs in the Southern Dynasties or Yuefu folk songs in the Northern Dynasties or folk songs in the Western Jin Dynasty, and its stereotypes matured in the Tang Dynasty. Representative works include Wang Changling's Two Farewells to Furong Inn and Xin Qiji, Li Bai's The First Generation of Baidicheng, Du Fu's Downstream Meeting Li Guinian, and Yanjiao's Feeling of Watching the Tide.

Seven-character quatrain is a kind of quatrain, which is called seven-character quatrain for short, and its origin is not clear. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people thought that the Four Musts originated from Xiao Gang, Yu Shinan or the four great masters, and all of them referred to the seven-character law. Although in its development process, the Seven Juexing was indeed dominated by the law, like the Five Juexing, the formation of the ancient Juexing still preceded the law. Modern scholars at home and abroad generally tend to regard Yuefu folk songs in the Northern Dynasties as the source of seven-character ancient poems. Some scholars also believe that the source of seven-character ancient poetry should be traced back to the folk songs of the Western Jin Dynasty. Although there were mature seven-character quatrains like Ge Yanxing written by Cao Pi in the Han and Wei Dynasties, the earliest complete seven-character four-sentence style appeared in the ballads of the Western Jin Dynasty. This is the song of the old man in Yuzhou, which rhymes: "Fortunately, Li escaped from danger and became a loving father. Xuanjiu forgot to work hard, so why bother thinking about singing and dancing? "

In the early Tang Dynasty, the seven-character quatrains were not only few in number and narrow in subject matter, but also had little influence on the poetry circle and were not mature enough in art. Not only was the rhythm not completely coordinated, but the style was relatively sluggish (such as the first half of an antithetical poem) and lacked long rhyme. Famous poets in the early Tang Dynasty, such as Shen Quanqi and Song, were good at writing regular poems, but the level of seven-character regular poems was average. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, a large number of poets with four wonders emerged, and they made great progress in art, which can keep pace with the five wonders. Li Bai, Wang Changling, Wang Zhihuan, Wang Wei, Jia Zhi, Gao Shi, Cen Can and Chang Jian. It was really a group of four-line experts in the poetry circle at that time. Li Bai and Wang Changling are two people who represent the highest achievements of the Four Wonders. Wang Changling took the lead in creating seven wonders, and the themes of the seven wonders in his works have been greatly expanded, such as joining the army, leaving the village, remembering the past, seeing off, hunting, feasting, worshiping Buddha, worshiping Taoism, thinking of women and complaining about the palace. All of them can be expressed by the four wonders, which expands the influence of the four wonders in poetry. Li Bai's seven-character quatrains can better reflect the typical characteristics of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In the middle Tang Dynasty, there were many poets who were good at the Four Musts, such as Li Yi and Liu Yuxi, but their basic methods did not break through their predecessors. In the late Tang Dynasty, the Seven Wonders had a new development in the hands of Du Mu, Li Shangyin and Wen.

Seven-character quatrains, because you can be informal and antithetical, so you can compose freely; Because of the short space, the sentences are refined and implicit, with many meanings; Because pay attention to melody, cadence, catchy, suitable for chanting. Since the Tang Dynasty, many famous poems and excellent sentences have appeared, which is one of the most popular poetic styles.

Metric seven-character quatrains belong to modern poems with strict metrical requirements. The first is fixed length. The whole poem consists of four sentences, each with seven words, totaling * * * 28 words. Secondly, the rhyme is rigorous, usually only flat, not rhyming. It is also necessary to pay attention to the level tone, that is, it is required to conform to the level tone law, that is, in general, two syllables (two words) are a step, and the level tone is alternately arranged.

According to the level of the first two words in the first sentence, seven-character quatrains can be divided into two categories: upgrading and upgrading. Among them, there are two types of flat-rising: one is flat-rising and flat-receiving, and the first sentence rhymes; Second, the first sentence doesn't rhyme. There are also two types of pouting: one is to flatten out and rhyme the first sentence; Second, from beginning to end, the first sentence doesn't rhyme.

According to the law of parallel prose, there are four standard sentence patterns of seven-character quatrains: one is flat and parallel (the last word is flat and parallel, called flat ruler); The second is flat and flat (flat and flat, the last word is flat and flat, called flat and flat feet); The third is flat and flat (flat and flat, the last word is flat, called flat feet); Fourth, plain (plain, the last word is plain, so it is called plain). Its flat sticker has a certain elasticity, that is, the so-called "135 regardless, 246 is clear", but it is also necessary to avoid making a flat three-level tone.

The rhyme form of the first sentence of the metrical comparison (1) is flat.

As usual, metrical poem: Li Bai's "Early Sending Baidicheng"

Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping. Flat and light, flat and light.

Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away. The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills.

The first sentence doesn't rhyme.

As usual metrical poem: Bai Juyi's Memories of Liu Jiang

Plain, plain, plain. Flat and light, flat and light.

I planted willows in Jiang Nanan, and I bid farewell to Jiangnan twice in spring. Looking back at the green river, I don't know who Pan Zhe is.

(c) rhyme the first sentence.

Metric Poetry as usual: Notes on Li Shangyin's Rainy Night to Friends in the North

Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping. Plain, plain, plain.

When you ask about the return date, it's hard to say, evening rain, Manqiuchi. When * * * cut the candle at the west window, but talk about the rain at night.

(d) Fold the first sentence that doesn't rhyme.

Metric poem: Wang Wei's "Remembering my Shandong brothers on vacation in the mountains"

Flat and light, flat and light. Plain, plain, plain.

I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays. When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me.

1. Sui Palace, Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin went south without martial law on impulse.

During the spring outing, the national scissors are made of silk, half of them are mud and half are sails.

2. Set up a mourning platform. First, in the Tang Dynasty, the setting sun in Zhang Hu set up a mourning platform, and mangrove flowers greeted the dawn.

Last night, the emperor gave me a new gift, and Tae-jung came into the curtain with a smile.

3. Night parking beside Fengqiao, Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji, Frosty Night, Jiang Feng, fishing fire, worrying about sleep.

In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.

4. I miss my brother Wei in Shandong on holiday in the mountains. I am alone in a foreign land, and I miss my relatives every holiday.

When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me.

5. Four poems in Longxi. Second, in the Tang Dynasty, Chen Tao vowed to sweep the Huns regardless of their health, and 5,000 sable brocade mourned Chen Hu.

Alas, the pile of bones in Wuding River is still the husband of a young woman in my dream. (spring boudoir: boudoir)

6. Sent to the Tang Dynasty, Du Mu fell down in the south of the Yangtze River, carrying a wine shop, with a thin waist and a light palm. (A work of Jiangnan: Jianghu; Slim work: heartbreak)

Yangzhou's ten years, like a dream, wake up, but in the brothel women this is a fickle reputation.

7. As soon as I heard the sound of the flute on the wall of the Tang Life Car at night, it was snow before Li Yi returned to Yuefeng, and the moon outside the city was like frost. (Selected Works of Le Hui Feng: Feng).

I don't know where the bleak reed flute blows and I look at my hometown all night.

8. A Letter to Minister Ling Huchong Li Shangyin, Song Yun and Qin Shu in the Tang Dynasty have been away from home for a long time. They have a piece of paper.

Please don't ask me about the joys and sorrows of Lao Liangyuan; I am like a disease in the autumn rain, Sima Xiangru.

9. Wang Changling in the Spring Palace, Song Dynasty and Tang Dynasty blossomed peach blossoms last night, and the moon was high in the front hall of Weiyang.

Pingyang's geisha was attracted by the emperor, who gave her a brocade robe in the cold weather outside the curtain.

10. Try the water company/go to the secretary Zhang/the boudoir to worship Zhang on the eve of the government exam. Zhu Qingyu, a Tang native, stopped the red candle last night and waited for Tang Xiao to see his aunt.

Dressed up beautifully, I asked my husband: Can my eyebrows be painted in different shades?

1 1. First, William Wang luminous glass wine in Tang Dynasty. If you want to drink pipa, you should hurry at once.

Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?

12. Send the Tang envoys to Beijing and meet them in their hometown. It's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and the sleeves are full of tears.

I'll meet you immediately, without paper and pen. Please tell my family that I'm safe.

13. "in my heart forever" Young boudoir women in the Tang Dynasty and Wang Changling didn't know what to do, so they put on makeup in spring and went to the Cuilou.

Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have asked my husband to find Hou Feng.

14. I climbed the Leyou Tomb and went to Mu Qing, the capital of Xing Wu in the Tang Dynasty. It was a stunt. He was incompetent. He liked lonely clouds and quiet monks.

I want to send the crowd to the rivers and seas, and I want to look up at Zhaoling in Leyuan Scenic Area.

15. In the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu was common in the residence of the King of Qi, and he had heard it many times before Cui.

Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.

16. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Changling broke up with Xin Jian in Furong Building, entered Wu on a cold rainy night, and saw off guests in Chushan.

Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith!

17. Bai Juyi, a poet in the harem, cried and wet her silk scarf dream, and the harem sang until midnight.

Beauty is not old, has lost the elegance of the king, and sat on warm clothes until dawn.

18. Jilingtai II. Mrs. Zhang Ruo in the Tang Dynasty thanked God, and Pingming rode into the palace gate.

But I don't think the color is dirty, and it is supreme to sweep the eyebrows.

19. Give it to my wife. Moon marks on the forbidden trees in Tang Dynasty. I only look at the heron nest.

By the light of the lamp, I plucked the Hosta and carried the flame of the lamp to rescue the flame moth.

20. Jia Li Shangyin's propaganda room asked Xian Liang to meet the courtiers, and Jia Sheng was even more incoherent.

Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods.

2 1. In the autumn dusk, in the Tang Dynasty, Du Muyin Candle and Qiu Guang drew a cold screen and shook the small fan to pounce on fireflies.

The stone steps at night are as cold as cold water, sitting and staring at the cowherd and the weaver girl.

(the first work of the Japanese order: Tianjie; Lie down and watch: sit and watch)

22. When collecting people's grievances/grievances in the Tang Dynasty, Liu Lao died, Jinhe was returned, and Ma Ce and Dao Huan were in the DPRK.

In the late spring when it snows heavily, the Great Wall, a journey across the Yellow River and around Montenegro.

23. In the Chang 'e Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin's mica screen had a deep candle shadow, the long river gradually fell and the stars sank.

Chang 'e, I must regret eating the elixir, and now I am alone, in the blue sky, singing every night.

24. Miscellaneous poems, in the Tang Dynasty, anonymous, near cold food, rain grass, wheat seedling wind and Claudia's land.

When there is no home to go home, the cuckoo will cry in her ear.

25. For the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin had a cloud screen with infinite charm, and Fengcheng was afraid of spring nights.

Married a high-ranking official's husband for no reason, not loving warm incense, but wanting to ascend the throne early.

26. In Chuzhou, Xixi, Wei of the Tang Dynasty was born by a secluded grass stream, and orioles were singing in the trees.

The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing.

27. Seeing Du Mu off in the Tang Dynasty was affectionate but always seemed heartless. He just felt that he couldn't laugh before he died.

The candle on the table lit the heart, and it also saw the parting; You see, it shed tears for us and flowed to the morning.

28. Peach Blossom Creek In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Xu vaguely flew over the wild smoke and asked about the fishing boat on the west bank of Shijie.

Peach blossoms follow the water all day long, and the mouth of the peach garden is by the stream?

29. Moonlit night, willow, Tang Dynasty, the moonlight is deep in more than half of the households, and the Beidou withered south.

Tonight, through the green screen window, I know that spring is warm and the sound of insects is fresh.

30. In Chibi of the Tang Dynasty, Du Mu, who lost his halberd and sank his sand and iron, did not sell it, so he cleaned it up and recognized the former dynasty.

If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai.

3 1. Sender, Tang Dynasty, Zhang Bi never dreamed of going to Xie Jia, and the small corridor was winding and crooked.

Only the spring moon in the sky is the most affectionate, and it also shines on the courtyard flowers for the people.

32. Jinguyuan Tang Du Mu prosperous time scattered incense dust, running water ruthless.

The birds groaned, and night came with the sound of the east wind; Falling flowers are as beautiful as green beads falling from upstairs.

33. A note to a friend in the north on a rainy night, Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty, asked about the untimely return date, and the rain rose in the autumn pool at night.

When * * * cut the candle at the west window, but talk about the rain at night.

34. A word to Han Chuo, the magistrate of Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, is that there is water in the green hills of Du Mu, and the grass in the south of the Yangtze River does not wither in autumn.

The bright moonlight on the 24 th Bridge is a clear night. Where do you teach blowjobs?

35. Ma Yupo Xuanzong returned to the horse to die, and the sex did not forget the sun and the moon.

The execution of Yang Fei was also a wise decision of Xuanzong, otherwise it would lead to the country's demise.

36. He Letian's Spring Poems Liu Yuxi's new makeup in the Tang Dynasty should be placed in Zhulou, and the spring scenery should be locked in a hospital.

Go to the court and look up at the new flowers. Dragonflies fly to the head of Hosta.

37. In Nanjing Ferry, Tang Dynasty, Zhang Hu, Jinling and Jindu Villa, pedestrians can worry about themselves for one night.

The hazy moon is setting, and Guazhou is on the other side of the spark.

38. "Spring Complaint", the screen window of Liu in the Tang Dynasty, the sunset is fading, and no one in the Golden House sees tears.

The courtyard is lonely and the spring scenery is dying; Pear flower falls, close the door.

39. Yao Seqi Tang Wentingjun's dream of an ice basket and a silver bed failed. The sky blue is like water and the night is as light as a cloud.

The geese fly away from the bamboo lodge, and the moon is empty on the twelfth floor.

40. Cold food, Tang Dynasty, Hanyi, Spring City, flowers everywhere, cold food, Dongfeng, Yuliuxie.

As night fell, the palace was busy lighting candles, and smoke drifted to the house of the prince and the marquis.

4 1. Two hometown couplets. First, in the Tang Dynasty, he left home when he was young, and the local accent did not change.

When children meet strangers, they will smile and ask where the guests are from.

42. In the Jin and Tang Dynasties, Wei Zhuang once said that sad painting can't be done, but painting people's hearts and feelings.

Looking at the six maps of the Southern Dynasties, the old tree is covered with cold clouds throughout Jingling City.

43. Yaochi Tang Dynasty Li Shangyin Yaochi Grandma Qi's window opened and her singing was moving.

Eight-horse car, traveling three thousand miles a day; Zhou Muwang, why didn't the default come again?

44. The Yellow Crane Tower bid farewell to Meng Haoran to stay in the Yellow Crane Tower, an old friend of Tang Li Bai in Yangzhou, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March.

My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon. (Pass only: Only)

45. Park Qinhuai Tang Du Mu smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, the night view of the restaurant near Qinhuai Park.

Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river.

46. Two farewell songs, more than thirteen poems by Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty, and a bouquet of cardamom in early February.

In Yangzhou, the spring breeze blows all over Sanli Long Street. With beaded curtains, no one can match her beauty.

Getting together seems to be painting, but it is ruthless; I just feel that the wine has to smile and keep silent.

The candle on the table lit the heart, and it also saw the parting; You see, it shed tears for us and flowed to the morning.

47. In the Tang Dynasty, the Changle Palace was connected with Yuan Chun, and the Jade Palace and the Golden Palace were full of beautiful songs.

As soon as the military gate enters and exits, only Gong Ying can see people.

48. Wuyi Lane in the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi, weeds and flowers near Zhuque Bridge, Wuyi Lane sunset.

Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.

49. Gong Ci/Gong Zhong Ci In the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Qingyu closed the courtyard door when she was lonely, and the beauty stood side by side with Qiong Xuan.

County magistrate Liu, everyone wants to talk about the sadness in the palace. No one dares to reveal his depression in front of the parrot.

50. Early release of Baidicheng/Baidixiang Jiangling Tang Li Baichao resigned from Baidicheng, and Jiangling returned a thousand miles a day.

The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills.

5 1. It's already cold. In the Tang and Korean dynasties, vortex embroidery curtains hung, and scarlet screens painted broken branches.

Eight-foot dragon must have square brocade mattress, when it is cold and not cold.