Swimming technical problems

It includes competitive swimming and practical swimming.

Competitive swimming includes butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke and freestyle.

The butterfly stroke technique is developed from the breaststroke technique. When the breaststroke technology developed to the second stage, that is, 1937- 1952, in swimming competitions, some athletes used the technology of paddling their arms to their thighs, then lifting them to the surface of the water and then migrating from the air. From the appearance, it dances like a butterfly with its wings spread out, so people call it "butterfly stroke".

1953, FINA stipulated that breaststroke and butterfly should compete separately, which made butterfly an independent event and got a good development.

Butterfly is a little slower than crawl. Because its leg movements resemble dolphins, it is also called "dolphin swimming".

The technical composition of butterfly stroke:

Butterfly body posture

Butterfly leg technique

Butterfly arm technique

Butterfly coordination technique

Backstroke is the posture of human body backstroke in water.

The emergence and development of backstroke technology has a long history, which was recorded in 1794. But until the beginning of the19th century, backstroke still used both arms to stroke backwards at the same time, and both legs did breaststroke, which is now the "anti-breaststroke". Since the crawl technique appeared in 1902, due to its reasonable crawl technique and high speed, some people began to use a swimming method similar to crawl, in which two arms take turns to stroke backwards. But it was not until 192 1 that the current backstroke technique was initially formed.

Backstroke technique is easy to breathe because the head is out of the water; Lying on the water is more labor-saving. Therefore, it is deeply loved by middle-aged and elderly people and the weak.

The technical links of backstroke are divided into:

Backstroke posture

Backstroke leg technique

Backstroke arm technique

Backstroke coordination technique

Breaststroke is a swimming posture that imitates frog's swimming action, and it is also the oldest swimming posture. As early as 2000-4000 years ago, China, Rome and Egypt had similar swimming postures.

/kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, breaststroke was called "breaststroke" in Europe.

Because the speed of breaststroke is relatively slow, in the freestyle competition at the beginning of the 20th century (free swimming without specified posture), the speed of breaststroke was not as fast as other postures, which made breaststroke technology excluded. At that time, in the swimming competition, no one wanted to take part in breaststroke. Later, FINA stipulated the swimming stroke, and the breaststroke technology was developed.

The technical links of breaststroke are divided into:

Breaststroke body posture

Breaststroke leg technique

Breaststroke arm technique

Breaststroke coordination technique

Crawling, commonly known as freestyle. When swimming and crawling, people are prone in the water, with their legs alternately swimming up and down and their arms alternately paddling, which is very similar to crawling, so people call it "crawling".

Crawling is the fastest of the four competitive swimming techniques. In the freestyle event of swimming competition (the competition that does not stipulate swimming style), athletes all adopt this posture, so people usually call it "freestyle".

The origin of crawling has a long history. From the ancient relics of China and other countries in the world, we can find a swimming posture similar to today's crawl technique.

The technical links of crawling are divided into:

Crawling body posture

Leg crawling technique

Crawling arm technology

Crawling coordination technology

Practical swimming includes: treading water, diving, side swimming and breaststroke.

Treading technique

There are many ways to tread water, the most common one is vertical breaststroke. The body forms a large angle on the water, close to upright.

Body posture

The whole body is almost perpendicular to the water surface, leaning forward slightly, with the head always above the water surface and the jaw close to the water surface.

Leg movement

The leg action of treading water is almost the same as that of breaststroke leg, but it should be noted that the range of leg retraction and kick is smaller. When the leg is retracted, the knee joint can be everted, and when the leg is kicked, the knee joint is pressed internally, and the lower leg and the inside of the foot are clamped at the same time, and the legs are straight forward to start the second leg retraction action. After skilled movements, you can also carry out the movement technique of alternately kicking and holding water with your legs.

Arm movement

The arm is slightly bent, and the water in front of the body is pressed outwards and inwards. The range of action should not be too large. Outward, palm outward, feeling separated from water; When you are inward, your palms are inward and downward, which feels like squeezing water. Touch and press inward to shoulder width to separate. The route of two palms touching water is hyperbolic.

Coordination of arms, legs and breathing

The movements of arms and legs should be coherent and coordinated. Generally, when the legs push and pinch water, the arms touch and press the water outward, and when the legs retract, they touch and press inward. Breathing should follow the arms and legs naturally. Inhale when pedaling (arms outward); Exhale when you retract your legs (arms inward). You can breathe once in one action or once in several actions.

When swimming on water, you can change the swimming direction by using different lateral directions and pedaling directions of your body. Forward, and lean forward slightly, push your feet slightly to the side and catch the water, and push your arms slightly thicker, and vice versa.

After treading water skillfully, you can float with your legs, so you can take things freely on the water with one hand or both hands.

Diving technique

Snorkeling is a swimming posture, and the body does not breathe underwater. Diving includes deep diving and long diving. There are many kinds of diving postures, but most of them only use breaststroke (commonly used by amateurs) and butterfly leg diving (commonly used by professionals). Only the breaststroke technique is introduced here.

Body posture

Frog diving requires that the trunk and head should always be horizontal, but when the arms start to stroke, they should bow their heads slightly to prevent the body from floating.

Leg movement

There is only a small difference between diving leg movements and breaststroke leg movements, that is, the hip joint flexion is small when the leg is closed, and the angle at which the leg is separated to both sides is small.

Arm movement

1, stroke action: the stroke action of diving is similar to butterfly stroke, except that the distance between the two palms is slightly larger, and the direction of palm rotation does not change much, almost completely perpendicular to the water surface.

2. Move your arms: When the stroke is over and you slide for a period of time, your hands will rotate outward from both sides of your thighs and extend forward along your abdomen and chest. When you reach the bottom of your head, your palms will start to rotate inward, turn down and straighten out in front of your head to prepare for the next stroke.

Coordinated movements of arms and legs

When the arm is paddling and after paddling, the legs naturally straighten and come together and slide in the water. When you move your arm, retract your leg. When you move your arm to your chest and stretch forward, kick. When you straighten your arms, kick them out.

Side swimming technique

Side swimming is lying on your side in the water, paddling with two arms alternately and paddling with two legs in the water. There are many methods of side swimming, which can be roughly divided into two techniques: hand out and hand out.

Body posture

The body is lying on its side in the water, slightly leaning to the chest side, the lower side of the head is immersed in the water (similar to crawling inhalation action), the forearm is extended forward, the upper arm is placed at the side of the body, the legs are straight together, and the body rotates around the longitudinal axis when swimming in.

Leg movement

Leg movements are divided into three parts: closing legs, turning feet and cutting legs.

1, leg retraction: the upper leg is retracted forward and the lower leg is retracted backward. Try to pay less attention to the thighs, especially the calves, and hardly move.

2. Turn your feet: After closing your legs, hook the toes of your legs and aim your feet back at the water; Straighten your toes with your calves, and aim back at the water with the instep and the front side of your calves.

3. Kick and cut the leg: the upper leg drives the lower leg to stretch forward slightly with the thigh, and the sole of the foot is aimed at the front side to accelerate the kick and pinch the water; The calf kicks the water, and the instep and calf are aligned with the side and back to form a water-cutting action with the thigh.

Arm movement

1. upper arm movement: the upper arm moves forward to the front of the head through the air (or near the water surface in the water) and enters the water. After entering the water, stretch forward and slide down the high elbow to hold the water, that is, the hand and forearm are aimed at the water, and then the arm is accelerated along the body, and the outer side of the leg is hit hard with the backward tax system, which is basically similar to the stroke direction of the crawl arm.

2. Lower arm movement: the lower arm stretches out to the front of the lower body to hold the water, and bends the arm to paddle to the lower part of the abdomen with the palm up. The upper arm is driven by the front arm to extend and rotate outward along the body, and the palm is down when it is straightened.

3. Cooperation between the two arms: the lower arm begins to stroke, and the upper arm moves forward; When the upper arm begins to stroke, the lower arm begins to stretch forward and make a short slide, with both arms clamped on the chest.

Perfect fit

1, arm and leg: when the upper arm enters the water, the leg retracts when the arm extends forward; When paddling below the abdomen, kick back hard to cut the water.

2. Arms, legs and breathing: The breathing of side swimming is basically similar to that of crawling, except that you don't need to bury your head in the water to exhale. Inhale when the upper arm pushes the water out of the water, and the head does not rotate much. When your arm moves, it will recover. You hold your breath and exhale. In order to ensure comfortable breathing, each leg and arm usually paddle once to breathe.

Anti-breaststroke technique

Anti-breaststroke is both breaststroke and backstroke.

Body posture

The body posture of breaststroke is the same as backstroke. The body is naturally straight, lying on the water, arms on the side or stretching forward, jaw slightly closed, and the second half of the head immersed in the water.

Leg movement

The action of the anti-breaststroke leg is similar to that of the breaststroke leg, but because the body is supine, in order to ensure that the knee joint does not get out of the water when kicking the leg, the knee joint is separated to both sides and the calf is retracted to the lower side. The rest of the movements are exactly the same as the breaststroke leg.

Arm movement

The two arms naturally straighten out, and at the same time enter the water in front of the shoulders, and then the palm of the crankshaft is backward, so that the whole arm is aimed at the backward stroke direction and strokes sideways at the same time. After paddling, the arm naturally relaxes and moves forward from the air.

Perfect fit

1. Arm-leg coordination: In breaststroke, the arm-leg action is generally to retract the leg when moving the arm and pinch the leg when paddling. After paddling, the body (including arms and legs) should naturally straighten and slide forward.

2. Breathing coordination: inhale when moving the arm, and exhale slowly and evenly through the nose or nose after entering the water.