How to plant eggplant (technical points of eggplant cultivation management)

Eggplant belongs to Solanaceae. Eggplant has a long market cycle and is one of the main vegetables listed in the vegetable market all the year round. Planting eggplant has better benefits. How to grow eggplant?

First, eggplant sowing time

From June 5438 to February of the following year, seedlings were raised in hotbeds, and seedlings were raised in plastic film seedbeds or cold beds from February to March. Sowing in late February of the following year and harvesting at the end of April. Plant in summer and autumn, and sow in May and June to raise seedlings.

Second, eggplant planting techniques

1. Seed disinfection: choose sunny days to dry the seeds for 6-8 hours, soak the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for half an hour, or soak the seeds in 0. 1% carbendazim for 1 hour, rinse them with clear water after waterlogging, and then soak them in warm water at 30℃.

2. Soak the seeds to accelerate germination: soak the seeds in warm water at 55℃ for 65,438+05 minutes, then soak them in clean water at 30℃ for 8 hours, clean the mucus on the seed coat, wrap it with clean gauze and start to accelerate germination. Adopt variable temperature management and control 16- 16 hours at 25-30℃ every day.

3. Sowing: In order to prevent seedlings from withering and collapsing, the seedbed must be replaced or disinfected, the seedbed management should be strengthened, and a certain temperature and humidity should be maintained. Cultivating strong seedlings with strong young stems and developed roots is the key to high yield of eggplant sowing. It is very important to keep eggplant warm and moist after sowing. Seedling temperature, especially soil temperature, should be kept above 65438 05℃. The soil temperature is too low, the root system is poorly developed, and diseases are prone to occur.

4. Transplanting: When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, transplanting is needed.

5. Soil preparation and fertilization: the root regeneration ability of eggplant is relatively weak, so it is necessary to pay attention to deep ploughing and heavy application of base fertilizer, and apply 2500-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 25-30 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0/0 kg of potassium fertilizer/kloc per mu of nest or ditch. High-compartment cultivation is adopted, with compartment height 16-24cm and compartment width varying, and the compartment surface and compartment ditch are required to be flat and free of water.

6. Planting: It can be transplanted after first frost in spring. When the seedlings have 6-8 leaves, it is advisable to keep the soil level with the leaf nodes. Early-maturing varieties, yield of 2300-2700 plants per mu, row spacing of 3 rows, row spacing of 43-46 cm per box, row spacing of 2 rows, row spacing of 27-30 cm per box. There are 2,000-2,500 varieties with middle and late maturity per mu, with row spacing of 3 rows per box of 33 cm and plant spacing of 53-60 cm, row spacing of 2 rows per box of 56 cm and plant spacing of 33-40 cm.

7. Water and fertilizer management: Eggplant has a large leaf area and more water evaporation. Generally speaking, the soil should keep 80% humidity. Insufficient soil moisture leads to slow growth of plants, and even leads to falling flowers or rough fruits and poor quality. The temperature of eggplant is high in the middle and late growth period, so it is necessary to pay attention to timely irrigation, maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, and promote fruit development. The amount of watering depends on the development of the fruit. When the fruit begins to develop and the sepals are exposed, it needs watering to promote the growth of young fruit. When the fruit is 3-4 cm in diameter, it grows fastest, needs the most water and needs more watering. In the future, each layer of fruit needs to be watered in time at the beginning, middle and a few days before harvest to meet the needs of fruit growth. When there is too much rain, we should pay attention to cleaning the drainage of the compartment ditch to improve the soil temperature and promote the growth of the root system. After the planting turns green, thick fertilizer or chemical fertilizer can be applied, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and topdressing should be done once every 10 day. Fertilizer is most needed in the vigorous fruit season, and foliar topdressing can be carried out, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 times can be sprayed. Eggplant has a long harvest period, so fertilization in the early and late stages is very important.

8. Pruning and coring, in order to reduce nutrient consumption, improve ventilation and light transmission, remove the side branches below Meneggplant in time, and leave 1-2 branches in the axils below Meneggplant for less developed varieties. For large fruit varieties, except the lower branches of each inflorescence, the upper branches can be removed. After harvesting, the lower old leaves and stems and leaves can be removed to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and reduce the spread of pests and diseases.

9. Harvest: The time from planting to harvesting of eggplant is 40-50 days for early-maturing varieties, 50-60 days for middle-maturing varieties and 60-70 days for late-maturing varieties.