Why reading is so difficult to distinguish (part two)

Then I want to talk about the second big problem, called reading modern literature. What's the difficulty? I remember a sentence from our teacher, Bai Qi, which I quite agree with. He said that reading is reading, and reading questions are reading questions. These two things are different. I quite agree with this, so do I.

Because the thinking you want to have in reading is completely different from the thinking you want to have when doing reading questions, only by having these two kinds of thinking at the same time can you grasp the final score of your modern reading. I told you just now that you should have the author's thinking when reading articles, but when you do reading questions, your thinking is no longer the author's thinking. Why? There is a funny thing in this year's college entrance examination, that is, the "salted fish incident", that is, an article in this year's college entrance examination seems to mention "salted grass carp", and then at the end of this article, the eyes of grass carp emit strange light. Funnily enough, the author of this article jumped out and said, in fact, I didn't know why I wrote this sentence at that time.

Therefore, when the college entrance examination questioner draws a line here and says what this strange light is, the author will answer it himself. People may think this is too funny. Isn't this modern Chinese reading a blind question? Actually, it is not. It is normal that the author's own article is not done correctly. You may think it's funny. I wrote this article myself. Did I still do something wrong? Actually, this is normal. Why? Because you wrote this article yourself, you can only make sure that you can understand it. But when you do the problem, it's not your own problem, so it's normal for you to make a mistake. So how can we do it right? When I understand the article, how can I get the question right? This is the second reading question. What is its essence? We know that this article was written by the author. Who wrote the reading questions? The reading questions were not written by the author, but by the questioner. All reading questions and answers are completed by questioners.

I have always had a very personal opinion for so many years, but I still insist on it, that is, what is the essence of reading questions? I think the essence of reading questions is that the questioner asks some questions on the basis of fully understanding the author's thinking, and asks you to answer his questions accurately with standardized answer patterns and terms. If you are the author of this article, let's imagine what kind of person you are and why you may not answer this question correctly. First, you may answer irrelevant questions. The questioner asked this question and you answered another question. Then, if that's the case, it's useless for you to understand the content and ideas of the article thoroughly. This is the first misunderstanding. What is the second misunderstanding? You may understand what people ask, and you can understand what this article is saying, but when you answer, your answer mode and terminology are not standardized enough, and you will lose points.

Have you ever considered such a problem? That is, why is modern literature reading such a seemingly understandable thing? How can there be a thing called standard answer in this understanding? Who dares to say that your understanding is 100% correct, as long as there is deviation, it must be wrong. If you think about this question carefully, the logic behind it is actually very simple, that is, it is not a complete understanding question. Understanding only depends on whether you understand the article, and the standard answer is based on your understanding of the article. You must answer the questions raised by the questioner. And the need to use a set of standardized answering patterns and terms, these are no longer the author's thinking, but another kind of thinking, which I call the questioner's thinking. So where is the questioner's thinking reflected? Where can I find the questioner's mind? Just now I mentioned that when reading an article, you can find out the author's thinking and what the author really wants from the article. So how do you find the questioner's mind? In fact, the questioner's thinking is also hidden in two things: one is called the question and the other is called the answer.

I always think that the best way to train myself to have the questioner's thinking is to compare questions, analyze answers, and use my logical analysis ability to speculate and spy on the questioner's thinking logic. Specifically, this training mode has two points.

First, you must learn to analyze and answer questions accurately. This problem is the theme of this article. You must be able to analyze what people are asking when you get a topic. Let me give you a very simple example. For example, we often encounter many appreciation questions. Please enjoy this sentence, many students will write: this sentence is … it's gone. Have you ever thought that your answer itself is not satisfying his question, and this question is for you to appreciate, and appreciation should not be composed of appreciation and analysis? Reward is appreciation, say how good it is, analysis is analysis, say how good it is, and say what it is. You can't just say that this person is really beautiful, really beautiful, that's no good, you must say, what's so beautiful about the nose? What good-looking eyes are there? This is the concrete analysis. Many students either have to reward or analyze when answering the appreciation questions, that is, you didn't understand the questions as soon as you came up.

As I said just now, in order to really train the thinking of the questioner, the first thing is to constantly train your problem-solving ability. Second, you must learn to use standard answer patterns and terms.

Let me give you a simple example, such as the benefits of learning that kind of figurative sentence when I was very young. Analyze, if you don't have your own fixed answer mode and this term, you will feel very confused. It's fun to compare this man to a monkey. If you answer like this, you must not score. Because you don't have any standardized answering routines and answering terms. Then at this time, it involves a question, that is, what kind of words are called norms, what kind of patterns are called norms, and what kind of terms are regarded as norms, because as we all know, there is actually no book or this awesome code in modern Chinese reading, which is called The Complete Book of Modern Chinese Reading Terminology Patterns, and the state has not stipulated such hard indicators. Then what should I say, how to find it, and what are the rules?

In fact, it is very simple, that is, a large-scale exam. The larger the scale of the examination, the more standardized its terms and modes. For Chinese in primary and secondary schools, the biggest exams are the senior high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination. I didn't mention junior high school because in order to select good junior high school students, they often use some simplified middle school questions, so in fact, the most important mode is the modern text reading questions in the senior high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination. You just need to look at what answer patterns and terms are used in their answers, and you just need to follow them. This is the most standardized answer pattern and term.

Once you master the above two aspects: on the one hand, you will be very good at disassembling problems, on the other hand, you will have very powerful and skilled standardized answering modes and answering terms. Once you have these two abilities, your modern Chinese reading questions will be very, very strong.

So when it comes to this, let's go back to the problem of routines, because at the first level, when I read the article, I was firmly opposed to routines. Routine can't play a good role in reading articles, but on the second level, when doing reading questions, you don't have to memorize routines, but you should master skilled standardized answering modes and answering terms. For example, when analyzing a figurative sentence, we usually use such a routine template, which is to compare A and B in a figurative rhetoric way, vividly write out what characteristics this thing has, and express the author's feelings and sentiments. This routine template, but what I want to say is that I have never recited these templates when I was doing reading questions myself. Why? Because if you do a lot of analysis, you will find that all routines are actually the most refined answer logic. Once you have the questioner's thinking, you don't need to memorize answer routines and answer templates according to this logic.

For example, if this makes you appreciate a figurative sentence, you know, if I want to appreciate this sentence, I must first appreciate it and analyze it. Reward, that is, by what means? This is a metaphor. What good is that? Vivid image, this is the reward part. What about analysis? It is a concrete analysis. Metaphor is to compare what to what. What is the vivid image written? What's the effect? What kind of attitude does the author express? Or what kind of feelings? Once you consider all these factors, you will find that all the basic elements of the template of this metaphor sentence have appeared. At this time, you only need to use a smooth logic to sort out and you can write a very standardized reading answer.

This is my second point. The second point is, why is it so hard to tell when I say this? Besides reading articles, it is also difficult to do reading questions. When reading an article, you are difficult because you don't have the author's thinking. When doing reading questions, you are difficult because you don't have the questioner's thinking.

Having said that, we can briefly summarize it. Why do people always lose points in reading? There are no more than three reasons. The first reason is that you didn't understand this article. The second reason is that you don't understand what to ask in the question. The third reason is that when you answer this question, the patterns and terms you use are not standardized, which is the whole reason why you lose points. The first reason is that you don't understand the article, because you don't have the author's thinking, and the second and third reasons are because you don't have the questioner's thinking.

Then once we understand the crux of our own problems, we can be targeted, and we can train and improve our ability to interpret articles and answer questions purposefully. Specifically, it is actually two aspects. First, we should train ourselves to interpret articles for a long time, so that we can gradually have the author's thinking. Second, we should persist in training the thinking of the questioner for some real simulation questions such as reading questions or college entrance examination.

The second suggestion is to find the middle school entrance examination questions and college entrance examination questions in recent years. Just take this reading question, take the answer, and be sure to take the answer, because if you don't look at the answer, you will never have the questioner's thinking. After you brought it, you began to train the author's thinking and the questioner's thinking. If you have a person or a teacher, parents or friends who are excellent in this field, you can ask them for advice.

Of course, after receiving such training, we usually need to maintain such good thinking habits every time, get an article and think more about what the author should think. When you get a question, you should think with the questioner's thinking, think about the question and answer it. After each exam, when you have the standard answer, you must think about what the thinking logic is like against the standard answer, so that after long-term training, your modern Chinese reading will be very, very powerful.

Finally, I want to talk about why I use this topic. The title of this course is "Reading is really hard to get points". Why use this topic? Because it's the truth! It's just that it's really hard to get points for reading, including I tell you so much for an hour, and then let everyone do all kinds of things. Even so, you really need to keep up. I'm just pointing you in the right direction now, but we must walk together step by step.

Liu Xie, who wrote Wen Xin Diao Long, has a saying that I quite agree with. This sentence is called "fuck a thousand songs, then know the sound, then watch a thousand swords, and then know the weapon." What does this mean? Only when you play thousands of songs can you really appreciate that temperament. When you observe and appreciate thousands of swords, you can really appreciate weapons. Similarly, when you read many articles, train your author's thinking with such articles many times, and train your questioner's thinking with questions and answers many times, you can really master such a big and difficult section of reading.

So, this is the content of today's lecture, which is called "Why is it difficult to get points in reading?" Ok, thank you.