Is Meng Haoran's poem Chunxiao written in early spring or late spring?

"In the spring morning, I woke up easily, and birds were singing everywhere. But now I remember that night, that storm, and I want to know how many flowers were broken. " Meng Haoran's poem "Spring Dawn" is believed to be the enlightenment material for many people's humanistic quality in their childhood. About the connotation of this poem, we usually understand that the author wakes up naturally in the spring morning and hears the singing of birds jumping outside. This auditory feeling makes the author feel happy, and it suddenly occurred to him that it was stormy last night, and how many flowers fell under the devastation of the storm? At this thought, the author's mood suddenly lost, which triggered the complex of hurting spring. It also reminds readers of the author's sense of time when chewing from happy scenes to sad scenes and from happy mood to sad mood.

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According to the above interpretation of this poem, this poem is the author's description of the scene in late spring. But without specific time details, is it possible that this poem is about early spring? The author is interested in discussing it.

Does the first sentence of this poem imply early spring? The answer is yes. When we don't understand "I wake up briskly on this spring morning" as the poet is the protagonist, but take spring as the subject, the meaning becomes: Spring, which has been sleeping for a winter, wakes up unconsciously. This sentence can also respond to the meaning of the title "Xiao Chun". The ancients said that there are three springs in spring, one of which means early spring, middle spring and late spring. "Xiao" means "early", which can be further understood as the early spring period of spring, but at the same time it implies the meaning of morning, pun intended.

In order to show that he felt the early spring, the second sentence used a detail to confirm the fact that birds are everywhere and nature is full of vitality. This is just like the reappearance of the early spring scene in Xie Lingyun's famous sentence "Spring grass grows in a pond, and garden willows turn into songbirds". The latter sentence is similar to "birds are singing everywhere around me", which embodies the artistic characteristics of freshness, beauty and agility. When Xie Lingyun wrote this poem, he was banished to Yongjia Prefecture. As soon as he arrived in Yongjia, he fell ill. He was ill for a winter, and suddenly one day he wanted to open the window to see the scenery outside, but he accidentally felt a different kind of scenery, and he also had a beautiful sentence that he called "with God's help, you can see secrets." But in fact, these two poems are all about ordinary spring scenery, and the talented Xie Lingyun has never caused such meaningful feelings like this one. That's because he has always maintained the impression of winter when he first arrived in Yongjia, and the aesthetic impact brought by the sudden change of seasons left a particularly deep impression in his mind. This feeling is as natural as flowing out of his heart. Meng Haoran's two sentences also have similar aesthetic intuition, as if he had been immersed in the feeling of winter, but when he woke up in an early spring morning, he realized the coming of spring through the singing of birds outside. The vitality of birds makes spring full of vitality, for pleasure.

But the problem came, and the mood of the last two sentences suddenly took a turning point. The author's mood is a little sad when he thinks that the wind and rain destroyed the spring flowers last night. This is a typical complex that hurts spring, and it also exists in late spring. Is to be sad when you see a sad scene. In early spring poems, no matter whether they are happy or sad, the real scenes described in the poems are all happy scenes, or at least not sad scenes. We try to cite the early spring poems of several famous poets in the early, prosperous, middle and late Tang Dynasty to prove this point. In the early Tang Dynasty, Du had a famous poem "Looking at Early Spring" to express homesickness, including a landscape poem: "White clouds and red clouds dawn from the sea, and spring is in the wild plum river. I saw an oriole darting in the warm air, and a green plant was reflected by the sun "to describe the scenery in early spring full of spring." Wang Bo has a poem "Wild Hope in Early Spring": "The spring tide in the river is white, and the mountains are long and the water is clear. I reflected flowers and willows in a foreign land and pavilion. I also write homesickness, and writing scenery sentences shows that young people are high-spirited and look bright and broad. A trip to early spring by Wang Wei, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, said: "The purple plum blossoms at the beginning, and the song of the yellow bird is still astringent. Who is Yang Liuzhi's daughter? Enjoy the spring, lest it rush by. Love the clear waves, look at the water surface for the water, and see the shy but balanced flowers of human faces. Fans are afraid of the wind blowing away, and embroidered clothes are also afraid of wet dew. The farmer lives in Qingmen, Chang 'an, and the carriage drives slowly at dusk. The man wandering outside, even more lovesick, went to see the stunning curtains with sad tears. Miss you, you always enter the dream, and the delay makes me doubt. It is better to be a swallow with red eaves and live on green grass. "Write about the sorrow of the boudoir, but the scenery is pleasant and it reflects the rising vitality." Bai Juyi wrote the most early spring poems in the middle Tang Dynasty, with as many as 30 poems on the theme of early spring. The scenery in early spring is a joyful scene without exception, such as "Early Spring in the East Pool of Kaiyuan Temple": "The water in the pool is warm and clear. In the green mud, new leaves are like swords. The plum room is wrapped in white, and the willow color is yellowish. Follow Cao Qi's training, suitable for ordinary seagulls. Old travel becomes a dream, and the past follows Yang Yan. The fragrance feels deep and deep, and I will read it for a lifetime. " Another example is "Two Poems of Early Spring in New Residence": "There are no guests in the quiet lane, so you can't go out. Cover the surface with sand to sweep the snow and loosen the roots. It's getting warmer, so it's better to take a leisurely walk. Chu Qing likes small gardens. There are no flowers to be found, only lush foliage. The ground is wet and the east wind is warm, and the grass buds are long. Ask the children to carry bamboo and accompany the guests to enjoy tea. The ice on the eaves is exhausted, and the gap between floating dust is declining. The new house hasn't arrived yet. Whose community is it? " Wait, everyone showed a beautiful early spring scene. Bai Juyi's most famous early spring poem is "A Spring Tour in Qiantang": "A few early warblers compete to warm the trees, and a new swallow pecks at the spring mud. Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes. " It describes the spring in the eyes, but also expresses the joy gradually accumulated in the heart. Early Spring in Songjiang by Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, said: "There is no fear of the bottom in the pine ridge. There is nothing on the side of the ship, and you can clearly count the silver carp and the residual fish. " Spring is back, and my heart is happy. Poets in different periods of the Tang Dynasty have different attitudes towards things, but their feelings about early spring are basically the same.

It can be seen that if the last two sentences of "Spring Dawn" are understood as a sad scene, it is not in line with the scene of early spring. However, based on the setting of the early spring of poetry in this paper, it is necessary to look at it from two aspects: "wind and rain" and "falling flowers".

The first is the wind and rain. "The mountains and rivers are full of empty thoughts, and the falling flowers and rain are more harmful to spring." "Do you want to look at the flowers carefully and try to know that there will be no wind and rain tomorrow?" "What's the difference between flowers and flowers, but they still have to withstand the wind and rain." "When the storm comes at night, the old flower forest is not resurrected." Poems about wind and rain destroying flowers in late spring can be seen everywhere, and poems about wind and rain in early spring are also written, but the wind and rain in early spring is really another scene. Try some poems in Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, "Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things quietly ... Look at the red and wet places, flowers are more important than Jinguancheng", which is an excellent footnote to the poem "But remember the night today, the wind and rain". Rain comes at night with the spring breeze, silently moistening all natural things. After summarizing the general situation, the author added some details: the "red and wet land" he saw in the morning was originally a bustling and blooming Chengdu, and the joy of Lao Duxin was self-evident. What's more, "but now I remember that night, that storm" can be understood not only as a storm that destroyed flowers, but also as a gentle breeze and drizzle that urged flowers to open.

But the contradiction appeared again. The last sentence "I don't know how many flowers have been folded" seems to deny the explanation of the previous sentence "gentle wind and drizzle" Is it true that poetry has settled and there is no possibility of a comeback? In fact, the phenomenon of polysemy and inverted sentences has expanded our interpretation space and mastered more colorful poetic connotations. For the need of expression, poems often use inverted sentences. For example, in Du Fu's Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity, there are eight sentences: "fragrant rice pecks at parrot grains, and old phoenix perches on green trees", which is inverted out of rhythm. From the topic, the poem "Xiao Chun" can be translated into "Xiao Chun", and from the sense of rhythm, "I don't know how many flowers have been folded" has more cadence effect than "I know how many flowers have fallen", so "falling flowers" is synonymous with "falling English". Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Garden" has a saying that "the grass is delicious and the English is colorful". In Ci Hai, there are two interpretations of "degenerate English". One refers to "falling flowers", which is what we usually understand as "flowers falling from branches"; Another meaning refers to "flowers in early bloom", and there is a definition of "autumn chrysanthemum dusk" in Qu Yuan's Lisao. In addition, "colorful" not only means "one after another", but also means "flourishing". Accordingly, the scenery of Taohuayuan seen by fishermen in Taohuayuan should be understood as peach blossoms in full bloom, so as to better combine with "fragrant grass" and form a paradise with unlimited vitality. And "but now I remember that night, that storm, I don't know how many flowers I folded" can also be explained as: How many flowers did the branches bloom after a gentle breeze and drizzle last night? In this way, after the aesthetic hearing of birds everywhere around me, the author recalled the climate change last night and imagined a better spring scene, which made him happier and happier.

"The five-character quatrains system is short, which is suitable for writing about scenery and mood" (Yuan Xingpei's History of China Literature). Then, the poem "Xiao Chun" is not about the early morning scenes from early spring to late spring, but just one of them. If we show the scene in late spring, we will use happy scenes and sad scenes to set off sad scenes, but the author thinks that writing the scene in early spring is to write happy scenes, which can better reflect the scenery.