How to read music score in eight ways

Directory method 1: basic knowledge 1, what is the staff? The staff is the basis of learning music, and it is also the knowledge that must be learned when reading music. Let's learn treble clef first. 3. Bass clef is also called F clef. 4. The notes in the staff are composed of three parts: Fu Tou, stem and tail. Method 2: The beat is 1. Usually a vertical bar appears on the staff every once in a while. These vertical lines are also called bar lines. 2. The beat is the same as the human pulse. It is the heartbeat of the whole music. Method 3: rhythm 1, rhythm and beat are very similar, but focus on the strength of sound and the overall feeling of music. 2. Imagine that you are walking, one step is a beat, and music expression becomes a quarter note. Step up your pace now. As you can see from the above picture, if you have too many notes, you will feel a little messy, and you may not know where you are when you look at it. As we said before, the duration of a suffix is reduced by half, which means that the duration of a note is reduced by half with each suffix. 6. Some people say that music is a series of notes. Method 4: Melody 1, such as staff, the structure of notes, and the basic notation of notes and rests are all introduced. 2. First, let's learn the scale of C, which is the basic scale of western music. 3. Learn a little solfeggio. Congratulations on your current method 5: tone sandhi marks and tunes of music 1. We learned the most basic knowledge about rhythm and melody. In western music, the difference between notes is either whole tone or semitone. What we discussed earlier is the scale of C, which consists of nine notes. Starting from C, all of them correspond to the white keys of the piano. Method 6: The change of the strength of music 1. When listening to music, you will find that a song has a different sound from beginning to end. Some places will be louder, and some places will be softer. Just as you can't speak at a fixed volume, music will change in different situations. 3. If you want to make the volume louder or louder, you need to use another common velocity symbol: fade-in symbol and fade-out symbol. Method 7: further study 1, the so-called learning is endless. Method 8: key signature table 1, each note in the scale has at least one key. As early as thousands of years ago, people began to record music with notes, and even the music score we use now has a history of more than 300 years. In music, we use various symbols to concretize the sound, from pitch, length, beat to sound quality and even special effects. This article will tell you some basic knowledge and notation skills, which will help you learn more about music theory in the future.

Method 1: Basic knowledge

1, what is a staff? The staff is the basis of learning music, and it is also the knowledge that must be learned when reading music. The staff is composed of horizontal lines, and the music we use and engage in are based on it. . The staff consists of five parallel "horizontal lines" and four parallel "spaces". We number "lines" and "rooms" from bottom to top and from small to large.

Let's learn treble clef first. The clef is located at the beginning of the staff, indicating the approximate range of the pitch played. The staff of treble vocals and treble instruments all start with treble clef. Take the treble spectrum table as an example. The treble clef, also known as the G clef, comes from the Latin letter G of flowers. Just remember that a clef with a spiral in the middle is a treble clef. Every line and every space in the treble spectrum has a different meaning.

Five horizontal lines represent five sounds from bottom to top: for example, b d f.

Four spaces (spaces between lines) represent four sounds from bottom to top: f a c e.

It seems difficult to write down all the notes, but we can use some formulas. For example, use "children's songs continue to play" to remember the voice on the line. Use the English word "FACE" to remember the sounds in the room.

3. Bass clef is also called F clef. The score of the bass part. The left hand area of the piano, bass guitar and trombone are all suitable for this category. The clef f comes from the letter f of the flower, and the next two points are located on both sides of the fourth line. The pitch between the lines on the bass spectrum and the lines on the treble spectrum is different.

The five elements represent G B D F A (basic scheme) from bottom to top.

The four bars represent a C.E.G. (love to eat foie gras) from bottom to top.

4. The notes in the staff are composed of three parts: Fu Tou, stem and tail. Fu Tou: A hollow or solid circle representing the notes to be played.

Fuguan: A vertical short line connecting Fu Tou. Write it on the right of Fu Tou when the stem is up, and on the left when the stem is down. The orientation of the stem is meaningless, just for the convenience of reading.

Generally speaking, the notes below the third line and the third line are all stem-up.

Tail: Flag mark attached to the end of stem. Regardless of the direction of the stem, the tail is written on the right side of the stem.

Fu Tou, Fu Gan and Fu Wei * * * make up a note, which will tell you not only the pitch, but also the duration of the note, that is, how long a beat is. Beat while listening to music, and you can catch the beat slowly.

Method 2: Pat.

1. Usually a vertical line appears on the staff every once in a while. These vertical lines are also called bar lines. The part before the first bar line is the first bar, the second bar line is between the first bar line and the second bar line, and so on. Bar lines have no effect on music itself, but mainly play an auxiliary role in reading music. Bar lines divide music into many bars, and the number of beats in each bar is equal. Sometimes you can't help but follow the beat of music "1-2-3-4". At this time, you have subconsciously divided the music into many bars.

2. The beat is the same as the human pulse. It is the heartbeat of the whole music. Dance music or pop music has a strong beat. We often say that "moving and beating, moving and beating" is a typical dance rhythm. In the staff, the beat is expressed in a form similar to the fraction, which is called the time sign, and it is located on the right side of the clef. Like all fractions, the time signature has a numerator and a denominator. The molecules here are written between the first two rooms, indicating how many beats there are in each bar. The denominator is written in the last two rooms, indicating what sound is taken as a beat (the last four are quarter notes).

4/4 time is probably the easiest time to understand. There are four beats in each bar, and the quarter note is one beat. At the same time, it is also the most commonly used beat in pop music, so in most cases, you can count "1-2-3-41-2-3-4 …" to beat the beat.

The numerator that changes the time signature also changes the number of beats in each bar. Another common time signature is 3/4 time. There are three times in each bar, with a quarter note as a beat. A three-step dance like waltz, the number "1-2-3 1-2-3" is a good example.

Method 3: rhythm

1, rhythm and beat are very similar, but focus on the strength of sound and the overall feeling of music. If the beat only shows how many beats there are, then the beat will tell you how to use it. Tap the table with your fingers, and the tapping frequency is 1-2-3-4 1-2-3-4, unchanged. Bored? Then let's make some changes. Knock harder when counting 1 and 3, and lighter when counting 2 and 4. Does it feel different? Now try the other way around. 1, 3 tap, 2, 4 tap again.

Listen to Regina's Don't Leave Me Again. This song is just in line with this rhythm. Beats 1 and 3 are weak beats, and the drums all fall on the strong beats 2 and 4. This is how music is organized bit by bit. The essence of these music is what we call rhythm.

2. Imagine that you are walking, one step is a beat, and music expression becomes a quarter note. In most western music, each bar has four beats. Now feel the rhythm with your pace. Each step represents a quarter note. You can walk while counting: "1, 2, 3, 4- 1, 2, 3, 4". In the staff, the quarter note is a solid Fu Tou with a stem and no tail.

If you want to slow down, you can take two beats and one step, that is, step on the numbers of 1 and 3, and step by one and a half notes or summary. A binary note is similar to a quarter note, except that the Fu Tou is hollow.

If you walk slowly, take one step every four steps, that is, each step has a whole tone, that is, one tone in a bar. A binary note is a whole note without a stem. It looks like the letter o, or like a doughnut.

Step up your pace now. We have just discussed the situation of slowing down, and we will remove some notes while extending the duration of notes. For example, when changing from a quarter note to a semitone, we will change the solid Fu Tou into a hollow one, and when changing to a full note, we will also remove the stem of the semitone. On the contrary, if we want to speed up, we must add something to the notes. Imagine you are walking again, step by step (you can pat your feet to simulate it). At this time, the bus you want to take has just arrived at the station, but you still have some distance from the station. What would you do? Run! I will wave to the driver while running.

In order to make the notes faster, we must "wave" them or put wings on them. These wings are flag tails at the end of the stem. Suffixes mean that the duration of notes is halved. An eighth note (with suffix) is only a quarter of a note long, while two sixteenth notes (with two suffixes) are equivalent to an eighth note. If we use walking to describe it, we have to switch from walking equivalent to quarter notes to trotting equivalent to eighth notes, and the speed has doubled. If it is equivalent to the operation of a sixteenth note, the speed will be doubled. Now try to beat the beat in the legend with steps instead of notes.

As you can see from the above picture, if you have too many notes, you will feel a little messy, and you may not know where you are when you look at it. To solve this problem, we divide the notes into groups and connect them with stems. The stem is a thick line that connects notes together, and it is a substitute for the tail. The rules for connecting different notes are different. At present, we just need to learn to connect quarter notes with stems. Compare the last two pictures, then beat the time, and you can feel the effect of the operator.

As we said before, the duration of a suffix is reduced by half, which means that the duration of a note is reduced by half with each suffix. Dots have similar functions, but they are all designed to increase the duration. Usually, the dotted line is written to the right of Fu Tou (with a few exceptions, not listed here), indicating that the note should be extended by half. For example, adding a dot after a half note is equivalent to adding a quarter note after it. Adding a dot after a quarter note is equivalent to adding an eighth note.

The maintenance line also has the function of prolonging. It connects the Fu Tou of two notes with an arc. The extension time of the attachment point depends entirely on the notes attached to it, but the sustain line combines two or more notes into one note, and the length is equal to the sum of these notes.

In some cases, you must use sustain lines instead of dashed lines to extend the duration. That is, when the duration of a note is longer than the length of a bar, you can only write the excess as a note and put it in the next bar, and connect them with the sustain line.

The sustain line connecting Fu Tou and Fu Tou is opposite to the trunk.

6. Some people say that music is a series of notes. This sentence is half right. It should be said that music is a series of spaced notes. In order to display these intervals, we need to use rests. Although the rest don't make any sound, they give music emotion and life. Like notes, rests with different durations are written in different ways. A full stop is a short, thick horizontal line stuck under the fourth line. A binary rest is a short, thick horizontal line stuck above the third line. The quarter rest is a winding line. Other breaks are made up of an inclined stem and a tadpole-shaped tail. The number of endings is the same as that of notes with the same sound length, except that the endings of rests are written on the left side of the stem.

Method 4: Melody

1 For example, the staff, the structure of notes, and the basic notation of notes and rests are all introduced. After fully understanding this knowledge, we can begin to learn to read music.

2. First, let's learn the scale of C, which is the basic scale of western music. Most of the scales you want to learn are derived from it. So just remember it and the rest will be easy. The picture above shows the scale of C. Let's understand its meaning first.

Look at its first note, bass C. Its Fu Tou lies between Shanghai and Canada. If the note exceeds the range of five lines, we have to add a line to it separately. The lower the note, the more lines are added. But at present, we don't need to consider this problem.

The scale of C consists of eight notes, and we can find the corresponding white keys on the piano.

Whether you have a piano or not, you should try to listen to these notes from now on. Because music is not only for watching, but also for listening.

3. Learn a little solfeggio. Solfeggio is one of the basic subjects for training music reading skills. It sounds difficult, but in fact, it is to sing notes with what we usually call "do, re, mi". To sing the notes you see, you must first learn to read music. This is a skill that needs lifelong learning, but it is also a skill that can be "applied" from the beginning. Look at the C scale in the picture above. The roll call has been made.

Do you still remember the song Doraemon in the movie The Sound of Music? If you can sing "do, re, mi", watch the corresponding notes while singing. It doesn't matter if you can't remember You can find this song online.

See "Solfege 1" in the picture above, and practice the C scale repeatedly with the roll call.

Practice "Solfeggio Table II of C Scale" repeatedly until you are fully familiar with it. A few times ago, I recognized the notes one by one and hummed each note while watching. Then add the name of the volume, so that each note can be sung correctly.

Pay attention to the duration of each note, using what we said before: the last high note C in the first line and the last low note C in the second line are binary notes, and the rest are quarter notes. Imagine you can walk again. Quarter notes represent one scale and half notes represent two scales.

Congratulations, you have finally started reading music!

Method 5: Tone sandhi marks and the key to music.

1, we have learned the most basic knowledge about rhythm and melody. Now that you have mastered the necessary basic skills, you can understand the points and symbols on the staff. But even this would not be enough There are some things you need to know, such as key signature. You should see the diacritical mark, usually on the left of Fu Tou. Rising mark (? ) looks like a pound symbol, indicating that the note is raised by a semitone. Drop mark (? ) like the lowercase letter b, it means to lower the semitone. As mentioned earlier, the scale of the C key corresponds to the white key on the keyboard. The rising and falling sounds correspond to black keys. There is no rising or falling tone in the scale of C major, as shown below:

In western music, the difference between notes is either whole tone or semitone. Find a key with a pitch of C on the piano keyboard, and there is a black keys between this key and the next white key with a pitch of D. This is because there is a whole tone difference between the notes C and D, and the white key with a pitch of C is a semitone away from the adjacent black keys. So the names of the notes on black keys depend on the situation. It depends, because the voice on the black keys is both the rising tone of the previous white key and the falling tone of the latter white key. If you look at it in the order of C to D, it becomes the key of C, marked with (? ) label.

In the first example above, the sound on black keys is written in C#. On the other hand, you have to use the downward symbol (? ) means D flat.

These are conventional marking methods for our convenience. When you arrange the three sounds C to D from low to high, if you mark black keys with D? Instead of C#, you need to use the minus sign (? ) mark the third note d, which means that it has been restored to d at this time, and it no longer means D.

Let's talk about reducing points. Just look (? You have to restore the voice that was raised or lowered before. See the third line above. Is there a flat sign before the second note D? That is to say, D-flat, all D's after this bar should be dropped by a semitone. So if the third note wants to stand for d, it has to be reduced with a minus sign. The more sharp and flat notes in the score, the more attention should be paid before playing. In many cases, the composer used a temporary ascending and descending sign in the previous section, and will mark a minus sign in the following section to remind the musicians, which has no practical effect. For example, suppose there is a piece of music in D major, which uses A# in the previous section, then there may be a minus sign before the next section A, but it only serves as a reminder.

What we discussed earlier is the scale of C, which consists of nine notes. Starting from C, all of them correspond to the white keys of the piano. In fact, you can start a scale with any note. But if you only play the white keys, the scale you play is not a major scale, but a "mode scale", which will not be explained here. Generally, we name the whole key with the first tone or tonic. You may have heard someone say, "This song is in the key of C". It means that its basic scale begins with C, and the sounds including C D E F G A B C have a certain relationship between the notes in the scale. The above picture has been marked on the keyboard.

The smallest unit of pitch is a semitone, and two semitones are equal to a whole tone. Between these notes, except for E and F, B and C are semitones, and the other two adjacent notes are full tones. The note relationship of all major scales is the same, that is, all half and all half. A scale that begins with the G note is represented by the staff as follows:

Seeing the G major scale in the above picture, in order to keep the note relationship in the major scale, we need to raise the penultimate note F to make it a semitone away from the last G. It seems very simple to raise only one note. But what if we write a major scale from C#? As follows:

Once there are many rising and falling sounds, it looks very complicated. In order to simplify reading and avoid confusion, key signature came into being. Each major scale has its own set of sharp and flat notes, and the beginning of general music is marked. Look at the scale in G major, there is only one F# sharp. Now we don't put the semi-sharp phonetic symbol next to F, but at the far left of the staff, which means all the F sounds in it must be typed as F#. As shown in the figure below:

The scale in G major in the above picture is exactly the same as that in G major without key signature. You will see a picture at the back, which lists all the key signatures.

Method 6: the change of the strength of music

1. When listening to music, you will find that the sound of a song is different from beginning to end. Some places will be louder, and some places will be softer. We call these ups and downs the "strength" of music. If rhythm is the heart of music and notes and modes are the brain, then the strength of notes is the breath of music. Please look at the first example in the picture above.

Strike the table and read: 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 and 6 and 7 and 8? (Chords only express the length of eighth notes) The volume of each beat is the same, which sounds like the sound of a helicopter. Then look at the second example.

See the accents like greater than sign (>) on the notes? Remake these notes, but emphasize the beat you want to play every time you see the accents. Now it may sound like a train instead of a helicopter. Although only a few notes are highlighted, the layering of music suddenly comes out.

Just as you can't speak at a fixed volume, music will change in different situations. The composer described these changes with signs of various forces. There may be many strength marks in a musical score, but the most common ones are "F'", "M" and "P".

P is the abbreviation of Latin "piano", which is relatively soft.

F is the abbreviation of Latin "forte".

M is the abbreviation of "alto", and the table is medium. It is used to modify other symbols. For example, mf is medium strength. Mp is moderately soft.

The more numbers of p or f, the more exaggerated. Sight-singing the example in the picture above (the first tone is tonic, and the name "do" is used), and feel the function of the strength mark.

3. If you want to make the volume louder or louder, you need to use another common velocity symbol: fade-in symbol and fade-out symbol. They show the process of volume gradual change in an intuitive way. The fade-out symbol is similar to the greater than sign, indicating that the volume is gradually decreasing. The crescendo symbol is similar to the less than sign, indicating that the volume is gradually increasing. Generally speaking, the trading volume on the open side is getting stronger and stronger, and the trading volume on the closed side is getting smaller and smaller. If the music changes from strong to weak, it should be marked as "F", followed by an elongated >; Add a "p" at the end.

Method 7: further study.

1, there is no end to learning. Learning music is like learning the alphabet. It is very simple at first, but subtle changes in various concepts, skills and different combinations may take a lifetime to study. Some writers compose music with spiral or other shapes of staff, while others don't even use staff. This article can lay a good foundation for your future study.

Method 8: Key Signature Table

Each note in the 1. scale has at least one key. But students who understand music theory know that sometimes one sound corresponds to two sounds. For example, G# sounds like A? Exactly the same. This is just a theory of piano. But some composers, especially those who compose stringed instruments, think that A? It should be a little higher than G#. The picture above shows key signature in the major scale. C key (no key signature)

Tones with sharp signs: g, d, a, e, b, f? ，C？

Flat: f, b? ，E？ ，A？ ，D？ ，G？ ，C？

c？ A key is equivalent to adding a semitone to each note, so every note rises by half a key. Is it the same in C? In alto, every note should be played with a semitone.

For the convenience of reading, composers usually mark key signature. String instruments often use D major because their empty chords are usually related to the tonic D. However, a few musical works will require stringed instruments to play E flat minor or brass instruments to play E major. These scores seem to give you a headache and are not easy to write.

Tip: Be patient. Just like learning a new language, learning music takes time. Learning anything is the same. The more you practice, the easier it will be and the better you will learn.

Practice the staff with your most commonly used musical instrument. If you played the piano, you should have started reading music long ago. Many guitarists learn by listening instead of watching. But after you start learning to read music, you need to put aside your previous knowledge. Learn to read music before using it.

Find some music scores of your favorite songs. There will be many main melody melody music scores in the library or musical instrument store, all of which are basic symbols and chords. There are always your favorite songs in it. Reading music while listening can help you study better.

Use the formula mentioned earlier to help you remember. For example, the five lines of the treble spectrum are "Children's Songs Keep Playing" and the four lines are "Face". The five lines of the bass spectrum are "fundamental scheme" and the four lines are "love to eat foie gras".

To practice solfeggio and ear training, you don't need to sing well, just practice listening and cultivate correct intonation and rhythm.

In order to improve your reading ability, you can read more composers' works and watch them while listening.

Repeated practice is the key In order to lay a good foundation for reading music, you can make some small cards or brochures to help you remember.

Practice in a quiet environment. You can try using the piano at first, because it is not difficult to practice more. If you don't have a piano, you can use the virtual piano keyboard on the Internet.

Enjoy the process of learning music. If you just force yourself to study, everything will become difficult.

Warning knowledge spectrum is a lifetime thing. Take your time and control the rhythm!