Why did Zhang Xueliang never tell the truth about the Xi'an Incident until his death?

Zhang Xueliang, who launched the Xi'an Incident and rewrote modern Chinese history and the destiny of the Chinese people, recently passed away at the age of 101. So far, there has been no direct comment from him on the Xi'an Incident.

This newspaper exclusively obtained Zhang Xueliang’s oral history record of recalling the Xi’an Incident. He personally traced the mood and reasons for launching the Xi’an Incident, solved a major mystery that affects China and the world, and also clarified various historical issues of historians. Speculation and conjecture.

In the oral recording interview, Zhang Xueliang opened up the historical scene that had been sealed for more than 60 years. He said that after the Xi'an Incident and the military remonstrance, Chairman Chiang personally said to him: "I will no longer suppress the Communist Party. .

I will not suppress the Communist Party, but cooperate with the Communist Party.

"The history of China and the destiny of the Communist Party of China will be rewritten from now on. *** and *** change offensive and defensive positions.

Guo Guanying, an amateur historian who studied Zhang Xueliang’s deeds, and Tang Degang, a historian in the United States, obtained Zhang Xueliang’s consent in 1990 to discuss several key points in Zhang Xueliang’s Xi’an Incident and the interaction between Zhang Xueliang and Jiang Gong. A recorded interview was conducted.

The transcript will be compiled and submitted to this newspaper for publication.

This is the first time Zhang Xueliang has been interviewed about the Xi'an Incident, which is of great historical value.

There is a clear explanation of the ins and outs of Jiang Gong and the Xi'an Incident.

During the interview, Zhang Xueliang took the initiative to admit that the non-resistance policy of the Republic of China on September 18, 2018, lost the Northeast. The responsibility does not lie with the central government but with him.

Zhang Xueliang has another oral history project at Columbia University in the United States, but it must be made public after the death of the relevant parties.

The audio record obtained by this newspaper contains more than 10,000 words, which is even more precious.

(1) The Xi’an Incident was forced out! Choosing to suppress the Communist Party on your own Guo: After returning from abroad (returning from a European tour in 1934), why are you willing to fight against the Communist Party? Zhang: At that time, the old president actually said that he was very kind to me. When I came back, he told me about everything. He said: Han Qing, I know you are having fun, so don’t play anymore when you come back.

The second thing is, you choose. Before you go out, everyone in the country will not understand you. You choose what you are willing to do.

There are two things. One is Liu Heiqi, a bandit. There was a lot of trouble at that time. You go and beat Liu Heiqi.

One is to fight *** in three provinces (Henan, Hubei and Anhui).

I didn’t want to fight the bandits, but that’s how I decided to suppress the bandits.

I chose it myself.

At that time, Wang Jingwei wanted me to be the commander of the Beijing and Shanghai garrison.

When I came back, I myself, in good conscience, was willing to be the commander of the Beijing-Shanghai garrison. I made it clear to the old president at the time, but the old president refused to agree to it.

Guo: Be the director of the attendant room? Zhang: No, most people probably don’t understand this. The Northeastern Army is my burden.

I told the old president at that time that I didn’t want to lead the Northeastern Army and would quit.

When I am the commander of the Beijing-Shanghai garrison, I will not lead the Northeastern Army. To put it bluntly, I don’t want to lead the army and quit the job. It is a burden.

Therefore, this burden is always a burden that I cannot get rid of.

In the end, the reason is still this baggage. Generally speaking, Northeastern soldiers blame me for saying, you have such a relationship with Mr. Jiang, we came with you, what should we do now? We are homeless and have nowhere to go. The central government does not want us. Even if we die, we cannot receive it... The order from the Military and Administrative Ministry requires us to receive pensions, but we must return to our hometowns and territories.

Then go back to the Northeast to get it? Isn't this unreasonable? So I can’t take off this burden.

So I was really in a national crisis and had a family feud, and I couldn’t get rid of the burden of the Northeast.

Later Dai Li said something to me. He said that we didn’t understand you for saying this back then. Are you a burden to the Northeast Army? Now we also have baggage, it’s the same thing.

What should I do next? So people, you, you have never done it before. You have to have subordinates, especially in China. In the past, you were not the chief and I was the subordinate. Tomorrow, I will still come for you. This is how it comes.

When I was the commander-in-chief of the three eastern provinces, my father died. I was not prepared! I didn't want to do this! Tang: By accident.

Zhang: Things are like this in the world. If we are not prepared, we are not prepared.

It seems to say, "Don't I tell you a joke? I have no contact with literati, so I call you a maggot."

If you (the person praised by the literati) can’t get up, what should we do? I don’t follow you (literati), I respect ghosts and gods and stay away from them.

Please pay attention to the three of you. People, even great people fail. You don’t know whether you will succeed or not...

Self-evaluation of life: failure Guo: Mr. Han, do you think your life is a success or a failure? Zhang: Failed.

Guo: Why? Zhang: I think about myself, and I say I failed.

What is the reason? When I was young, I was entirely on my own and didn’t discuss anything with others.

Except for sometimes very big things, I discussed it with Wang Shuhan once or twice. I respect him very much. He is my secretary-general. Everything else is up to me.

I think about myself. I was proud of myself when I was young. After several major events: Guo Songling's defection, my father's death, I have survived these major events.

Guo Songling's defection was a difficult thing to overcome, and my father's death was the hardest thing for me to overcome. I had to deal with internal and external troubles, so I got through it.

Later, I was very proud of my cooperation with the central government over the years, especially when Mr. Chiang almost completely handed over the affairs of the north to me.

I often say to myself that turning my hands to make clouds and turning my hands to make rain are about three thirds of the world. I cannot say that there is only one or the other.

Leave all matters in the north to me, managing so many provinces.

I was only twenty-eight or nine years old.

So I thought to myself, I was proud of myself, and I didn’t think well about others.

I never think about what will happen in the future like others. I never think about it. I just think that I will do it.

Whenever I am determined, I am always determined like this.

Am I selfish? Am I acting in my own self-interest? Do I have a clear conscience? Okay, no, I have a clear conscience and I have no selfish motives.

I dare to tell you that I had no personal interests in doing that thing (Xi’an Incident).

I have never done anything that has anything to do with my personal status or interests, I don’t have any.

If I had my own status and interests, there would be no Xi'an Incident.

Let me tell you, I have great power and wealth, and I don’t want anything.

Therefore, Mr. Jiang can also forgive me.

Do I want money from Mr. Jiang? Do I care if he wants territory? I don't.

I sacrifice myself.

Sacrificing myself for what? My first question is: don’t fight.

What did I say we were fighting with ***? They are all Chinese, what are they fighting for? They are all political issues and cannot be discussed, so it is my opinion to discuss them later.

And I told Jie Gong, I said *** you can’t suppress them either.

Why did he say? I said *** has a heart, but we don’t have a heart.

The conflict between me and Mr. Jiang is nothing more than these two sentences. He wants to be at peace with the outside world, and I want to be at peace with the outside world.

The conflict between us is just over this matter. There is no other conflict, no other conflict at all.

Tang: I was a child at that time. I heard that Deputy Commander Zhang criticized Mr. Jiang for "giving priority to internal affairs and giving way to external forces"? Zhang: So Mr. Chiang’s secretary Wang Rizhang said: I have never seen anyone dare to argue with him like this.

I told Mr. Jiang bitterly, and Mr. Jiang also scolded me very badly.

I say if you continue like this, you are surrendering.

Mr. Jiang said that Han Qing, you are really a ***. I have never used the word "surrender" as a soldier.

I say that what you did is worse than surrendering. You are calling the Japanese a little bit... and surrendering because they cannot fight. This is the best thing to win.

In military terms, if China is swallowed up bit by bit without a fight, isn’t it worse than surrendering? Mr. Jiang scolded me.

(laughing) I had such a quarrel with him! Well, Mr. Jiang looked at me very strangely at that time. How dare you do this? Well, I, I... Mr. Jiang also comforted me with a few words.

There are also a few words about Mr. Jiang. He is no longer here. I don’t want to say it out loud. His words made me angry. I was really angry.

Just because during the student movement, I was embarrassed to talk about him anymore. I was really... Guo: He said to shoot with a machine gun? Zhang: Yeah.

Guo: You said, "If machine guns don't hit the Japanese, they hit the students?" Zhang: Yes, I'm really angry.

How do you know? Guo: You told me, you told me.

You said, the words came to your mouth but did not come out... Zhang: I am really angry. This sentence irritated me.

This is the way I am. Don’t look at my wife being so fierce with me. She is very afraid of me getting angry. If I get angry, I am not afraid of anyone.

I will shoot someone if I get angry.

I'm so angry.

What am I angry about? What I mean is this: "You old man, I want to teach you a lesson!" Well, that's what I am.

You know I am ninety years old now, and let me tell you, this is who I am.

Guo: Do ??you think Mr. Jiang succeeded or failed? Zhang: I think he failed! fail! Mr. Jiang, let me tell you, I don’t want to criticize him. Mr. Jiang is very conservative, very conservative, and stubborn.

And Mr. Jiang himself, let’s put it this way, I criticize him in this sentence, just this sentence, if he can be the emperor, he will be the emperor.

That’s it.

He thinks that what I say is right, and what I say should be right.

Mr. Jiang is such a person.

To be honest, Mr. Jiang thinks very highly of me. I secretly think that he also thinks highly of me.

Guo: He respects you for speaking out, but he cannot tolerate others challenging his authority.

Zhang: Well, he is like this, and I have damaged his dignity.

But when I arrived in Nanjing, I also said the same thing in Xi'an.

Some people should still remember this sentence.

I said at that time: "(The Xi'an Incident to Chiang Kai-shek) is like a light bulb. I turn it off temporarily, wipe it, and turn it on again to make it brighter.

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