How to make good use of rhetoric in tour guide explanation (1)

Rhetoric, also known as rhetoric and figures of speech, is a format created by using oral and written language to enhance the expression effect. Proper use of rhetoric can make the language of tour guides vivid and artistic. The following are some rhetorical devices commonly used in tour guide language.

1. Metaphor

Metaphor is analogy with similar things. Similarity can be external, such as form, color, ambiguity, sound, etc. It can also be internal, such as nature, function, emotion, etc. As Liu Ting and Wen Xin Diao Long said, "It is either a metaphor of sound, a metaphor of form, a metaphor of mind or a metaphor of things." Metaphor is the most commonly used method to modify language.

(1) Metaphor transforms abstraction into image. For example, "Miao girls especially like singing, and their songs are as crisp and beautiful as larks." Singing is an abstract concept here, and this ratio is visual.

(2) Metaphor makes people (things) vivid. For example, "According to legend, He Xiangu of the Eight Immortals is very beautiful. She likes to wear green clothes, elegant and generous, just like a blooming lotus.

(3) Metaphors that make the scene vivid. For example, "Looking at the scenery of Dongting Lake from Yueyang Tower, you will feel that Dongting Lake is like a huge silver plate, and Junshan in the distance is like a green snail embedded in it ..."

(4) Metaphor of rich imagination If imagination is wings, then the wonderful metaphor is the feathers of wings. Please read an article describing the Diaoshuilou Waterfall in Jingbo Lake. The tour guide said, "If you can't walk far in the dense forest that blocks the sun, you can see the majestic waterfall. It is like a thundering bubble, shower, flying beads, broken jade, snow foam, jumping and roaring, splashing water droplets, soaring into the sky like a mushroom cloud, and then turning into a veil-like mist under the irradiation of sunlight at a specific angle. These metaphors give people endless reverie and immersive beauty.

(5) The metaphor that makes the language concise and vivid is: "The shape of the lotus is a cone, with the bottom facing upwards, the top connected with the stem, and many small holes at the top." If this passage is used as a metaphor, it can be simplified as: "Lotus is shaped like a watering can mouth." It is concise and lively, but it is also specific.

When using metaphors, we must pay attention to the following points:

(1) Be familiar with metaphors and be close to them. Choose familiar and popular things to compare unfamiliar things or profound truths. In other words, "easy to describe difficult" is easy to understand. If "difficult to compare easy" or "difficult to compare difficult" loses the meaning of metaphor, it will be more confusing.

(2) With differences, the ontology and the vehicle are essentially different, but there are similarities. For example, "Chenghuang Temple is like asakusa in Tokyo." Although there is "similarity", it is not a metaphor, but a comparison. Before and after metaphor are similar things, but before and after metaphor are not similar things.

(3) Strive to be novel and unconventional.

Since ancient times, many people have compared the West Lake to "glass", "mirror", "bright moon" and so on, but Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, was the first to compare the West Lake to the stone of Yueguo beauty in the Spring and Autumn Period. He vividly summed up the beauty of Zi and Hu with the poem "If the West Lake is better than Zi, light makeup is always appropriate". In addition, both "West Lake" and "Xi Stone" have a "flying to the west to increase interest". It can be seen that novel metaphor has a very strong artistic appeal.

compare

Analogy, also known as "pseudo-imitation", is a rhetorical method that imitates things as people, people as crops, or things as things and things as things. In the art of tour guide language, personification is most commonly used.

(1) The metaphor that makes the scene blend is as follows: "Look, the welcoming pine on the mountain is smiling and extending a warm hand to us to welcome all the guests from afar." Welcome pine is a kind of plant. After giving people thoughts and feelings, they will "smile" and "extend a warm hand", which will add a lot of color to the image.

(2) The contrast atmosphere is as follows: "Shun Di's two concubines, E Huang and Nv Ying, chased Dongting Mountain during their southern tour. Here, they got the news that Shun Di died in Cangwu. Suddenly, the two concubines were heartbroken and burst into tears. The bamboo forests all over the mountain also sent out a series of heart-wrenching sobs with them ... "Here, the" bamboo tree "was personalized, which set off a sad atmosphere and made people move.

When using analogy, we must pay attention to three points:

(1) should conform to the characteristics of things. For example, "at night, you can see the scene of' golden cicada playing the piano and dancing butterfly, frog smoking prostitute playing gongs and drums'." What is said here conforms to the characteristics of "golden cicada", "butterfly" and "frog". It would be a joke to switch to "butterflies play the piano and frogs dance"

② Expression should be appropriate and decent. For example, "General Rock stands here, solemnly overlooking the rolling mountains under his feet, as if reviewing thousands of troops." If we say, "The general stood there gracefully, as if expecting her husband's return." This is neither fish nor fowl.

③ Pay attention to stylistic features. Personification is often used to explain landscapes and their stories and legends, but it is generally not used in similar descriptive styles.

exaggerate

Exaggeration refers to an exaggerated or reduced description of things on the basis of objective truth. In the art of tour guide language, exaggeration can emphasize the characteristics of things, clearly express the feelings of tour guides and arouse people's * * *. As Gorky said: "Exaggerated good things make it look better; Exaggerating harmful things makes people look tired. " Meanwhile, exaggeration can arouse people's rich imagination. For example, "Look at the hibiscus flowers on the quilt cover of Xiang embroidery, which seems to give off a rich fragrance and attract bees and butterflies." Here, the superb skills of Xiang embroidery are described in an exaggerated way, which arouses people's beautiful imagination. The main forms of exaggeration are as follows:

(1) exaggerates through metaphor. For example, "drinking tortoise and snake wine will prolong life, and a few people will feel floating in the air." Here, the effect of tortoise and snake wine is exaggerated by "floating like a fairy", which makes people feel mysterious about tortoise and snake wine.

(2) more exaggerated. For example, "the sea is so blue that people can't wait to turn into a fish and dive into the waves to enjoy it."

(3) exaggeration through deification. For example, "During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhang Fei and Guan Yu played chess on a rock-Xiaofeng. Suddenly, a boulder fell and Guan Yu looked up. He threw a chess piece in the middle and stopped the falling stone halfway up the mountain. Zhang Fei saw the applause deafening, but I didn't expect it to shatter another boulder on the side by half. " Now, right next to the stone table where they play chess, there is a' broken stone'. When using exaggerated rhetoric, we must pay attention to two points: First, it should be based on objective reality and give people a sense of reality. For example, "the tears of the seven fairies flowed down her face like spring water." This unrealistic exaggeration can only give people a feeling of false exaggeration. Liu De, in Wen Xin Diao Long? ; In exaggeration, it is said that "exaggeration is temperate", that is to say, exaggeration should be measured, not groundless. The second is to be clear and clear. The secret of exaggeration is that it is not true, but better than true, which can be seen at a glance.