International communication in Qingbang

In China, ordinary people keep a distance from the Youth Gang; legally, no government publicly recognizes the Legal Status of the Youth Gang. Although the Youth Gang is not necessarily a "gangster" organization, it is at least certainly not a "religious" organization. Why do Japan's top scholars identify it as a "religion"? This involves the issue of why the Northeast Youth Gang organized a delegation to visit Japan and why it was welcomed by the Japanese Imperial Government. There are 10 members of the Youth Gang visiting Japan, 4 attaches, 3 Japanese guides, and a total of 17 people. The specific situation is as follows: Fengtian (Shenyang) representatives: Feng Jianmin (21st generation of Qinggang, 48 years old), Wang Zhaoxiu (21st generation of Qinggang, 55 years old), Zhang Xinfu (21st generation of Qinggang, 44 years old), Zu Xianting (21st generation of Qinggang, 44 years old) 22nd generation, 48 years old), Lin Qingchen (23rd generation of Qinggang, 54 years old).

Representatives from Xinjing (Changchun): Lu Wanbin (21st generation of Qinggang, 60 years old), Chang Yuqing (22nd generation of Qinggang, 49 years old).

Yingkou representative: Hao Xiangchen (22nd generation of Qinggang, 55 years old).

Representative of Harbin: Zhao Qinglu (22nd generation of Qinggang, 63 years old).

Fakumen representative: Yang Yushan (22nd generation of Qinggang, 55 years old). Hirano Takechi, Washizaki Kenta, Yoshimura Tomomasa. Roughly similar to the Youth Gang in the Mainland, the Northeast Youth Gang is also formed based on the principle of simulated kinship. "Zi" or "generation" are used to indicate the identity and mutual relationship of the members. The members belong to "Xingwu Sixth", "Xingwu Four", "Jiahaiwei", "Jianghuaisi", "Jiabai" and "Hangsan". "Waiting for "help". The "gang" here is similar to the "fang" in the clan system. The last characters of the "top 24 generations" are "大", "通", "武", and "学" respectively

Among the 10 members of the delegation, there are 4 people from the "big" generation (the 21st generation). There are 5 people from the “Tong” generation (22-character generation) and 1 person from the “Wu” generation (23-character generation). If compared with the Youth Gang tycoons on the beach at that time, we can know that except for one person who belongs to the lower generation with the word "enlightenment", the others are all of high seniority. The above-mentioned members of the Youth Gang visiting Japan not only have their own forces in the Northeast, but also have more or less connections with the Youth Gang in the mainland. For example, Feng Jianmin (also known as Feng Jingou, 6th from the left in the front row of the title picture), the chief representative of the delegation visiting Japan and self-proclaimed "General Representative of Manchukuo's Household Affairs", served as an Army Major General in Zhang Zuolin's army, and was the 20th member of the Youth Gang such as Yang Yuting and Zhang Zongchang. King Joseph was his master. Wang Joseph was a native of Duo County, Shandong Province. He was said to be a Catholic and had many disciples in Beijing and Tianjin.

The tall and tall 22nd generation Chang Yuqing (2nd from right in the front row of the title picture) was born in northern Jiangsu and was once the "foreman" of a Japanese factory in Shanghai. In May 1932, after the "January 28th" Incident, Chang Yuqing and Hu Lifu organized a pro-Japanese "citizen maintenance meeting" in Zhabei. For this reason, Hu was assassinated by the Kuomintang agents in Shanghai. He often didn't dare to stay in Shanghai and fled to Dalian. Chang Yuqing has lived in Dalian for more than five years. Chang was able to stand out in the Dalian Youth Gang, and his master Cao Youshan's Youth Gang connections helped him. Cao Youshan is from Shandong and has lived in Shanghai for a long time. She is a famous Youth Gang figure in Shanghai. She has many disciples and disciples among immigrants from Shandong in Northeast China. Chang returned to Shanghai in December 1937 and organized the "Zodiac Society" with Japanese ronin to assassinate anti-Japanese patriots. In 1938, Chang established the "Anqing Alliance" in Nanjing. In May 1946, he was sentenced to death for being a traitor. The indictment did not mention its activities in the Northeast. In 1931, after the Japanese Kwantung Army launched the "September 18th" Incident, it quickly invaded and occupied the three northeastern provinces. Faced with the dramatic changes in the political map of Northeast China, the above-mentioned top figures from the Green Gang claimed that the Green Gang was a Buddhist organization and expressed their willingness to be loyal to the rule of the Japanese Kwantung Army. The social influence of the Youth Gang also attracted the attention of the Japanese.

In March 1933, a mainland ronin named Sakai Eizo established the "Greater Manchukuo Justice Group" in Shenyang. Sakai was ambitious and tried to expand the organization with the help of the Youth Gang's network, and for a while he had considerable influence. The "Greater Manchukuo Justice League" called on youth gangs from all over the country to respond to its call, and established "cooperative relationships" with Shenyang Youth Gang Zu Xianting, Changchun Youth Gang Lu Wanbin, and "All-Manchurian General Representative" Feng Jianmin.

The so-called "cooperative relationship" is actually just a cover for the "Justice Corps of Greater Manchukuo" to use the Green Gang, and the reason why the members of the "Justice Corps of Greater Manchukuo" joined the Green Gang is just to absorb and use the Green Gang. It was precisely based on this relationship that a few months later members of the "Greater Manchukuo Justice Corps" lobbied the Kwantung Army, and the scene of the Youth Gang's visit to Japan was staged.

The visit of Youth Gang representatives to Japan is related to a Japanese named Miyaji Hisoe. It turns out that Miyaji once served as the commander of the Japanese cavalry force. After retiring from the army, he successively served as the "Minister of Integration of the Tokyo Social Works Association" and the "Director of the Central Convergence Works Association", specializing in the resettlement of Japanese "Burakumin" Work. In Japan, "burakumin" are an ethnic group that suffers social and political discrimination. After the Meiji Restoration, after Japan achieved the goal of modern nation-state integration, the situation of "burakumin" did not change. After Japan invaded Tohoku, the military decided to move a large number of "burakumin" to the northeast. Japan was worried that the "burakumin" who were discriminated against in Japan would also be discriminated against by the Chinese people after immigrating to the northeast. Therefore, Miyaji was commissioned to investigate them in the northeast. possibility.

At that time, while the Japanese Kwantung Army was advancing its plan to occupy Northeast China, it was also considering how to integrate Chinese society. Ju Pu, an advocate of the Puppet Manchukuo "Five Nationalities Concord" ideology, suggested that the Kwantung Army authorities learn from the practices of the Shanghai Concession and protect and reform the Youth Gang, which can both control workers and deal with bandits (including gangsters). Going a step further than Tachibana, Suemitsu Takayoshi, the author of "Secret Societies and Charity Societies in China", believes that the Youth Gang can be reorganized into a "political party". Therefore, it was not without reason that when Miyaji first came to the Northeast to investigate, he set his sights on the Green Gang.

After Miyaji arrived in the Northeast, he met two Japanese people. One is Washizaki Kenta. Washizaki graduated from Shanghai East Asia Tongwen College and worked in the Public Security Police Department of the Puppet Manchukuo. Through Washizaki, Miyaji met Hirano Takechi again. Hirano is a mainland ronin, a member of the Youth Gang, and a member of the "Great Manchukuo Justice Group". As a result, Washizaki and Hirano lobbied the Kwantung Army through Miyachi, and soon obtained permission for the "legal" activities of the Youth Gang, and formed a Youth Gang organization called the "Qing Jing Xing Min Comrade Association." Its purpose is to integrate the Northeast Youth Gang (which claims to have 2.5 million people) and integrate it with the "Greater Manchukuo Justice Group". In this way, the Green Gang, which did not have "legal" status during the rule of Northeastern warlord Zhang Zuolin, gained "legal" status under Japanese rule. Moreover, under the lobbying of the three men, the Kwantung Army headquarters agreed to sponsor a Youth Gang delegation to visit Japan, allowing the Youth Gang representatives to receive colonial education from the Japanese Empire, "with a view to supporting them in the future."

However, after the Youth Gang visiting Japan group stayed in Japan for 10 days, on July 11, they were suddenly ordered to disband and were not allowed to move freely in Tokyo. The group could only make several batches to return to the Northeast. Why did the grand welcome ceremony end so hastily soon after it began? As for the original reason, it is said that a man named Kiyoharu Yoshii used the Youth Gang's visiting Japan group to engage in fame-seeking activities, while Washizaki, Hirano and others secretly misappropriated about 1,500 yuan in funds paid by the Kwantung Army. However, the real reason does not seem to be here. Apparently, the Japanese army and navy received reports from other parties, and discovered that the visiting group to Japan, which was highly recommended by the Kwantung Army and regarded as a religious group, was actually a "secret society" with a poor reputation in Chinese history. "——Qinggang. Now the joke got big. Therefore, they had no choice but to order the delegation to be disbanded on the pretext that a few Japanese guides for the delegation had misbehaved.

Japanese scholar Koichi Nomura once said, "Japan's modern history is a history of China's failure in understanding." From the events tracked in this article, it can be seen that before the war, Japan’s understanding of the complexity of China’s history and reality was far less than what most commentators expected. On the contrary, due to strong subjective bias, its understanding of China often revealed deviations from China. Shallowness and ignorance of context. The little-known incident of the Youth Gang visiting Japan is an example.