On Kashmir Conflict between India and Pakistan

Kashmir issue is the ownership of Kashmir. The present Kashmir region is the abbreviation of Jammu-Kashmir, including Kashmir Valley and Jammu Plain. This was originally two independent countries. Jammu residents mainly believe in Hinduism, while Kashmir residents basically believe in Islam. 1846 The leader of Jammu bought occupied Kashmir from the British. The population of Kashmir is several times that of Jammu. This laid the groundwork for later disputes.

Second, controversy.

Kashmir dispute refers to a series of problems caused by the sovereignty dispute between India and Pakistan over Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmir dispute was left by British colonialism when it withdrew from India in 1947. Before independence, India was administratively composed of British India and Tubang. British India includes 1 1 provinces, among which there are about 550 indigenous states. Kashmir is one of the largest indigenous states. According to the Mountbatten Plan published in June 1947, the ownership of Tubo region is decided by local governors, but Tubo must consider the geographical factors of this region.

Kashmir is a special case, it lies between India and Pakistan, and the consideration of "geographical factors" doesn't work here. The prince of Kashmir is a Hindu, but nearly 80% of the residents are Muslims. According to the majority decision principle in the partition plan, it should be assigned to Pakistan; But according to the principle decided by the maharaja, India will obviously be given priority. Therefore, when India was partitioned by China, the ownership of Kashmir was not resolved.

After that, three wars broke out between India and Pakistan. 1948 to 1949, India controlled about two-thirds of the land and three-quarters of the population in Kashmir. Pakistan controls another13 of the land and14 of the population. This ceasefire established the control scope of Kashmir by both sides. Moreover, according to United Nations resolutions, the ownership of Kashmir must be decided by referendum. However, the two sides have never reached a unified opinion on whether to hold a referendum. Through gradual action, India completely took over Kashmir in the early 1960s.

Three. protocol

1966 65438+ 10, after the second India-Pakistan war, the two sides signed the Tashkent declaration. The declaration stated that the two sides would restore normal relations between the two countries and settle their disputes through peaceful means. However, on the key Kashmir issue, the declaration only shows that both sides have stated their respective positions. As for the referendum, the scope of activities of military personnel and other key issues were not mentioned.

197 1-1972 After the third India-Pakistan conflict, the Simla Agreement was signed, requiring the two sides to hold bilateral meetings to finally solve the Kashmir issue.