Orientation choice of Chaoshan folk houses

The orientation choice of Chaoshan folk houses is the most important thing in building houses. The principle of residential orientation selection is to choose the so-called gas gathering place according to different geographical and environmental conditions.

Choosing a place to gather gas is actually a matter of choosing a living environment. The site selection methods of Chaoshan dwellings can be summarized as follows:

1 The homestead is spacious and flat, and there is a wide flat ground in front of the house;

2 the terrain outside the house is high in the east and low in the west, high in the front and low in the back;

There is water in front of the house and mountains behind it;

The plants around the house are ecological.

In addition, according to the specific location of the house and the application of some ideas, it can usually be divided into three types:

1 The location of residential buildings in mountainous and hilly areas often has a more desirable state of mountain water. The ideal house site requires using the four sides of the mountain to gather gas, with "mountain" behind the house and "security" and "facing the mountain" in front of the house.

The choice of residential land in plain area is biased towards the ideal gas gathering place, rather than whether the natural entity factors that constitute gas gathering can really achieve the effect of gas gathering. In a flat place, an inch high can be a mountain, and grass slightly higher in the field or by the water can replace the mountain, the mountain facing the mountain and the mountain with high thoughts.

The choice of urban housing seeks psychological satisfaction in a higher level of concept. The commonly used symbols are that the direction of streets and lanes is the direction of water flow, the houses facing the mountain are the mountains, the Kaisi Mountain is the mountains, and the houses facing the mountains are the mountains.

Geomantic omen is vividly reflected in Chaozhou ancient dwellings. The selection principle of Chaoshan residential orientation is: under the premise of saving land, it meets the requirements of more sunshine in winter and favorable ventilation in summer.

The orientation of Chaoshan dwellings should be arranged as far as possible in the direction where the incidence angle of the dominant wind direction is less than 45 degrees in summer, so that more direct airflow can be obtained indoors. However, when the general layout is decisive, the orientation of residential buildings should be between 30 and 60 with the dominant wind direction in summer, which is beneficial to indoor natural ventilation. In addition, another factor affecting the orientation is the landscape of the built environment. Traditional architecture attaches great importance to scenery, so the "feng shui slanting door" is sometimes designed to get good scenery and avoid bad scenery. However, in the choice of the direction of Chaoshan folk houses, there are few choices in the four positive directions, because of religion. From ancient times to the present, the orientation of temples and Taoist temples is related to the worship of the Lord God, and the higher-ranking gods can walk in four directions. Therefore, in the eyes of the ancients, the virtue and accomplishment of ordinary people are far from being comparable to saints or gods. Therefore, most houses are oriented with a 24-azimuth compass, otherwise the "Shaqi" is too heavy and psychologically unbearable.

In Chaoshan folk houses, the size is also very particular. In the traditional architectural design, ancient surveyors and craftsmen linked the carpentry scale with each star palace in the nine-star map, so the scale was one white, two black, three blue, four green, no yellow, six white, seven red and eight white nine purple. According to the law stipulated in the survey, these three white stars belong to auspicious stars, so the scale is auspicious. The scale determined in this way is used in architectural design, which is called "pressing white" scale method. The principle of use in Chaoshan area is "the ruler is one foot white, but the ruler is not one inch white", that is, the ruler unit should be used as far as possible if it has a suitable white pressure Geely scale, and it is convenient to use the white pressure Geely scale of the ruler unit if it is not white or small. No matter how white it is, the general principle is to "suppress white". The multi-orientation of Chaoshan dwellings has become a major feature of local dwellings, especially rural dwellings, which is related to the geographical environment in Chaoshan. The unique terrain and climate make the location and orientation method of Feng Shui theory suitable for the existence and development of the environment.