How to write a proposal report

How to write a proposal report

There are certain methods and steps for writing a proposal report, so how to write a proposal report? I will give you a detailed answer below!

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1. The purpose and positioning of the proposal report

The proposal report refers to a written explanatory material written by the proposer of the scientific research project or thesis, and is an applied style. This writing style came into being with the increasing planning of modern scientific research activities and the need for programmed management of scientific research topics. The proposal report is generally in tabular format, which converts each item to be reported into corresponding columns. This not only facilitates the proposal report to be filled in by item to avoid omissions, but also makes it easier for reviewers to understand the key points at a glance.

The purpose of the proposal report is to report to experts the preparation status of your project research or dissertation work, and ask experts to help analyze the research value of the topic, whether the research method is feasible, and whether the argument logic is clear and reasonable. Please ask experts Give research suggestions to further clarify research goals, clarify research ideas, and obtain research help. Therefore, the proposal report, as the first writing step in multi-level scientific research work, is very important. By writing a proposal report, the project proposer can organize and summarize his or her understanding of the topic and preparations, so that the specific research goals, steps, methods, measures, progress, conditions, etc. can be expressed more clearly, thereby providing The reviewers provide a more certain basis for developing the topic.

Different levels of topics and different levels of dissertations have different requirements for proposal reports. Therefore, the proposal report should make a scientific and reasonable positioning based on the level requirements of your own topic and dissertation, as well as the research capabilities and levels of yourself or your research team.

Taking a master's degree thesis as an example, the state requires that candidates awarded a master's degree should master solid basic theories and systematic expertise in the subject, and have the ability to engage in scientific research or independently undertake specialized technical work. Ability?. Therefore, when selecting a thesis topic, master's students should determine the research level and have new insights into the topic being studied. The research conducted should be of a certain degree of difficulty and depth, and the survey data analysis should be of a certain level. Theoretical support to show that the author has the ability to engage in professional research work.

If it is a bachelor’s degree thesis, the topic selection should generally be based on the actual situation of undergraduates and reflect the professional characteristics, professional abilities and levels of undergraduates. The enrollment situation of undergraduate colleges in my country is different, and the college entrance examination admission scores vary greatly. All undergraduate students cannot be required to have high research capabilities and outstanding innovations in thesis. The purpose of undergraduate thesis writing is to train college students to be familiar with academic paper writing. Standards and methods are used to cultivate students' comprehensive abilities such as logical thinking ability, expression ability, research ability, and analytical ability. The bachelor's degree thesis proposal report should be written according to this positioning. The purpose is to enable students to master the writing specifications of the proposal report, determine the significance and value of the topic, and establish the basic ideas and methods of thesis writing by writing the proposal report, so as to facilitate Better write academic papers.

2. The basic content of the proposal report

Because the essence of the proposal report is to report to the teacher the preparation of the thesis work, so the proposer should discuss the topic selection, literature review, and research content. , methods and goals to be achieved, etc., and accept criticism and suggestions from experts.

The proposal report should mainly include the following contents:

Part 1: Basis for the argument

1. Background and significance of the topic

2. Literature review

< p>Part 2: Research Plan

3. Research objectives, research content and key issues to be solved

4. Research methods and technical routes to be adopted

< p> 5. Anticipated innovations

6. Research progress and planning arrangement

Part 3: Paper outline

Part 4: References

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After the proposal report is publicly demonstrated, graduate students should generally revise, supplement and improve the topic plan based on the opinions of the expert group. After the revised plan is approved, they can officially enter the thesis research work. Due to the large number of undergraduate students, it is difficult to organize large-scale public demonstrations. Generally, the instructor will provide revision opinions. After the students revise the proposal report, they can start writing the dissertation.

3. Requirements for writing the proposal report

Part 1: Basis for argumentation

1. Background and significance of topic selection

Topic selection is Determining the research topic is the first step in writing a paper and is a major strategic matter. The topic selection must comply with the topic selection principles. The appropriateness of topic selection is directly related to the quality level of research results. The background and significance of the topic does not need to be lengthy. You only need to clearly state the historical background, economic and social background, and writing background of the topic, and emphasize the theoretical and practical significance of the topic.

2. Literature review

Scientific research is always conducted on the basis of previous research and has inheritance and continuity. Therefore, systematically sorting out and reviewing previous research results is the basis of research. The main tasks of the literature review include two aspects: First, summarize, organize and classify the collected literature materials to make the literature materials more refined, logical and layered. The second is to comment on various theories and viewpoints and put forward your own opinions and opinions. Through a review, you can explain the unique perspective and academic value of this topic or paper.

When writing a literature review, it is generally necessary to first use two to three hundred words to give a brief overall explanation of the relevant concepts, scope, and focus of debate of the research topic. Then we begin to describe each theory, research status, and development direction. In terms of narrative methods, some are based on the current status of domestic research and foreign research, some are based on chronology, some are based on issues, some are based on different viewpoints, and some are based on development stages, but no matter what method is used, as long as it is logical, it will It is possible. Finally, a brief summary of relevant research at home and abroad should be made to clarify the research progress of this topic. What has been solved? What problems still exist? How to solve them?

When writing a literature review, you should pay attention to the following issues:

First, stick to the theme. It is necessary to closely focus on the research topic to sort out the ins and outs of this research, focus on the views and conclusions of previous research, point out the advantages and disadvantages of each view, put forward possible development trends, indicate the research direction, and propose possible solutions;

Second, the organization must be clear. The literature review explains the current research status at home and abroad and sorts out the focus of debate. It must be clearly organized, reasonably classified, and logical, so that it can be read at a glance;

Third, the citations must be accurate. All cited opinions and arguments should be cited and included in the references. Quotes must be faithful to the original text, and must not be taken out of context, or castrate or distort the author's views;

Fourth, the text must be concise. The summary of academic opinions should be concise and should not be lengthy. It is necessary to avoid introducing too much material and too little discussion, and also to avoid too little concrete basis and too much discussion. There are no strict regulations on the length of a review. If it is a review in a project proposal report form, there will generally be a clear word limit of about 1,000-1,500 words. If it is a master's or doctoral thesis, the review length will be relatively longer.

Fifth, the information must be comprehensive. To sort out the views of various schools and factions, the literature review must comprehensively collect data. Only by fully possessing the data can we fully grasp the current research status and fully reflect the solid research foundation.

It is forbidden to just collect some literature and materials and then start writing, and it is even more taboo to read a few Chinese materials and piece them together into a so-called review.

Sixth, the material must be novel. The original materials of the literature review should reflect a "new" word, and should focus on the literature in the past three years, especially the latest academic literature published recently.

Part 2: Research Plan

3. Research objectives, research content and key issues to be solved

(1) Research objectives: use a concise and concise In two or three sentences, clearly describe the goals to be achieved in this research. The number of words should not be too many. The expressions should be logically clear and the goals should be clear.

(2) Research content: Regarding the research content, there are two ways to write it. One is to list the title and summarize the content of a part in the form of a subtitle; the second is to discuss it in sections and use A sentence form that can express a complete meaning and summarize a part of the content. Listing a title is easy to repeat with the third part, "Thesis Outline". Therefore, if a title is listed, it is generally still a brief description under the first-level heading, rather than an outline title; it can be seen that regarding the writing method of research content, It is better to combine the two.

(3) Key issues to be solved: The so-called key issues are the main direction and research purpose of the paper. Specifically, it refers to the new theoretical issues, technical issues or methodological issues that are designed to be proved during the topic selection process, as well as the topic proposer’s basic views on this issue. The key issues to be solved are put forward based on a review of the current research status of this topic at home and abroad, and are directly related to the research results. The key issues to be solved should be listed around the theme of the paper, not too many, and should have inherent logic, rather than just a few scattered questions.

4. The research method and technical route to be adopted

Research method refers to the thinking method needed to complete the paper or project, which belongs to the category of epistemology. Confucius said, "If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools." ?Without correct research methods, we cannot deeply understand the essence of things and reveal their objective laws, let alone any innovation.

There are many types of research methods, including philosophical methods applicable to all subject areas, general methods applicable to multiple subject areas, and special methods or specialized methods applicable to specific subject areas. As a topic proposer, you must not only be familiar with the specialized methods in this subject area, but also master philosophical methods and general methods. In the process of writing the proposal report, many people often mistakenly think that it is enough to copy other people's research methods. In fact, this is wrong. When writing research methods, you must first discuss the research methods based on the key issues that need to be solved in the paper or topic. If the paper has survey statistics, you need to use survey statistics, interviews, questionnaires, spss statistical analysis, etc.; if If a large amount of literature needs to be analyzed, content analysis, document analysis, qualitative research, etc. can be used. Secondly, the research method is not to list as many as possible, but to specifically solve the key issues in the paper.

Regarding the technical roadmap, a technical roadmap is generally drawn. Match the research ideas and processes to the problems to be solved, and the research methods. The drawing of the technical roadmap should be concise, beautiful, precise and easy to understand. If the drawing is messy and ugly, it is better not to draw it at all.

5. Anticipated innovation points

Although the expected innovation points in the proposal report are not required to be long, they are very difficult to write. Because an innovative article requires a lot of accumulated knowledge and a lot of thinking to write. If the proposal report does not have sufficient literature review and preliminary research, it will be difficult to come up with expected innovations. If you can't bring it up, you can just write nonsense. It is expected that the innovative points must be combined with the literature review, key research questions and research methods to be convincing. Innovation can be innovation in research methods, innovation in research perspectives, innovation in research perspectives and conclusions, innovation in technology, innovation in theory, etc. There is no need to list too many innovative points, but they should be consistent with the actual situation of the key issues solved by the paper.

6. Research progress and planning arrangements

Research progress and planning arrangements are timetables to ensure that various tasks are completed within a limited time. According to the writing tasks, time is reasonably arranged and divided into phases. Segmented, completed on time with quality and quantity. Progress and planning arrangements are generally made in list format.

Part Three: Thesis Outline

The thesis outline is the details of each chapter of the paper. It is generally required to list three-level headings, such as the introduction:

1 Introduction 1.1 Research background and significance

1.1.1 Research background

1.1.2 Research significance

1.2 Research status (literature review)

1.2.1 Current status of foreign research

1.2.2 Current status of domestic research

1.2.3 Research review

1.3 Research objectives, ideas and methods

< p>　1.3.1 Research objectives

　1.3.2 Research ideas

　1.3.3 Research methods

　1.4 Innovation points

Introduction part The outline of the paper is similar to the proposal report in some places, but the whole is different, because the reading objects are different, and the ways and methods of expression are also different. Some graduate students directly turn the proposal report into the introduction to the first chapter of the thesis. The title contains "Purpose and Significance of the Selected Topic", "Expected Goals", "Expected Results", "Expected Innovation Points", etc. This is inappropriate. It’s all done, but still retaining the word “expectation”, wouldn’t it make people laugh? The rigor of writing a thesis must be demonstrated through the proposal report, and any omission of any detail will not be tolerated.

The introduction outline listed above is for reference only. The specific content should be determined according to the situation of the paper. If the paper has a large literature review, it can also be taken out separately as the second chapter. It cannot be rigidly formalized or simply applied. .

Part 4: References

References refer to the main references that were read and directly cited when writing the review. The references section has the following requirements:

First, you must read and cite carefully. The references should correspond one-to-one with the quoted words and opinions in the proposal report. It means that the document has been truly read and quoted, rather than just making up the numbers. The bibliography can be directly exported from CNKI, and the format is standardized. If it is not true reading and true citation, you can write as many references as you want, but this does not meet the writing specifications and requirements. Academic papers are scientific research work and must not be false at all. They must have a scientific spirit, seek truth from facts, and be meticulous;

Second, authoritative documents must be cited. The literature review describes the current research status at home and abroad, and the cited documents must be authoritative documents. What is an authoritative document? This is not strictly defined. Generally speaking, journal articles that have a high impact factor, are authored by prominent authors, are cited frequently, are published by authoritative publishing houses, and come from authoritative academic institutions can be classified as authoritative documents; of course, many newly published articles and books , there are no citations, but it cannot be said that this document is not authoritative. The author believes that when citing authoritative documents, pay attention to the following principles:

(1) Do not cite academic journals or works outside this field. For example, academic papers on economics published in literature, prose, and poetry journals.

(2) Do not cite low-quality papers. The process of citing documents is itself a process of reviewing and reading documents with one's own academic vision. You need to have a grasp of the quality of the paper, rather than accepting everything.

(3) When citing documents, you should check the author's academic resume to have a more comprehensive understanding of the author. Mencius once said, "If you recite his poems and read his books, you don't know the person." ("Mencius Wan Zhang 2") If you understand the author, you can also establish contact with the author and seek his help. When I was writing my master's thesis 12 years ago, I read an article about productivity by Professor Liu Huajie of Peking University. I was very inspired, so I contacted him. Professor Liu did not have any pretensions and provided me with great help! < /p>

Third, the number of documents must meet and exceed the requirements of the topic opening task. All proposal reports generally have requirements for the number of references. The actual number of references should be slightly more than the main references in the assignment book. The quantity itself is not a problem. The problem is that references are an important window that reflects the author's preparation for academic papers.

Fourth, references must be updated.

It has been mentioned once before, and it is emphasized again here. References should focus on the literature in the past three years, especially the latest academic literature published recently, and the literature in the past three years should account for a certain proportion of the references.

Fifth, the reference format must be standardized and unified. The format of the references is not standardized. There are several formats for a 40-item reference. This is a sign of irregular writing and a careless attitude. Regarding the reference format, generally refer to the national standard document format derived from "CNKI" and Baidu Academic Search.

4. Conclusion

That’s all I have to say about how to write a proposal report. It is now the time for undergraduates and graduate students to write proposals. I hope this article will be helpful to my friends! Finally, I need It is emphasized that although there is not much difference in the specific content of the proposal report, different schools still have different format requirements. They should be made according to their own specific requirements and must not be copied completely. Academic activities are rigorous work that requires patience and determination, and a pragmatic character. You must take it one step at a time and avoid opportunistic ideas. I wish everyone who uses this article can successfully complete the topic development work! ;