How to recite the major historical events in China from 1840 to 2009 in mandarin?

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1. We must work hard on understanding. If you want to remember more and remember more in history study, the key lies in understanding, because only the knowledge that you really understand will not be forgotten. History class, like other classes, you must pay attention to the lecture. Some students think it doesn't matter whether they listen in class or not. Anyway, they can understand the content of the text, and they can cope as long as they recite it before the exam. This idea is very wrong. Although some simple contents can be memorized by rote, more complicated contents cannot be memorized by rote. There is a lot of historical knowledge that must be understood, such as what this knowledge is, why it is like this, what is the significance, what is the impact, and so on. Therefore, we should grasp the causal relationship and ins and outs of historical phenomena; If you don't concentrate on the teacher's analysis and explanation in class, you won't think positively with your brain. If you fantasize about cramming for exams, you will inevitably be irritable or arrogant when you improvise, while others are helpless and confused.

2. Be good at simplifying and simplifying. Some historical events and phenomena are so complicated that we can't memorize them by rote. We can take some effective measures to simplify complex things as much as possible for memory. The main methods are as follows:

(1) formula memory method. When answering some complicated historical questions, just like solving math learning problems, we can sum up some basic formulas and then memorize and answer them according to the formulas. Such as historical events = time+place+people+simple process+result+meaning. After = preparation+occurrence+result. Meaning = function+characteristics+influence. People = name+times+deeds (including thoughts, activities or works)+influence. Works = author+year of writing+content+meaning (or influence). In this way, complex content can be simplified and summarized, and network memory can be formed. In other words, you can quickly remember the basic content by grasping several points as fulcrums and then expanding them. Mastering this method can get twice the result with half the effort when remembering important historical events, historical figures and famous works at home and abroad.

(2) Comparative memory method. Human history has developed according to certain laws. In the process of its development, various historical events or phenomena are related to some extent, and at the same time, they are restricted by time and space, which makes them have their own characteristics. Comparative memory method is to classify and compare two or more related events or characters, and find out their similarities and differences to prevent them from being conceited. Comparative memory method is an important memory method in history learning. The specific methods are as follows: ① Comparing historical phenomena with the same nature but different characteristics, such as the comparison between Qin and Sui, the comparison between Han and Tang dynasties, etc. ② Compare some historical phenomena with similar performances but different natures, distinguish different natures and form different concepts. ③ Comprehensive comparison of historical events with the same nature but occurring in different periods to distinguish similarities and differences. For example, many unequal treaties in modern China and their influence on China society. ④ Comparison between China and foreign countries. For example, the comparison between the four countries that first entered the slave society in the world, the comparison between China and Western Europe entering the feudal society, and the comparison between China's ancient economic and technological development and the West.

(3) List graphic method. Tabular graphic method is a method to connect similar knowledge and form a system according to the characteristics of historical events, which makes many historical facts and complex contents clear and coherent, and achieves the effect of simplifying the complex. The biggest advantage of the list method is that it is concise and eye-catching, and it is an effective method to help memory, especially in the memory of complex historical materials. Such as ancient political reform (political reform), major battles, scientific and cultural achievements; Five wars of aggression against China by foreign invaders in modern history and two important meetings of the Party in China's modern history; Three major religions in world history, bourgeois revolution, two world wars and so on.

(4) Association method. It can be divided into vertical correlation and horizontal correlation. Vertical association is to grasp the main points of a historical knowledge and make it coherent, that is, based on a historical fact, it can be linked to both the previous historical events and the subsequent events. From point to line, you can remember the contents of these historical knowledge. For example, the Japanese occupation of China's territory, Taiwan Province Province, can be traced back to 230 AD when Sun Quan sent Wei Wen to Yizhou (that is, Taiwan Province Province), Yang Di sent people to Taiwan Province Province three times, the Penghu Inspection Department was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province Province in the Qing Dynasty and established the Taiwan Government. From this series of events, we can draw a conclusion that Taiwan Province Province has been the territory of China since ancient times. To put it simply, it was not until the late World War II that the Cairo Declaration clearly stipulated that the Japanese must return the occupied China territory. It was not until the victory of World War II that Taiwan Province Province returned to the motherland, and the Japanese occupied China and Taiwan Province for 50 years. In this way, the historical knowledge about Taiwan Province Province will be connected. The horizontal association method relates different historical events at home and abroad in the same period, or similar historical events in different periods. The third and fourth volumes of "Society" in junior high school study Chinese and foreign history together, which requires us to focus on the history of China and link Chinese and foreign historical knowledge. For example, when we talk about Oracle Bone Inscriptions in China in the Ming Dynasty, we will think of Egyptian hieroglyphics, cuneiform characters in the two river basins and Latin characters in Europe.

(5) String method. Events or characters with a parallel relationship can be memorized by string method, that is, the related contents are connected in series according to the order of the text, and only the first word of each content is memorized. For example, the five contents of Wang Anshi's political reform can be simplified as "youth, fundraising, agriculture, party and security"; The four important international conferences in the late World War II can be simplified as "opening, morality, elegance and waves". In this simplified way, you can remember the content of the text quickly.

3. Remember names, places and years skillfully. The important feature of historical knowledge is that there are many names, places and ages that need to be memorized. If these are removed, it will not become history. Learning history and remembering names, places and years are indispensable basic skills. Naturally, it takes a lot of effort, but it's not just rote learning. There are also feasible scientific memory methods.

(1) Write down your name. By remembering the names of some important people in history, we can grasp the characteristics of some people to strengthen our memory. For example, the emperors in the Han Dynasty were all surnamed Liu, the emperors in the Song Dynasty were surnamed Zhao, and the emperors in the Jin Dynasty were surnamed Sima.

There are two ways to remember people's names: string method and homophonic method, which are especially suitable for remembering foreigners' names. Homophonic method is to understand foreigners' names according to their homophonic Chinese characters, so that the original meaningless syllables can be turned into meaningful nouns or phrases, which is easy to remember. Some people might as well give them a nickname, and use homophonic method (nickname) to remember names as smoothly and vividly as possible to prevent vulgarity and vulgarity. For historical figures, we should not only remember the pronunciation, but also write correctly. If you misspell, all your previous efforts will be in vain. For example, "Huan" is written as "Heng", "Ying Zheng" is written as "Ying Zheng" and so on.

(2) Remember the place names. Many place names are often remembered in history study, especially ancient and modern synonyms and foreign place names, which make beginners feel headache and become a stumbling block in learning. How to remember these place names?

First of all, when learning historical place names, we must use the atlas to deepen our understanding, grasp the geographical position and form a correct spatial representation. If you study the chapter "China ancient foreign economic exchanges", there are many place names to remember. You must find its position in front of a book or atlas in order to remember it. When studying the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty, we can remember one center (Luoyang), two points (from northeast to Zhuo Jun and from southeast to Yuhang) and four sections (from north to south) only by looking at the atlas, otherwise we will get the direction wrong. Military place names in Chinese and foreign history should be remembered with the help of atlas and various marks in it.

Secondly, when remembering place names, you should carefully look at the comparison table of ancient and modern place names under the historical map in the textbook, so as not to mistake the place names with the same ancient and modern names but not the same place. For example, in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, and the textbook indicated Yingtian as "Shangqiu, Henan"; 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang officially proclaimed himself emperor, and established the Ming Dynasty, with its capital in Yingtian, where Yingtian was in Nanjing, Jiangsu. Two "Ying Tian" are not the same place. If you don't read the notes in the textbook or atlas, you will be mistaken for a place.

(3) Remember your age. The concept of time is an important part of historical knowledge and one of the characteristics of historical discipline. Chinese and foreign history stretches for thousands of years (two or three million years from the original population), and there are also one or two hundred years that need to be mastered. Remember that these important years are not only the important content of history study, but also the most difficult aspect for beginners.

So how can we remember the historical era faster and faster?

First, distinguish between before and after A.D., and master the age and century exchange algorithm. When studying the ancient history of China and the world, many students often only remember the number of years, but they can't tell whether it is BC or AD. How can we tell the difference between the two? Introduce a simple method: if it is the history of China, as long as we grasp the matter of Wang Mang's restructuring in 8 AD, everything that happened before it (that is, with the Western Han Dynasty as the boundary) is BC, and everything after it is AD; World history can be bounded by Octavian's establishment of the head of state system in Rome in 27 BC. Everything before this was BC, and everything after that was AD. For example, the Spartan Uprising took place in 73 BC, while Ban Chao's mission to the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty was in 73 AD.

A century is 100 year. Some students think that the conversion between years and centuries can be just divided by or multiplied by 100, which is actually wrong. For example, the British bourgeois revolution in 1640 was17th century, and 1994 was not19th century, but 20th century. Similarly, the Xia Dynasty, the first slave country in China, was founded in 2 1 century BC, not 2 100 years BC, but more than 2,000 years BC. Because 1 is 1 century, 10 1 year is the 2nd century, and 100 1 year is1century, 200/kloc-. Therefore, if you change the century into a year, you have to subtract 1 from the century number and multiply it by 100. Similarly, divide the century number by 100 and add 1 to get the century number.

Second, associative memory method. There are some important events in history that have gone through the same time, such as the national unification of the Sui Dynasty (58 1-589), the Anshi Rebellion (755-763), War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937- 1945), and the American War of Independence (/kloc-).

Third, comparative memory method. In China and other parts of the world, several major events sometimes happen in the same era (or century). If we put them together, we can easily remember them. For example, in 594 BC, Lu implemented the initial tax mu and Solon reform in Athens; 19 19, the may 4th movement in China, the Paris peace conference, the establishment of the third international and so on.

Fourth, use digital features to remember. People in some times are very special, and it is easy to remember if they are arranged together.

A natural number arrangement: Mongolia destroyed gold 1234, and the French bourgeois revolution began at 1789.

B The two numbers are the same: 1665438+ Jin After the establishment of Nurhachi in 2006, 18 18, the birth of Marx, 19 19, the May 4th Movement.

C. The first and last numbers are the same: Christianity gained legal status in the Roman Empire in 3 13, the Battle of Surabaya in 383, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang in 494, Japan was transformed into a new one in 646, Silla unified the Korean Peninsula in 676, and the split of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries in the Northern Song Dynasty ended in 979.

D. Same time interval: There are historical events with time intervals of 2 years, 10 years, 100 years and 200 years in the history of China and the history of the world, which can be used to calculate the years or events, making it easy to remember.

Two years apart: 19 1 1 Xinhai revolution, 19 13 second revolution, 19 15 national protection movement,19/kloc.

Time interval 10 years: 185 1 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution broke out, 186 1 Russia abolished serfdom, 187 1 Paris Commune Revolution, 1 Sudan. 1884 Sino-French War, 1894 Sino-Japanese War, 1904 Russo-Japanese War, 19 14 World War I, 1924 First Revolutionary Civil War, 1934 Red Army Long March. 190 1 The Treaty of Xin and Chou,191Revolution of 1911, 192 1 China * * Established,/kloc-0.

100 years apart, such as: 1492 Columbus arrived in America, 1592 North Korea resisted Japan; 1 127 Jin destroyed the northern song dynasty, 1227 Mongolia destroyed Xixia.

200 years apart: the British bourgeois revolution began at 1640, which is the beginning of modern world history; /kloc-the first opium war broke out in 0/840, which was the beginning of China's modern history.

The development of history is like a long river. Any historical event takes place at a specific time, and time is one of the essential elements of the historical concept. Therefore, it is of great significance to strictly require students to firmly and accurately grasp some important historical periods in history teaching.

However, China, which has a long history and many years, is enough to make most students feel headache. If other countries in the world are added, students will be better at telling history. Even if you learn by rote, over time, it will often make you arrogant and full of jokes.

Then, in the face of so many countries and such a complicated historical era, how to memorize and recite is more effective? According to the teaching experience in recent years, I will briefly talk about my own experience on this issue:

First, the jingle memory method

That is, with the help of some popular rhyming/rhyming slips, remember historical events. Taking the replacement of ancient dynasties in China as an example, the order of dynasties can be made into a jingle: "Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Liao, Song, Xia, Jin, Ming and Qing ". Twenty-eight short words sum up the long history of China from slave society to feudal society. Another example is the order of the Qing emperor: "Angry Huang Shun; Kang Yong dry; Jia Daoxian; Tongguangxuan. " Twelve words record the twelve emperors of the Qing Dynasty. This method not only remembers them firmly, but also does not reverse the order.

Second, the feature memory method

That is, on the basis of being familiar with the internal relations of historical events, find out the important ages of characteristic people to remember. It can be divided into two categories:

(1) Number of shoulders: that is, there is one or two years with the same number in the middle and the same number before and after. For example:

In 525 BC, the Persian Empire fell to Egypt.

In 2 12 BC, Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism.

In 383, the battle of Surabaya.

In 646, Japan was transformed into a new country.

In 676, Silla unified the Korean Peninsula.

188 1 year, Sultan Mahdi rebelled against Britain.

(2) Duplicate figures: that is, the two groups of chronological figures are the same and duplicate.

16 16, after the establishment of Nurhachi.

18 18, Marx was born, the eleventh revolution in Germany.

19 19, May 4th patriotic movement.

Third, sequential memory method.

This kind of memory is the most common memory method: that is, the memory is arranged in the order of natural numbers according to the age of historical events. For example:

1 1 15 years, akuta established gold.

1 125, Jin destroys Liao.

1 127, Jinmei beining.

1234, gold elimination in Mongolia.

1392, North Korea established the Li Dynasty and changed its name to Xian Dynasty.

1492, Columbus sailed to America.

1592, the Great Patriotic War of Nonchen, South Korea.

1775, the American War of Independence was filmed in Lexington, and the first continental congress was held.

1776, the second continental congress was held, the declaration of independence was issued, and the United States of America was established.

Saratoga 1777.

Fourth, the interval (jump) memory method

That is to say, according to thousands of years of historical events at home and abroad, it is helpful to remember by grasping the characteristics of the interval between important historical years. For example, two years apart:

19 1 1 year, Xinhai revolution.

19 13, "Second Revolution".

19 15 years, Yuan Shikai restored the monarchy and the New Culture Movement began.

19 17, Restoration and Conservation Movement in Zhang Xun.

19 19, May 4th Movement.

192 1 year, China was founded.

1923, Han Jing railway workers went on strike.

1925, Sun Yat-sen died, May 30th Movement, Guangdong and Hong Kong workers went on strike.

1927, Nanchang uprising, August 7th meeting, autumn harvest uprising, Guangzhou uprising.

1929, Gutian conference was held.

Another example is the five-year interval:

1487, Diaz sailed to the Cape of Good Hope.

1492, Columbus arrived in America.

1497, da gama arrived in India.

Another example is ten years apart:

190 1 year, Xin Chou treaty.

19 1 1 year, Xinhai revolution.

192 1 year, China was founded.

193 1 year, "September 18th Incident".

194 1 year, Southern Anhui Incident.

195 1 year, Tibet was peacefully liberated.

The arrangement of figures in these years, although rigidly arranged together, is meaningless. However, due to the arrangement and combination, there are also coincidences, so we can grasp the interval characteristics of the year and remember it easily.

Five, symmetrical memory method

In other words, it is easy to remember when the symmetrical historical years of BC are linked. For example, in 476 BC, the Spring and Autumn Period began in the Eastern Warring States Period. In 476 AD, the Western Roman emperor perished, slavery in Western Europe collapsed, and the feudal system began.

In 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang unified China. In 22 1 year, Houshu (Han) was established.

In 73 BC, Spartacus revolted. In 73 AD, Ban Chao went to the Western Regions.

Sixth, control memory methods

Associative memory can be aroused by linking the upcoming Chinese and foreign historical events in the same year with memory. such as

In 594 BC, (China) Lu implemented the initial tax reform. Solon Reform in Athens (Foreign)

1689, China and Russia signed the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu; Britain passed the Bill of Rights.

186 1 year, the Qing government (China) established the Prime Minister's Office. Russian serfdom reform. The American Civil War broke out.

1864, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement failed. (Foreign) First International was established.

1937, July 7th Incident broke out in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. (diplomacy) the formation of the axis of Germany, Japan and Italy.

194 1 year, (Central) Southern Anhui Incident. Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the Pacific War broke out.

Seven, hanging memory method.

Is to seize a historical era, up and down, impressive, easy to remember. such as

1789, the French bourgeois revolution began and lasted for 100 years. China and Russia signed the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar. The next century will be 1889, which is the foundation of the second international.

From 185 1 to 1864, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom revolutionary movement lasted for 500 years from 135 1 to 1364, and the Red Scarf Army uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

Eight, classified memory method

That is, historical events with the same nature are classified and memorized. Such as the three United fronts led by the Communist Party of China (CPC);

1924, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated to establish a revolutionary United front.

1937, the anti-Japanese national United front was established.

From 65438 to 0949, the People's Democratic United Front was established.

Another example is the three armed uprisings in the French bourgeois revolution.

1789 On July 4th, the people of Paris captured the Bastille.

1792 In August, the people of Paris captured the palace.

1793 At the end of May and the beginning of June, the people of Paris overthrew the special envoy of Gyllen.

Another example is the three sudden attacks in World War II.

1939 September 1, Germany attacked Poland.

On June 22nd, Germany attacked the Soviet Union.

194 1 year 65438+On February 7th, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.

Nine, upside down memory method

That is, the figures of historical years are reversed and recorded in another year. For example, in 184, the yellow turban insurrectionary reversed the chronological figure of 48 1 and the Frankish kingdom was founded.

127 1 year established the Yuan Dynasty, whereas 172 1 year, Peter established the Russian Empire.

10. Memory method for calculating age from beginning to end

That is, the general historical events are divided into historical categories, and as long as one age is remembered, another age can be calculated. For example, the slavery society in China has experienced the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties for about 500 years. Remember that the Xia Dynasty was established in 2 1 century BC, the Shang Dynasty was established in the next 500 years, and the Western Zhou Dynasty was established in the next 500 years. For example, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement lasted for fourteen years. As long as we remember jintian uprising in 1856, we can infer that Tianjing fell in 864 and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement failed.

In addition, there are many ways to remember. But no matter what method you use, you need to remember and practice more, so that you can firmly grasp these important history and not confuse the historical years.