The Four Functions of Speech

Speech is also called speech. It is a speech at a grand ceremony and in some public places. The speech draft is the basis of the speech, the standard and prompt of the content and form of the speech, and embodies the purpose and means of the speech. The following are the four functions of my collected speeches. Welcome to reading. I hope you will like them.

The Four Functions of Speech

As a social practice and spiritual wealth of human beings, speech has been in the ascendant since ancient times. The important reason is that it has a strong and extensive social role, immeasurable social value and extremely far-reaching historical significance. Because of this, throughout the ages, from the middle to the outside, speeches have been valued and utilized by people, playing a unique and huge role.

The function of speech is multifaceted, mainly in four aspects.

First, speaking can cultivate good interpersonal relationships and noble sentiments.

Modern society is a society in which people have increasingly close contacts and a civilized society in which information is widely exchanged and disseminated. The speaker should not only have glib eloquence and elegant manners on the stage, but also set an example in his words and deeds under the stage. Their speech should be modest and elegant, and their manners should be decent and generous. Such words and deeds are not only conducive to creating a peaceful atmosphere, but also conducive to people's exchanges. People often say: "Only good interpersonal relationships can produce good economic relations." In modern society, both individuals and groups can make speeches, and social speeches can further deepen the friendship and cordial relations between people, groups and countries.

The speaker's speech not only creates public opinion, enlightens people's thoughts and spreads scientific and cultural knowledge. As a speaker, you must have a good mood, which can play a great role in influencing the mood of the audience, forming the audience's attitude towards real life, and inspiring and promoting people's actions. In a sense, the role of emotional education in speeches is often as important as that of ideological education. When giving a speech, the speaker should use correct moral emotion, rational emotion and aesthetic feeling to infect and influence the audience. Specifically, it is to convince people with correct ideas, impress people with beautiful feelings, and infect people with beautiful language and elegant appearance. Thereby forming a good impression on the audience. Such as patriotism, internationalism, collectivism, revolutionary heroism and so on. Only these noble and beautiful feelings can benefit the audience, mankind and society. Therefore, every speaker must influence and cultivate the good feelings of the audience with a high sense of responsibility and his noble and beautiful feelings, and promote the civilized construction of human society.

Second, speeches can promote the growth of speakers and make more contributions.

People know that the laurels and honors of an orator are not only recognized by society, but also admired and pursued by people. However, this laurel is placed on the dangerous peak of infinite scenery. Only those who are willing and not afraid of hardship can climb the peak and take off their laurels and put them on their heads. Although it is only a moment of wearing it on your head, you can imagine how many times the front and rear speakers have been realized. Because the speaker is not born, but is caused by speaking practice. Hard and multifaceted efforts are the only way for an orator to become an orator. For example, when a speaker stands on the podium and talks about Kan Kan, he doesn't just talk about it. Voice, intonation, tone, articulation and body language are of course indispensable, but what is more important than them is "extra-poetic" kung fu. That is, the speaker himself must stand in front of the times, bravely explore advanced ideas and assiduously absorb extensive knowledge.

Dale Carnegie, a famous American educator and speaker, once said, "A person's success depends on his own knowledge and technology, and 85% depends on his ability to express his views and inspire others' enthusiasm. "Although a person is profound in thought, knowledgeable and admirable, it would be a pity if he can't tell clearly in front of everyone that the teapot can't cook jiaozi. Modern writers Lu Xun and Wen Yiduo can not only write, but also speak. Therefore, we can effectively and fully express our ideas and show our talents through various channels. No matter which field, no matter which class, in the case of almost the same concept, knowledge, skills, etc., people who can say that they can write contribute much more than those who can only write. This is a simple truth, but it cannot be ignored.

Third, speech has the function of continuous self-improvement.

In today's society, the contact and communication between people are getting closer and closer, the communication of ideas, culture and science and technology is becoming more and more extensive, the dissemination of knowledge and information is becoming more and more frequent, and the technology and means of sound communication are becoming more and more modern. Due to the wide popularization and application of telephone communication, TV sets, video recorders, DVD players, computers and the Internet, language transmission technology and conversion technology have reached the cutting-edge level. Nowadays, people's speech is no longer limited by time and space, and they can use various means to spread their voices to distant places and future generations. At the same time, the way of information transmission is not limited to people, but extended to people and computers. Man-machine dialogue has become a new way of information transmission and communication. In this case, it goes without saying that a person with mediocre thoughts, shallow knowledge and poor words can't adapt to the rapid development of the times at all; Even a person with high moral character, profound knowledge and superb skills can't give full play to his intelligence if he is not good at talking and expressing his ideas. Speech is the most advanced, perfect and aesthetic expression in human oral language. Moreover, speech needs comprehensive knowledge, not only the theory and experience of oratory itself, but also the basic theories and knowledge of philosophy, aesthetics, logic, psychology, pedagogy, linguistics, writing and so on. Learning, understanding, mastering the art of speech and practicing it can increase talents, broaden horizons, cultivate sentiment, accumulate knowledge, strengthen self-cultivation, exercise eloquence, cultivate temperament, display image, expand popularity and improve career success rate.

Therefore, the process of learning and practicing speech is a process of constantly improving oral expression ability, comprehensive quality ability, keen observation ability, profound analysis ability, agile thinking ability, accurate judgment ability, superhuman imagination ability, resourcefulness and good memory ability, and a process of continuous self-improvement.

Fourth, speech has the function of serving the society and promoting people's actions.

The role of speech in serving the society refers to the influence and promotion of speech on human society through the audience. It marks the social value and historical significance of speech. The function of a speech is realized through direct influence on the audience. The effect on the audience directly affects the effect on society.

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meaning

A speech, also known as a speech, is a manuscript that expresses one's views, opinions and opinions at meetings or other public occasions. The quality of the speech directly determines the success or failure of the speech.

Speeches are as clear-headed, logical and distinctive as argumentative essays, but they are not ordinary argumentative essays. This is a practical style with propaganda and incitement. It often uses various rhetoric and artistic techniques, and has a strong appeal.

Speeches are not often used. Many famous speeches are improvised and handed down by others through records. However, for important speeches, it is best to prepare speeches in advance, because speeches have at least two functions: First, through careful thinking and careful organization of materials, the contents of speeches are more profound and coherent. Secondly, it can help the speaker eliminate the tension and fear on the spot and enhance the speaker's self-confidence.

main feature

main distinction

Speech is very different from performance and composition.

Speech, also known as speech, refers to an information exchange activity in which a person uses voice language and body language to express his views, tell his views, explain things, publicize his views and express his feelings to the audience on some issues and events in some grand ceremonies and some public places.

First of all, speech is a social activity in which the speaker expresses his views directly to the audience through oral language on certain occasions on some meaningful things or problems that people are generally concerned about.

Secondly, the composition is that the author outputs information to the readers unilaterally through the article, while the speech is that the speaker exchanges information with the audience in two directions on the spot. Strictly speaking, a speech is a triangular information exchange between the speaker and the audience, and between the audience and the audience. The speaker can't be satisfied with conveying his thoughts, feelings and emotions, but must be able to control the reaction and communication between himself and the audience and between the audience. Therefore, the manuscript prepared for the speech has the following six characteristics:

main feature

First: pertinence. Speech is a social activity and a form of publicity used in public places. In order to explain the audience, impress the audience and "conquer" the masses with thoughts, feelings, examples and theories, it must be realistic and targeted. The so-called pertinence, first of all, is that the questions raised by the author are the concerns of the audience, and comments and arguments must have eloquent logical power, be accepted and convinced by the audience, in order to produce the social effects they deserve; Secondly, it is necessary to understand that the audience has different audiences, different levels, and different types of "public places", such as parties, professional meetings, service clubs, schools, social organizations, religious groups, and various competition occasions. When writing, we should design different speech contents for the audience according to different occasions and different objects.

Second: negotiability. The essence of speech lies in "speaking" rather than "doing", with "speaking" as the main part and "doing" as the supplement. Because the speech has to be spoken orally, it must be based on the premise of good presentation. If we say that some articles and works are mainly appreciated through reading, and we can understand their meanings and feelings, then the requirement of the speech draft is "catchy". A good speech is very important to the speaker; It should be nice to the listener. Therefore, after the speech is written, the author had better check it by trial or meditation. Anything you can't say clearly or hear clearly (such as the sentence is too long) should be revised and adjusted.

Third: encourage. Speech is an art, and a good speech has its own agitation, which can stimulate the mood of the audience and win good feelings. To achieve this, we must first rely on the richness and profundity of the ideological content of the speech, the incisiveness, originality and thought-provoking of the viewpoint, and the vivid, vivid and infectious language expression. If the speech is bland and uninspired, the effect will not be good, or even counterproductive, even if you "hit" hard on the spot.

Fourth, the whole speech cannot complete the speech task independently. It is only the written basis of the speech and an integral part of the whole speech activity. The subject, audience and specific time and space conditions of the speech are isomorphic, which constitutes the whole speech activity. When writing a speech, don't be divorced from the whole. Therefore, the following aspects should be paid attention to in the writing of speeches:

First of all, according to the audience's cultural level, nature of work, living environment, taste, hobbies and wishes, we should establish topics and choose ways of expression in order to communicate better.

Secondly, the speech should not only fully reflect the unique and profound views and opinions of the speaker, but also design and annotate the use of tone, speech speed and body language to achieve the best communication effect.

In addition, we should also consider the time, space and atmosphere of the speech to strengthen the live effect of the speech.

Fifth: oral English.

Spoken language is an important aspect that distinguishes speeches from other written articles and conference documents. Needless to say, written articles, other meeting documents, such as meeting work reports and leaders' speeches, don't pay much attention to oral English. Although it is read on the stage by a certain leader, the audience usually has a printed speech, and there is nothing they can't understand while listening to the lecture. Speech is different. It is so impromptu that it is impossible to print out the speech in advance and send it to the audience. Therefore, the speech must pay attention to "catchy" and "catchy". The so-called catchy, is to speak fluently. The so-called ear means that it sounds smooth, there is no language barrier, and there will be no misinterpretation. Specifically, it is necessary to:

Change long sentences into short sentences suitable for listening;

Change the inverted sentence into a normal sentence;

Change or delete words and idioms you don't understand in classical Chinese;

Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words;

Change uncommon words into common words;

Change words that are easily misunderstood into words that are not easily misunderstood.

Only in this way can it be catchy and sound clear.

Sixth: existence

Speech activity is a face-to-face communication between the speaker and the audience. The audience will respond to the content of the speech in time: either agree or disagree, or be interested or indifferent. The speaker can't ignore the various reactions of the audience. Therefore, when writing a speech, we should fully consider its existence and pay attention to leaving room for expansion and contraction on the premise of ensuring the integrity of the content. We should give full consideration to all kinds of problems that may arise during the speech and the countermeasures to deal with all kinds of situations. In short, the speech should be flexible and reflect the necessary field control skills.

strong function

First: "Let people know" speech. This is a speech, whose main function is to convey information and clarify things. Its purpose is to make people know and understand. For example, the aesthetician Zhu Guangqian's speech "On Writing" talked about the preparation before writing, the genre, conception and material selection of the article, which made the audience understand the basic knowledge of writing. It is characterized by strong knowledge and accurate language.

Second: "convincing" speech. The main purpose of this kind of speech is to make people trust and believe. It developed from the "let people know" speech. For example, Yun's speech "How to Be a Good Man" not only tells people who are not good people, but also puts forward three standards to measure good people. Through a series of rational discussions, people's old ideas have been changed. Its characteristics are unique and correct views, detailed and conclusive arguments, and reasonable and rigorous arguments.

Third: "exciting" speech. This kind of speech is intended to excite the audience, resonate with you in thoughts and feelings, and cheer for joy. For example, Martin Luther King, the leader of the American black movement, used several of his "dreams" in his speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial to stimulate the self-esteem and self-improvement of the majority of black audiences and inspire them to fight for "all men are created equal".

Fourth: "touching" speech. This is a step further than an "exciting" speech, which can give the audience an idea of acting with the speaker. Former French President Charles de Gaulle's speech "A Letter to the French People" in London during World War II called on the French people to take action and join the ranks of anti-fascism. It is characterized by strong incitement and often ends in a language of call and appeal.

Fifth, the speech of "making people happy". This is a speech, whose main function is to enliven the atmosphere, adjust the mood and make people happy. Mostly humor, jokes or teasing, generally used for festive occasions. There are many examples of such remarks, and people can hear them. It is characterized by material humor and language humor.

kind

Divide according to genre

1. Narrative style: used to state one's thoughts, experiences and deeds to the audience, and to tell what one has seen and heard and what others have done or happened. In narration, you can also use arguments and lyricism.

2. Argumentative style: put facts and reason, with both factual materials and logical reasoning, stand firm and take a clear-cut stand.

3. Explanatory type: explain things to the audience, and achieve the purpose of establishing opinions by explaining a certain truth or a certain problem.

Divide by content

Political speech

A political speech refers to a speech by a politician or an important person representing an authority to expound political views and opinions. The policy speeches of leaders at all levels, the inaugural speeches of newly elected leaders and the election speeches of politicians all belong to this type. Famous examples include Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg, Churchill's impromptu speech at Christmas in America and Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream. Political speeches have three characteristics:

The first is the political nature of this topic.

This kind of speech often involves major political issues, related to the country, political parties, nationalities, reform, peace and progress. Speakers should show their political inclination, publicize their political views, and strive to correctly grasp the development direction of history.

The second is the agitation of content.

Such remarks serve a political purpose. Through the speech, the audience can understand their own policy agenda or political views, so as to gain understanding and support. This is the most basic purpose of the speech. Therefore, this kind of speech should be very inspiring, infectious and persuasive.

The third is rigorous logic.

In the process of raising questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, politically inspired remarks should show impeccable logical power. Only in this way can we convince the audience and win their understanding and support.

dissertation

Academic speech is a speech that spreads and exchanges scientific knowledge, academic views and research results. With the development of science and the needs of the four modernizations, there are more and more academic exchanges at home and abroad, and more and more academic speeches or reports. Not only professional scientific and technological workers should participate in various academic activities and give academic reports, but also leaders of some organs, enterprises and institutions should often participate in academic activities and become scientific and technological experts. Therefore, academic lectures are widely used. Academic speeches have the following characteristics:

One is academic.

The so-called academic, first of all, means that the issues discussed are scientific, not social. Secondly, it is a systematic analysis and exposition of phenomena or problems in a certain subject field, which can reveal the essence and objective development law of things.

The second is creativity.

The so-called creativity means having unique discoveries and unique opinions on scientific problems. We should make progress on the basis of previous studies, not stagnate. Therefore, academic lectures should not talk about general knowledge, but have their own new materials, new methods and new opinions.

The third is popularity.

Academic lectures are very professional, involving many complex and abstract scientific principles and technical terms, which are difficult for ordinary people to understand and cause certain difficulties for the audience to understand the contents of the speeches. In addition, the oral communication mode of speech is fleeting, and it cannot be chewed repeatedly like reading an article, which also affects the effect of communication. Therefore, when writing a manuscript, you need to annotate some professional knowledge and express the abstract and profound scientific truth in easy-to-understand language.

Ideological education speech

Ideological education lectures aim at people's ideological trends, ideological tendencies and ideological problems in real life, eulogizing truth, goodness and beauty and lashing falsehood, ugliness and ugliness with true facts, strong arguments and full feelings. Guide the audience to establish a correct outlook on life and the world, and encourage the audience to struggle for lofty ideals and undertakings. This kind of speech is suitable for speech contests, keynote speeches, roving reports and other ideological education speeches, and has the following characteristics:

The first is the times.

The contents of ideological education speeches are mostly outstanding problems in real life, all of which have a strong flavor of the times. When writing this kind of speech, we should grasp the spirit of the times and truthfully publicize new people, new things, new ideas and new fashions in real life.

The second is persuasion.

The purpose of ideological education lectures is to persuade, guide and warn people to take every step on the road of life. To this end, the speaker should stand on a specific position, through a large number of detailed materials, specifically and vividly clarify his views, so that the audience will be infected unconsciously, causing thoughts.

The third is vividness.

Ideological education lectures don't impose their views on others by abstract preaching, but impress the audience with concrete and vivid examples and intuitive expressions, so that they can accept the speaker's views voluntarily.

Classroom lectures

It can be divided into two types: one is used by teachers to impart knowledge; First, students write it to cultivate their oral English.

The writing requirements of these two speeches are the same:

(1) Clear purpose;

(2) strict time limit;

(3) The content is substantial;

(4) Simplicity of language.

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