Debate Competition Information-The measure of success is the process

1. Beethoven worked hard to grow up

The great composer Beethoven was unable to go to school due to family poverty when he was a child. After contracting typhoid and smallpox at the age of seventeen, he suffered from lung disease, arthritis, and yellowing. Fever, conjunctivitis, etc. came one after another. Unfortunately, he lost his hearing at the age of twenty-six, and suffered repeated setbacks in love. In this situation, Beethoven vowed to "strangle the throat of life." In the face of the tenacity of life, In the struggle, his will prevailed, and his fire of life burned more and more strongly in his music creation career.

Russell's Paradox

One day, Savile The village barber hung up a sign: "I will give haircuts to all the men in the village who do not cut their own hair. I only give haircuts to these people." So someone asked him: "Who will cut your hair?" The barber was immediately stunned. Speechless.

Because, if he cuts his own hair, then he is the type of person who cuts his own hair. However, the sign stated that he did not give haircuts to such people, so he could not do it himself. If another man cuts his hair, he is the one who does not cut his own hair, and the sign clearly states that he will cut his hair for all men who do not cut their own hair, so he should do it himself. It can be seen that no matter what the inference is, what the barber said is always contradictory.

This is a famous paradox called "Russell's Paradox". This was proposed by the British philosopher Russell, who popularly expressed a famous paradox about set theory in a story.

In 1874, the German mathematician Cantor founded set theory, which soon penetrated into most branches of mathematics and became their basis. By the end of the 19th century, almost all mathematics was based on set theory. At this time, some contradictory results appeared one after another in set theory, especially the paradox reflected in the barber's story proposed by Russell in 1902. It is extremely simple, clear, and popular. As a result, the foundation of mathematics was shaken. This is the so-called third "mathematical crisis."

Since then, in order to overcome these paradoxes, mathematicians have done a lot of research work, which has produced a lot of new results and also brought about a revolution in mathematical concepts.

Neumann

Neumann (1903~1957), a Hungarian-American mathematician and an academician of the American Academy of Sciences.

Neumann was born in a family of Jewish bankers and was a rare child prodigy. He mastered calculus at the age of 8 and read "Theory of Functions" at the age of 12. There was such an interesting story on the way he grew up: In the summer of 1913, the banker Mr. Max published a revelation that he was willing to hire a teacher for his 11-year-old eldest son Neumann at 10 times the salary of an ordinary teacher. Tutor. Although this alluring revelation has made many people's hearts flutter, no one dared to teach such a well-known prodigy... After he obtained a doctorate in physics-mathematics at the age of 21, he began multi-disciplinary research, first in mathematics. , mechanics, physics, then moved to economics, meteorology, then to atomic bomb engineering, and finally, devoted to the research of electronic computers. All this made him an out-and-out scientific all-rounder. His main achievement was mathematical research. He has made important contributions in many branches of higher mathematics. His most outstanding work is to open up a new branch of mathematics--game theory. In 1944, he published his outstanding book "Game Theory and Economic Behavior". During World War II, he made important contributions to the development of the first atomic bomb. After the war, he used his mathematical skills to guide the construction of large-scale electronic computers and was known as the father of electronic computers.

Gauss

Gauss (C.F. Gauss, 1777.4.30-1855.2.23) was a German mathematician, physicist and astronomer who was born in Brunswick, Germany. Poor families. His father, Gerchild Didrich, worked as a berm worker, a mason, and a gardener. His first wife died of illness after living with him for more than 10 years, leaving him no children. Diedrich later married Rodea, and the following year their child Gauss was born, their only child.

His father was extremely strict with Gauss, even a little excessive. He often liked to plan the life of young Gauss based on his own experience. Gauss respected his father and inherited his father's honest and cautious character. When Diederich died in 1806, Gauss had already made many epoch-making achievements.

While growing up, the young Gauss mainly relied on his mother and uncle. Gauss's maternal grandfather was a stonemason who died of tuberculosis at the age of 30, leaving behind two children: Gauss's mother Rodea and uncle Friederich. Friedrich was wise, enthusiastic, smart and capable, and he devoted himself to the textile trade and made great achievements. He found that his sister's son was smart, so he spent part of his energy on this little genius and developed Gauss's intelligence in a lively way. Several years later, Gauss, who had grown up and achieved great success, recalled what his uncle had done for him, and deeply felt the importance of his success. Thinking of his uncle's prolific thoughts, he said sadly that "we have lost everything because of his uncle's death". A genius". It was precisely because Friedrich had a keen eye for talents and often persuaded his brother-in-law to let his children develop into scholars that Gauss did not become a gardener or a mason.

In the history of mathematics, few people are as lucky as Gauss to have a mother who fully supported his success. Luo Tieya did not get married until she was 34 years old, and she was already 35 years old when she gave birth to Gauss. He has a strong character, is smart and virtuous, and has a sense of humor. Since birth, Gauss has been very curious about all phenomena and things, and is determined to get to the bottom of it, which is beyond the scope of what a child can allow. When her husband reprimanded the child for this, he always supported Gauss and firmly opposed the stubborn husband who wanted to make his son as ignorant as himself.

Luo Jieya sincerely hopes that her son can do a great career and cherishes Gauss's talent very much. However, he did not dare to easily let his son invest in mathematics research that could not support his family at that time. When Gauss was 19 years old, although he had made many great mathematical achievements, she still asked her friend W. Bolyai in the field of mathematics (W. Bolyai, one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry). Father) asked: Will Gauss be successful in the future? W. Bolyo said that her son would be "the greatest mathematician in Europe", and she was so excited that she burst into tears.

At the age of 7, Gauss went to school for the first time. The first two years were nothing special. In 1787, when Gauss was 10 years old, he entered a class to learn mathematics. This was a class that was first established. Children had never heard of arithmetic as a subject before. The mathematics teacher was Buttner, who also played a role in Gauss's growth.

A story widely circulated around the world says that when Gauss was 10 years old, he solved the arithmetic problem Butner gave his students to add up all the integers from 1 to 100. Butner just narrated After finishing the question, Gauss calculated the correct answer. However, this is probably an untrue legend. According to the research of E.T. Bell, a famous mathematics historian who has studied Gauss, Butner gave the children a more difficult addition problem: 81297 81495 81693... 100899.

Of course, this is also a summation problem of an arithmetic sequence (the tolerance is 198 and the number of terms is 100). As soon as Butner finished writing, Gauss also finished the calculation and handed over the small slate with the answer. E. T. Bell wrote that Gauss often liked to talk about this matter to people in his later years, saying that only the answer he wrote was correct at that time, and the other children were wrong. Gauss did not explain clearly what method he used to solve this problem so quickly. Historians of mathematics tend to believe that Gauss had mastered the method of summing arithmetic sequences at that time. It is very unusual for a child as young as 10 years old to independently discover this mathematical method. The historical facts narrated by Bell based on Gauss's own words in his later years should be relatively credible. Moreover, this better reflects the characteristic that Gauss paid attention to grasping more essential mathematical methods from an early age.

Butner was impressed by Gauss's computing power, and more importantly, his unique mathematical methods and extraordinary creativity.

He specially bought the best arithmetic book from Hamburg and gave it to Gauss, saying: "You have surpassed me, and I have nothing left to teach you." Then, Gauss established an alliance with Butner's assistant J.M. Bartels. A sincere friendship existed until Bartels' death. They studied together and helped each other, and Gauss began his real mathematical research.

In 1788, the 11-year-old Gauss entered a liberal arts school. In the new school, he excelled in all his subjects, especially classical literature and mathematics. After being introduced by Bartels and others, the Duke of Brunswick summoned the 14-year-old Gauss. This simple, smart but poor child won the sympathy of the Duke, who generously offered to be Gauss's sponsor so that he could continue his studies.

The Duke of Brunswick played a decisive role in Gauss's development. Not only that, this role actually reflects a pattern of modern scientific development in Europe, indicating that before the socialization of scientific research, private funding was one of the important driving factors for scientific development. Gauss was in a period of transition between private funding of scientific research and the socialization of scientific research.

In 1792, Gauss entered the Caroline College in Brunswick to continue his studies. In 1795, the Duke paid various fees for him and sent him to the famous G?ttingen School in Germany. This enabled Gauss to study diligently and start creative research according to his own ideals. In 1799, Gauss completed his doctoral thesis and returned to his hometown of Brunswick. Just when he fell ill worried about his future and livelihood - although his doctoral thesis was successfully passed and he had been awarded a doctorate and at the same time received Lecturership, but he failed to attract students and so had to return to his hometown - and it was the Duke who came to his rescue again. The Duke paid for the printing of Gauss's long doctoral thesis, gave him an apartment, and printed "Arithmetic Research" for him, so that the book could be published in 1801; he also paid for all Gauss's living expenses. All this moved Gauss very much. In his doctoral thesis and "Arithmetic Research", he wrote a sincere dedication: "To the Grand Duke", "Your kindness freed me from all worries and enabled me to engage in this unique research." .

In 1806, the Duke was unfortunately killed while resisting the French army commanded by Napoleon, which dealt a heavy blow to Gauss. He was devastated and had a deep and long-lasting hostility toward the French. The death of the Archduke brought financial constraints to Gauss, the misfortune of Germany being enslaved by the French army, and the death of his first wife made Gauss a little discouraged, but he was a strong man and never Disclose one's predicament to others, and do not allow friends to comfort one's misfortune. People only learned about his mentality at that time when his unpublished mathematical manuscripts were compiled in the 19th century. In a handwritten article discussing elliptic functions, a subtle pencil text was suddenly inserted: "For me, death is more bearable than this life."

Generous and benevolent sponsor passed away, so Gauss had to find a suitable job to maintain the family's livelihood. Due to Gauss's outstanding work in astronomy and mathematics, his reputation began to spread throughout Europe from 1802. The Petersburg Academy of Sciences kept hinting to him that since Euler's death in 1783, Euler's position in the Petersburg Academy of Sciences had been waiting for a genius like Gauss. When the Duke was still alive, he firmly discouraged Gauss from going to Russia. He was even willing to increase Gauss's salary and build an observatory for him. Now, Gauss faces new choices in his life.

In order to prevent Germany from losing its greatest genius, the famous German scholar B.A. Von Humboldt teamed up with other scholars and politicians to obtain the privileged position of professor of mathematics and astronomy at the University of G?ttingen for Gauss. and the position of Director of the G?ttingen Observatory. In 1807, Gauss went to G?ttingen to take up a job, and his family moved here. From this time on, except for a trip to Berlin to attend a scientific conference, he lived in G?ttingen. The efforts of Humboldt and others not only provided a comfortable living environment for the Gauss family and allowed Gauss himself to give full play to his genius, but also created conditions for the establishment of the G?ttingen School of Mathematics and for Germany to become a world center of science and mathematics.

At the same time, this also marks a good start for the socialization of scientific research.

Gauss’s academic status has always been highly respected by people. He is known as the "Prince of Mathematics" and the "King of Mathematicians" and is considered to be "one of the three (or four) greatest mathematicians" in human history (Archimedes, Newton, Gauss or plus Euler). People also praised Gauss as "the pride of mankind". Genius, precocity, high productivity, unfailing creativity..., almost all praises in the field of human intelligence are not exaggerated for Gauss.

Gauss’s research fields span all fields of pure mathematics and applied mathematics, and he has opened up many new fields of mathematics, from the most abstract algebraic number theory to intrinsic geometry, leaving his footprints. In terms of research style, methods and even specific achievements, he was a backbone figure at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. If we imagine the mathematicians of the 18th century as a series of mountains, then the last awe-inspiring peak is Gauss; if we imagine the mathematicians of the 19th century as a series of rivers, then their source is Gauss.

Although mathematical research and scientific work still did not become enviable professions at the end of the 18th century, Gauss was still born at the right time, because when he was about to enter his thirties, the development of European capitalism , making governments around the world begin to pay attention to scientific research. As Napoleon attached great importance to French scientists and scientific research, the Russian Tsar and many European monarchs also began to look at scientists and scientific research with admiration. The socialization process of scientific research continued to accelerate, and the status of science continued to improve. As the greatest scientist at that time, Gauss received many honors. Many world-famous scientific leaders regarded Gauss as their teacher.

In 1802, Gauss was elected as a corresponding academician by the Russian Academy of Sciences in Petersburg and a professor at Kazan University; in 1877, the Danish government appointed him as a scientific advisor. In this year, the Hannover government in Germany also hired him as a government scientist. consultant.

Gauss’s life is the life of a typical scholar. He always maintained the simplicity of a farmer, making it difficult for people to imagine that he was a great professor and the greatest mathematician in the world. He was married twice and had several children that annoyed him. However, these had little impact on his scientific creation. After gaining a high reputation and German mathematics beginning to dominate the world, a generation of geniuses completed their life journey.

Descartes

The emergence of analytic geometry

After the 16th century, due to the development of production and science and technology, astronomy, mechanics, navigation, etc. all had an interest in geometry. Learning has raised new needs. For example, the German astronomer Kepler discovered that the planets orbit the sun in an elliptical orbit, and the sun is at one focus of the ellipse; the Italian scientist Galileo discovered that thrown objects experiment with parabolic motion. These discoveries all involve conic sections. To study these more complex curves, the original set of methods is obviously no longer suitable, which led to the emergence of analytic geometry.

In 1637, the French philosopher and mathematician Descartes published his book "Methodology". There are three appendices at the back of this book, one is called "Refractometry" and the other is called "Meteor" "Learning", one article is called "Geometry". The "geometry" at that time actually referred to mathematics, just like "arithmetic" and "mathematics" in ancient my country meant the same thing.

Descartes' "Geometry" is divided into three volumes. The first volume discusses the construction of rulers and compasses; the second volume is about the properties of curves; the third volume is about the construction of solids and "hypersolids" Graph, but it is actually an algebra problem, exploring the properties of the roots of equations. Later generations of mathematicians and historians of mathematics took Descartes' Geometry as the starting point for analytic geometry.

It can be seen from Descartes's "Geometry" that Descartes' central idea is to establish a "universal" mathematics that unifies arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. He envisioned turning any mathematical problem into an algebraic problem and reducing any algebraic problem to solving an equation.

In order to realize the above idea, Descartes started from the longitude and latitude system of astronomy and geography and pointed out the corresponding relationship between points on the plane and the real number pair (x, y).

Different values ??of x and y can determine many different points on the plane, so that the properties of the curve can be studied algebraically. This is the basic idea of ??analytic geometry.

Specifically, the basic idea of ??plane analytic geometry has two key points: first, establish a coordinate system on the plane, and the coordinates of a point correspond to a set of ordered real number pairs; second, establish a coordinate system on the plane After the coordinate system is established on the plane, a curve on the plane can be represented by an algebraic equation with two variables. It can be seen from here that the use of coordinate method can not only solve geometric problems through algebraic methods, but also closely connect important concepts such as variables, functions, numbers and shapes.

The emergence of analytic geometry is not accidental. Before Descartes wrote "Geometry", many scholars had studied the use of two intersecting straight lines as a coordinate system; some people, when studying astronomy and geography, proposed that a point's position can be determined by two "coordinates" (longitude and latitude) to determine. These have a great impact on the creation of analytic geometry.

In the history of mathematics, it is generally believed that the French amateur mathematician Fermat, a contemporary of Descartes, was also one of the founders of analytic geometry and should share the honor of the creation of this discipline.

Fermat is a scholar who is engaged in mathematical research in his spare time. He has made important contributions to number theory, analytic geometry, and probability theory. He has a modest temperament, is addicted to silence, and has no intention of publishing the "book" he writes. But it is known from his correspondence that he had written a short article on analytic geometry long before Descartes published "Geometry" and already had the idea of ??analytic geometry. It was only after Fermat's death in 1679 that his thoughts and writings were publicly published in letters to friends.

Descartes's "Geometry", as a book of analytic geometry, is incomplete, but the important thing is that it introduced new ideas and contributed to opening up a new field of mathematics.

Basic content of analytic geometry

In analytic geometry, the first step is to establish a coordinate system. As shown in the figure above, two mutually perpendicular straight lines with a certain direction and measurement unit are determined, which is called a rectangular coordinate system oxy on the plane. The coordinate system can be used to establish a one-to-one correspondence between points in the plane and a pair of real numbers (x, y). In addition to the rectangular coordinate system, there are also oblique coordinate systems, polar coordinate systems, spatial rectangular coordinate systems, etc. There are also spherical coordinates and cylindrical coordinates in the spatial coordinate system.

The coordinate system establishes a close connection between geometric objects and numbers, geometric relationships and functions, so that the study of spatial forms can be reduced to the study of quantitative relationships that are relatively mature and easy to control. This method of studying geometry is usually called the analytical method. This analytical method is not only important for analytic geometry, but also for the study of various branches of geometry.

The creation of analytic geometry introduced a series of new mathematical concepts, especially the introduction of variables into mathematics, which brought mathematics into a new period of development, which was the period of variable mathematics. Analytic geometry played a driving role in the development of mathematics. Engels once commented on this: "The turning point in mathematics is Descartes' variables. With the book of variables, movement has entered mathematics; with variables, dialectics has entered mathematics; with variables, differentiation and integration immediately become necessary. Yes,..."

Applications of analytic geometry

Analytical geometry is divided into plane analytic geometry and space analytic geometry.

In plane analytic geometry, in addition to studying the properties of straight lines, we mainly study the properties of conics (circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas).

In spatial analytic geometry, in addition to studying the properties related to planes and straight lines, we mainly study cylinders, cones, and surfaces of revolution.

Some properties of ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas are widely used in production or life. For example, the reflective surface of the spotlight bulb of a movie projector is an elliptical surface, with the filament at one focus and the film door at another focus; searchlights, spotlights, solar cookers, radar antennas, satellite antennas, radio telescopes, etc. all use the principle of parabolas made.

In general, analytic geometry can solve two types of basic problems using coordinate methods: one is the trajectory of points that meet given conditions, and its equations are established through the coordinate system; the other is based on equations Discuss and study the properties of the curve represented by the equation.

The steps to use the coordinate method to solve problems are: first, establish a coordinate system on the plane and "translate" the geometric conditions of the trajectory of the known point into an algebraic equation; then use algebraic tools to study the equation; finally Describe the properties of algebraic equations in geometric language to obtain answers to original geometric problems.

The idea of ??coordinate method prompts people to use various algebraic methods to solve geometric problems. What were previously seen as difficult problems in geometry become mundane once algebraic methods are applied. The coordinate method also provides a powerful tool for the mechanized proof of modern mathematics.

Liu Hui

(born around 250 AD) is a very great mathematician in the history of Chinese mathematics and also occupies an outstanding position in the history of world mathematics. His masterpieces "Nine Chapters on Arithmetic Notes" and "Island Arithmetic Scripture" are our country's most precious mathematical heritage.

"Nine Chapters on Arithmetic" was written at the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It contains solutions to 246 problems. In many aspects: such as solving simultaneous equations, four arithmetic operations with fractions, operations with positive and negative numbers, calculation of the volume and area of ??geometric figures, etc., they are among the most advanced in the world. However, because the solution method is relatively primitive and lacks the necessary proof, Liu Hui is This has been supplemented by additional proof. These proofs show his creative contributions in many aspects. He was the first person in the world to propose the concept of decimal decimals, and used decimal decimals to represent the cube roots of irrational numbers. In terms of algebra, he correctly proposed the concept of positive and negative numbers and the rules of addition and subtraction; he improved the solution of linear equations. In terms of geometry, he proposed the "circle cutting technique", which is a method of finding the area and circumference of a circle by exhausting the circumference with inscribed or circumscribed regular polygons. He scientifically obtained the result of pi = 3.14 by using the method of cutting circles. Liu Hui put forward in the art of cutting a circle that "if you cut too thin, you will lose very little; if you cut again and again until it cannot be cut, you will merge with the circle and nothing will be lost." This can be regarded as a masterpiece of ancient Chinese limit concepts. ．

In the book "Island Calculation", Liu Hui carefully selected and compiled nine measurement problems. The creativity, complexity and representativeness of these problems attracted the attention of the West at that time.

Liu Hui has quick thinking and flexible methods, advocating both reasoning and intuition. He was the first person in my country who clearly advocated using logical reasoning to demonstrate mathematical propositions.

Liu Hui’s life was a life of diligent exploration of mathematics. Although he has a low status, he has a noble personality. He is not a mediocre person who seeks fame and reputation, but a great man who never tires of learning. He has left a precious wealth to our Chinese nation.

Leibniz

Leibniz was Germany's most important mathematician, physicist and philosopher at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, a rare scientific genius in the world. He read a lot of books, dabbled in encyclopedias, and made an indelible contribution to enriching the treasure house of scientific knowledge of mankind.

Life story

Leibniz was born in a scholarly family in Leipzig, eastern Germany. He had extensive exposure to ancient Greek and Roman culture and read the works of many famous scholars, which earned him the Established solid cultural foundation and clear academic goals. At the age of 15, he entered the University of Leipzig to study law. He also read extensively the works of Bacon, Kepler, Galileo, and others, and conducted in-depth thinking and evaluation of their writings. Leibniz became interested in mathematics after listening to a professor's lecture on Euclid's Elements. At the age of 17 he studied mathematics for a short time at the University of Jena, where he received a master's degree in philosophy.

At the age of 20, he published his first mathematical paper, "On the Art of Combination." This is an article about mathematical logic. Its basic idea is to attribute the truth demonstration of the theory to the result of a calculation. Although this paper is immature, it shines with innovative wisdom and mathematical talent.

Leibniz joined the diplomatic community after receiving his doctorate from the University of Altdorf.

During his visit to Paris, Leibniz was deeply inspired by Pascal's deeds and determined to study higher mathematics. He also studied the works of Descartes, Fermat, Pascal and others. His interest has obviously moved towards mathematics and natural science. He began to study infinitesimal algorithms, independently created the basic concepts and algorithms of calculus, and established calculus together with Newton. In 1700, he was elected as an academician of the Paris Academy of Sciences, which led to the establishment of the Berlin Academy of Sciences and served as its first president.

The creation of calculus

In the second half of the 17th century, European science and technology developed rapidly. Due to the improvement of productivity and the urgent needs of all aspects of society, through the efforts of scientists from various countries and the historical development Accumulation, the calculus theory based on the concepts of functions and limits came into being. The idea of ??calculus can be traced back to the method of calculating area and volume proposed by Archimedes and others in Greece. Newton founded calculus in 1665, and Leibniz also published a treatise on calculus ideas from 1673 to 1676. In the past, differential calculus and integral calculus were studied separately as two types of mathematical operations and two types of mathematical problems. Cavalieri, Barrow, Wallis and others obtained a series of important results on finding area (integral) and tangent slope (derivative), but these results were isolated and incoherent.

Only Leibniz and Newton truly communicated integral and differential, and clearly found the direct internal connection between the two: differential and integral are two mutually inverse operations. And this is the crux of the establishment of calculus. Only when this basic relationship is established can systematic calculus be constructed on this basis. And from the differential and quadrature formulas of various functions, a unique algorithm program was summarized, making the calculus method universal and developing it into a calculus operation rule represented by symbols.

However, there has been a fierce debate in mathematics regarding the priority of the creation of calculus. In fact, although Newton's research in calculus preceded Leibniz's, Leibniz's results were published earlier than Newton's. Leibniz's paper in the "Journal of Teachers" published in October 1684, "A Wonderful Type of Calculation for the Maximum and Minimum", is considered the earliest published calculus document in the history of mathematics. Newton also wrote in the first and second editions of "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" published in 1687: "Ten years ago, I and the most outstanding geometer G

△French Science Fantasy The novelist Jules Verne carefully read more than 500 books and materials in order to write "Expedition to the Moon". He created 104 science fiction novels in his lifetime and wrote 25,000 reading notes.

△Darwin, the British naturalist and founder of the theory of evolution, traveled around the world with the research ship "Beagle". He traveled overseas, studied biological remains, recorded 500,000 words of precious information, and finally wrote Published the world-shaking book "The Origin of Species" and founded the theory of evolution.

△The great Russian writer Chekhov paid great attention to accumulating life materials and wrote down things he heard, saw or thought about at any time. A notebook called "Life Manual". Once, Chekhov heard a friend tell a joke, and he burst into tears while laughing, taking out the "Life Manual" and pleading: " Say it again and let me write it down. ”

△In the room of American writer Jack London, there are strings of small pieces of paper hanging everywhere, whether on the curtains, hangers, cupboards, bedside, or mirrors. Look, it turns out that the pieces of paper are filled with wonderful words, vivid metaphors, and useful information. He hangs the pieces of paper in various parts of the room so that he can read them anytime and anywhere while sleeping, dressing, shaving, or walking around. He could memorize it. He also carried a lot of pieces of paper in his pocket when he went out. He studied hard and accumulated information, and finally wrote fascinating works such as "Love of Life", "Iron Shoes" and "Waves". p>

(1) Edison made more than 1,000 inventions in his life. Where did the time for these countless experiments come from? It was squeezed out of the extreme tension of working for two or three days in a row. . Later, he kept squeezing out time, so he never ran out of time for experiments and became a scientist.

(2) Lu Xun adhered to the motto "time is life" and engaged in proletarian literature and art for 30 years. He regarded time

as life and kept writing.

(3) Balzac used crazy hard work to write for sixteen or seventeen hours every day, even if his arms ached from exhaustion

and his eyes shed tears. Not willing to waste a moment of time.

(4) In order to make scientific inventions, Edison firmly grasped every "today" and worked for more than ten hours every day. In addition to eating, sleeping, and activities, Edison almost Never been idle. Extending your working hours every day is equivalent to extending your life. Therefore, on his 79th birthday, the local said he was 135 years old. Edison lived for 85 years. He had 1,328 invention patents registered with the U.S. Patent Office alone, with an average of one invention every 15 days.

(5) Qi Baishi, the master of traditional Chinese painting in my country, insists on painting every day, and never stops except when he feels unwell. When he was 85 years old, after he painted four paintings in a row one day, he painted another one specially for yesterday, and wrote the inscription: "Yesterday there was a heavy storm, and my mind was restless, so I did not paint. , This is the current system to make up for, don’t teach a day to pass by in idleness.”

(6), “If you don’t teach a day in idleness,” this is the goal for all those who achieve success. Please take a look at the life course of Lu Xun in the last year of his life (1936), from January to October (died on October 26), he was bedridden for 8 months, and he also wrote essays and other articles

Chapter 54, translated three chapters of the remaining manuscript of the second volume of "Dead Souls" and wrote two postscripts, replied to more than 270 letters, and read the manuscript to many young authors

While ill Keep a journal. Three days before his death, he wrote a preface to a translated novel. Six years before his death

Lu Xun had been living near Hongkou Park in Shanghai. The park was only a few minutes away from his residence, but he had never been to the park. . This is Lu Xun who "spent all the time others spent drinking coffee on work."

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