In September this year, the new policy said that farmers go to town to do business and enjoy social security and children's school welfare. I just want to know if farmers go to town to do business ref

In September this year, the new policy said that farmers go to town to do business and enjoy social security and children's school welfare. I just want to know if farmers go to town to do business refers to this city? Hundreds of millions of farmers move between urban and rural areas in China every day, and migrant workers have always existed as a special group in the corners of large and medium-sized cities. Behind these migrant workers are tens of millions of underage children. These children are a special group wandering between urban and rural areas, and their education problems are also the pain of these migrant farmers. The education of children of migrant workers is one of the difficulties in compulsory education in urban and rural areas. What problems exist in the education of migrant workers' children and how to solve them are also issues that the party and the government pay close attention to and strive to solve. Moreover, with the development of marketization, industrialization and urbanization, more and more farmers in China will shift from agriculture to non-agriculture and from rural areas to cities and towns, and the number of migrant workers and their children will also increase. The children of migrant workers are a huge and growing group, and the protection of their rights and interests can not be ignored. We conducted a questionnaire survey on some migrant workers' children and their parents in middle schools such as Mawangdui in Changsha. The age range of students is 13- 16. During the investigation, we found that there are still some problems in the right to education of migrant workers' children. According to 100 questionnaires sent to migrant workers' children, it is found that 70.4 1% children go to the city after their parents settle down, and 56. 12% children live with their parents and have stable housing. It can be seen that the living environment of children of migrant workers has improved in recent years. However, in the questionnaire survey of parents, 58.33% of migrant workers work outside the home, and 37.5% often rent a house. 4. 17% of parents said that their children had dropped out of school or dropped out of school. When the children of migrant workers choose a school, 16.67% of parents said that "the school was accepted after various efforts", and 4. 17% of migrant workers said that their children had been "rejected by the school" when choosing a school, which was very serious. And in some schools, there is even a phenomenon of "merit-based admission", which is also an obstacle for the children of migrant workers to enter school. Migrant workers are an important part of the floating population. They are mainly engaged in manual labor with low economic income and low social status. They mainly come from remote rural areas with relatively backward economy and isolated culture, and are a socially disadvantaged group. Migrant workers working in cities have the characteristics of unstable employment and unstable residence. In our survey, the proportion of unstable housing with parents also accounted for 40.82%. All these have exposed all kinds of very difficult problems in the study of children of urban migrant workers. The growth rate of migrant population in cities exceeds the capacity of public schools in many cities, and private schools are still a major channel to solve the problem of migrant workers' children going to school. However, due to the rapid increase of migrant workers' children pouring into schools and the lack of educational resources, it is difficult for many public schools to accept all migrant workers' children who come to register. The educational conditions in private schools are worrying. In addition, on the issue of admission, the cost is the first. In the questionnaire survey for parents, 24 parents said that their greatest wish is that their children can "enjoy the same treatment as children in the city". 25% parents think that tuition and miscellaneous fees are high, and 4. 17% parents suggest that some schools charge borrowing fees or sponsorship fees, and the fees are high. According to the current standards, the children of migrant workers have to pay no matter what school they go to. If you borrow money from a public school, you must pay the loan fee. As for private schools, the charging standards are different, opaque and difficult to count. On the issue of cost, the education of migrant workers' children faces three problems: the cost of attending private schools is too high for ordinary families to afford; Studying in public schools, but because of the hukou problem, children can't enjoy the same right to education as their peers; Thirdly, some schools specially run for the children of migrant workers are often difficult to operate because of the definition of schools by the industrial and commercial departments and their own running funds, and the quality of such schools is also difficult to guarantee. On the question of whether they are willing to send their children to government-run special schools for migrant workers' children or schools to run special classes, 37.5% parents are willing, 4 1.67% parents don't care, and 20.83% parents clearly express their unwillingness. However, 33.67% of the children said they would like to attend such a school or class, 52.04% said they didn't care, and 14.29% said they didn't want to. Although a series of policies issued by the state have given full consideration to the education of migrant workers' children, and although the competent departments of many cities have promised to solve the education problems of migrant workers' children, in fact, the results have been minimal. What is the reason why the deep-seated system contradiction makes it difficult to educate the children of migrant workers? Our views are as follows: First, in many places, when calculating the total economic development or enumerating political achievements, it is basically based on the local resident population. If we strengthen the education of migrant workers' children, it will not only increase the expenditure of financial input, but also lower the education level that has been artificially overestimated, affecting the performance and image of the department. Therefore, the local government has to take the method of exclusion and closure to avoid the above problems. Secondly, out of concern about the increase in the number of migrant workers in cities. In recent years, people have gradually become accustomed to the employment of single migrant workers in cities. Because they only provide cheap labor and come and go freely, because there is no burden on children and families. But once the education of migrant workers' children is regarded as the daily work that the city government must solve, the direct result is the whole entry of migrant workers' families. Then the city government should not only solve the education problem, but also solve their housing problems, social security problems and employment problems, and even the supply pressure of urban public facilities. Thirdly, the education of migrant workers' children is also related to the compulsory education system of urban-rural separation in China. Although the compulsory education system of urban-rural division is unfair to farmers, it needs to be solved gradually in the process of urbanization and after the reform of rural taxes and fees. However, in reality, after the children of migrant workers leave the countryside, the education expenses paid have not been transferred according to the employment flow of migrant workers, and the urban financial system where migrant workers are employed has not included the education expenses of migrant workers' children in the compulsory education expenditure, which is equivalent to a vacuum in China's current compulsory education system. In fact, the victims are the next generation of these migrant farmers. Zhang Xinsheng, Vice Minister of Education, once said that the education of migrant workers' children belongs to nine-year compulsory education and enjoys a series of supporting policies, which fully conforms to the spirit of the document "Opinions on Further Improving the Compulsory Education of Migrant Workers' Children" forwarded by the General Office of the State Council. Then, how to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned system contradictions is not only a problem of the education department, but also a problem of the whole society. The crux of the problem lies in what angle our governments at all levels stand to understand the education of migrant workers' children, whether they can be treated fairly with the city people psychologically, and gradually solve these practical contradictions from the institutional link. How to properly solve these problems, we have the following suggestions: First, the balanced allocation of educational resources. We should correctly understand that migrant workers are also the creators of urban wealth. Under the condition that they can't enjoy the public welfare of urban people, they provide a lot of profits for urban enterprises at a very low cost, create urban taxes, and at the same time bear various unfair expenses in many aspects. Therefore, the city government has the responsibility and obligation to solve the education problem of migrant workers' children, which is the normal service of the government as one of the taxpayers for migrant workers. The government should make great efforts to solve the institutional problems that lead to the inequality of the right to education in the field of education, cancel the educational boundary imposed by the dual household registration system, cancel other unreasonable charging systems such as educational sponsorship fees, protect the children of migrant workers' right to education, and provide them with a fair educational environment. Paying attention to the internal benefits of public investment in compulsory education requires the establishment of strict teacher human resource allocation system and reasonable school setting system. Secondly, we should correctly understand the basic national conditions of China. We exchanged the rapid development of the city in recent years at the expense of some farmers not enjoying the normal urbanization process. When we see that a large number of children of migrant workers are out of school, but in some cities, we blindly put forward the slogan that education has been modernized and invested a lot of money to improve the hardware facilities of urban education, so that the cultural quality gap between the descendants of urban people and the descendants of farmers is widening day by day. This not only does not conform to China's actual national conditions, but also widens the gap between urban and rural areas and causes long-term social contradictions. Therefore, we should allow the existence of private schools specializing in the basic education of children of migrant workers in cities, and should not close these schools on the pretext of lowering the level of urban education, so that a large number of children of migrant workers drop out of school. For the children of migrant workers, it is necessary to relax admission, reduce or even cancel some admission procedures, smooth the flow of personnel, especially to strengthen the green channel for the children of migrant workers to enter school and provide convenient conditions for their enrollment and employment. Eliminate institutional obstacles, improve regional and urban-rural relations, further relax the access conditions for children of migrant workers to study in Hangzhou, and do a good job in education, social security and other supporting measures to reduce worries for migrant workers. Thirdly, eliminate prejudice, improve the welfare level of school teachers for children of migrant workers, strengthen the management and construction of compulsory education teachers, and improve the level of compulsory education. Don't worry that the influx of migrant workers into cities will bring urban instability. Because according to the investigation and tracking of migrant workers in recent years, migrant workers' mobile employment behavior is completely rational, not blind. Because migrant workers also need stable employment, especially migrant families with children. Without stable income and employment conditions, it is difficult for migrant workers to choose to be displaced with their wives and children. They still have a piece of land in their hometown as their permanent social security and income conditions to meet food and clothing. As farmers in China, they also have a very homesick tradition. From the perspective of the future reform of the household registration system, farmers should also enjoy the normal rights of this country's civilization and urban civilization, which is a right endowed by the Constitution. Of course, this is the fundamental contradiction of the urban-rural division system gradually solved with the advancement of urbanization, and there must be a historical process. Finally, we should speed up the reform of China's current compulsory education system and implement a compulsory education system that is fair in urban and rural areas and fair in regions. Compulsory education is compulsory first, and governments at all levels have the responsibility and obligation to popularize and implement this goal. Promoting compulsory education is a basic, overall and leading work related to the progress of the country and the nation. Governments at all levels should really study the balanced development of education, promote the balanced development of compulsory education, and guarantee the rights of vulnerable groups to receive compulsory education. The central government should be responsible for the supervision and implementation of the Compulsory Education Law promulgated by the state, that is, the central government should solve the expenditure on basic compulsory education in urban and rural areas without implementing two kinds of national treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the expenditure of the central government on compulsory education funds of local governments at all levels in order to solve the basic education problem of migrant workers' children. In the transitional period, the government should subsidize the running conditions of private schools for the children of urban migrant workers, provide basic venues, and strictly supervise and prohibit arbitrary charges to prevent increasing the burden on migrant workers. The government of the inflow area should strengthen the subsidy policy for the children of migrant workers to go to school. This kind of subsidy, on the one hand, is reflected in the subsidies for students, on the other hand, it is reflected in the subsidies for schools that accept the children of migrant workers. For the children of migrant workers, subsidies can be given in the form of government financial support and subsidies, which embodies the spirit of "giving priority to the inflow government" and avoids pushing them to private schools. In our investigation, it is found that 45.83% of schools have not set up grants or subsidies for the children of migrant workers, which is an important part that the education department should do well. Sun, deputy director of the Policy and Legal Construction Department of the Ministry of Education, believes that the education of migrant workers' children is not just a private education issue. The education of migrant workers' children should be the primary responsibility of the inflow government. The government should put these children in public schools and receive education on an equal footing with local students. In terms of policy application, the local government should take measures to actively support the schools for children of migrant workers, so that the conditions for running schools can meet the prescribed standards, rather than canceling them if they fail to meet the standards. In fact, the children of migrant workers are facing more realistic problems. They moved from the countryside to a prosperous city. The children of migrant workers are under great pressure because of their economy, status and parents' difficult situation. They are in a weak position in terms of economic conditions. They can finally sit in the same classroom with the children in the city and receive a high-quality education, but they have to bear all kinds of incomprehension of the children in the city. The difficulties in life did not make them shrink back, but the wounds in their hearts were difficult to heal. "Family loss, psychological imbalance, out-of-control behavior, learning loss, safety loss and guardianship loss" have become common phenomena among them. There are many factors that cause the psychological problems of migrant workers' children, the most important of which are three aspects: First, the "soft discrimination" of the environment. Children of migrant workers often receive special respect when they study in cities. The second is the negative impact of migrant workers' families. There are quite a few family conditions in migrant workers' families that are not conducive to the healthy growth of students' psychology. The third is the inertia effect of frequent flow. Some parents have unstable jobs, which leads to frequent transfer of their children. Because of the complex living environment, it is difficult for them to maintain psychological balance and prone to psychological problems. In the process of our statistics on the collected questionnaires, we found that there are many problems in the learning process of migrant workers' children, including poor learning foundation, difficulty in accepting the knowledge taught by teachers, eccentric personality of some teachers, rejection by classmates, and no one to help them with their homework (see figure 1). At the same time, the survey shows that 10 of the respondents said that the children of migrant workers were treated unfairly by teachers or classmates in the city at school. "My Mandarin is not standard. As soon as I speak, the children in the city laugh at me. The dialect is incomprehensible and it is difficult to communicate with them. So I seldom talk at school. "This is a child of migrant workers said helplessly.

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