Title Cylinder Wall-

Looking at Lushan Mountain from the front and side of peaks and valleys, from far, near, high and low places, Lushan Mountain presents various faces.

I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.

When Su Shi was demoted from Huangzhou to Ruzhou as the deputy envoy of the Youth League Training, he passed through Jiujiang and visited Lushan Mountain. The magnificent landscape triggered a vigorous and magnificent idea, so I wrote several poems about Lushan Mountain. The title Xilinbi is a summary after visiting Lushan Mountain. It describes the various characteristics of Lushan Mountain, and points out that observation should be objective and comprehensive, and if it is subjective and one-sided, it will not draw a correct conclusion.

The first two sentences, "Looking at the mountain from the side is the peak, and the distance is different", are actually what you saw and heard when you visited the mountain. Lushan Mountain is a hilly and gully mountain with undulating peaks and valleys. Tourists are located in different places and see different scenery. These two sentences summarize and vividly write the various forms of Lushan Mountain.

The last two sentences, "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain", are the experience of reasoning on the spot and talking about traveling to the mountain. Why can't you identify the true face of Lushan Mountain? Because I am in the middle of Lushan Mountain, my vision is limited by the peaks of Lushan Mountain, and I only see one peak, one ridge, one hill and one valley of Lushan Mountain, which is one-sided and inevitably one-sided. This is what you see when you visit the mountains, and it is often the same when you observe things in the world. These two poems are rich in connotation, which enlightens us to understand a philosophy of dealing with people-because people are in different positions and have different starting points, their understanding of objective things is inevitably one-sided; To understand the truth and the whole picture, we must go beyond the narrow scope and get rid of subjective prejudice.

This is a philosophical poem by the richest man, but the poet does not discuss it abstractly, but talks about his unique feelings by tightly holding the mountain tour. With the help of the image of Lushan Mountain, he expressed philosophy in simple terms in popular language, so he was kind and natural and thought-provoking.

Among many works praising Lushan Mountain, Su Shi's Poem on the Wall of sairinji is as famous as Li Bai's Looking at Lushan Waterfall. However, the artistic conception of the two poems is quite different: Li Bai sets off the majestic momentum of Lushan Mountain by describing the scenery of a censer peak waterfall and inspires people's love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland; Su Shi did not describe the specific scenery, but summarized the overall impression of visiting Lushan Mountain, from which a philosophy of life was exposed to inspire readers' thinking and understanding. The strength of this quatrain lies not in its image or feelings, but in its rich meaning and interest. Facing the majestic Lushan Mountain, the poet sighed: From the front, Lushan Mountain is a Hengshan Mountain; Seen from the side, Lushan Mountain is a towering mountain peak. Let's look at it from different distances and heights. The Lushan Mountain in front of you is a variety of images. Why can't we accurately and completely grasp the true face of Lushan Mountain? Just because people are in this mountain, their horizons are limited.

"I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain." Did the poet only say that he was looking at the mountain, only referring to a mountain on Lushan Mountain? All the mountains and hills have descended. Which one is the same as the hillside? Things in the universe are different, so the observation results are different! For anything, if it is hidden in its circle, it will not see the overall situation and the truth; Only by studying all aspects of it objectively can we get a correct understanding. This is an adage: the authorities are lost, and the bystanders are clear.

This poem is ingenious, unpretentious and full of wisdom. After reading it, we seem to be smarter.

This is a landscape poem with pictures and scenery, and it is also a philosophical poem, which contains philosophy in the description of Lushan scenery. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi visited Lushan Mountain for more than ten days and was attracted by its magnificent and beautiful scenery. So he wrote more than ten poems praising Lushan Mountain, and this is one of them. The first two sentences describe the different morphological changes of Lushan Mountain. Lushan Mountain runs through the mountains and rivers, and the mountains are lush and endless; On the edge, the peaks rise and fall, and the strange peaks rise one after another, rising into the clouds. Looking at Lushan Mountain from different directions in the distance and nearby, the mountain scenery and momentum you see are different. The last two sentences write the author's deep thought: the reason why we look at Lushan from different directions will have different impressions. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain. In other words, only by staying away from Lushan Mountain and jumping out of its shadow can we fully grasp the true face of Lushan Mountain. These two sentences are full of meaningful philosophy and have become widely read aphorisms.

Lushan Mountain is located in the north of Jiangxi Province, standing on the south bank of the Yangtze River and the shore of Poyang Lake. Since ancient times, it has been known as "the best in the world". There are not only hills and mountains, but also more than 90 peaks, and it is foggy and rainy all the year round. Her ever-changing, magnificent and charming mountain scenery has always been eulogized by literati and poets in past dynasties. Qian Qi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote:

The wind and rain are close at hand and it is impossible to climb.

Just in the clouds, there are monks from the Six Dynasties.

The stormy clouds of Lushan Mountain surprised and horrified the poet. Lushan Mountain is so mysterious that it seems to lie in the role of clouds. However, Su Shi, a great poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, turned out a new artistic conception with his unique feelings, which is known as the "title Xilin wall". This poem was written by Su Shi in April of the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084) when he visited the Sailin Temple in Lushan with friends. In fact, ten days ago, when he first entered Lushan Mountain, he wrote a five-character poem: "There are no green hills, no blind dates. If you want to know about Lushan Mountain, he is an old friend. " He said humorously that the first time he saw Lushan Mountain, he seemed to meet a proud stranger. If you want to get acquainted with him, you'll have to come and go often in the future. So he "walked north and south for more than ten days" and finally wrote this famous article about singing Lushan Mountain.

Here, the poet intends to directly understand the ontology of Lushan Mountain through the misty yarn. You see, when he looks horizontally, he gets the impression that there are mountains and plains; Seen from the side, it is a strange peak. Whether you look at it from a distance, from a close distance, from a high place or from a low place, you will see a completely different scene. However, Su Shi, like other poets, did not stop at wonder and confusion, but thought further: after all, people saw the local scenery, not the true face of Lushan Mountain. The reason is that tourists can't see the whole picture outside Lushan Mountain and stay in the mountains blindly. "Only the trees can't see the forest", so it is naturally difficult to see its true image.

The last two sentences are wonderful, and the whole artistic conception is fully revealed, which provides readers with a space to relive their experiences and gallop their imagination. Don't just travel all over the mountains and rivers to have this kind of rational understanding? In short, when we are discussing a problem, aren't we in trouble because we have reached a dead end? When we are engaged in a certain job, don't we sometimes get entangled in some trivial things? Generally speaking, when people understand the objective world, are they often limited to a certain part or one aspect of prejudice, failing to focus on the overall situation and grasp the essence of objective things? ..... Isn't all this because the parties are "on this mountain" and therefore "unreal"? This living condition is similar to how tourists can't see the mountains!

Different people have different opinions. A little poem arouses people's aftertaste and deep thought! Therefore, "Tixilinbi" is not only a poet's eulogy of the wonders of Lushan Mountain, but also a philosopher's insight into the true face of Lushan Mountain. Because this understanding is profound and conforms to the objective laws, there is a profound philosophy that inspires people's hearts in addition to the absurd image of Gu Feng. Therefore, this little poem is particularly subtle and profound, which makes people never tire of reading it.

The meaning of this poem is very profound, but the language used is extremely simple. Simplicity is the linguistic feature of Su Shi's poems. Su Shi has no habit of carving when writing poems. What the poet pursues is to express a fresh and unprecedented artistic conception in simple and fluent language; And this artistic conception, from time to time flashing the light of philosophy. Judging from this poem, the language expression is concise, but the connotation is rich. In other words, poetic language itself is a high degree of unity of image and logic. In four poems, the poet roughly describes the image characteristics of Lushan Mountain, and accurately points out the reasons why it is irrelevant to see the mountain. Bright sensibility and clear rationality are intertwined and mutually causal, so the image of poetry is sublimated into a model in the field of rationality, which is why people regard the last two sentences as philosophical epigrams for thousands of times.

If the poetic tradition before the Song Dynasty was characterized by expressing ambition and expressing emotion, then in the Song Dynasty, especially Su Shi, a new poetic style characterized by reasoning appeared. This poetic style is a new poetic style created by Song people after Tang poetry. In Su Shi's words, it means "creating new ideas in statutes and leaving wonderful ideas outside the bold". The characteristics of this kind of poems are: shallow language and deep meaning, reasonable things and light taste. The title Xilin wall is such a good poem.