What are the works of Dostoevsky?

Representative works "Crime and Punishment", "The Brothers Karamazov", "The Idiot" short story "The Story of Nine Letters" "Mr. Prohalchin" "Polzukov" "Fragile" "Heart" "The Honest Thief" "Christmas Party and Wedding" "Other People's Wife and Husband Under the Bed" "White Night" "Little Hero" "The Little Boy Next to Christ at the Christmas Party" "Bad Joke" "Farmer Marx "E" "A Centenary Old Lady" "A Gentle Woman" "The Dream of an Absurd Man" The novel "The Insulted and Injured Man"

Fyodor Mikhailovich· Dostoyevsky, Russian writer.

Dostoyevsky was born into a small aristocratic family and spent his childhood in Moscow and the countryside. In 1846, he published his first novel "The Poor Man", which was highly praised. In 1848, he published the novella "White Night". In 1849, he was exiled to Siberia for participating in anti-serfdom activities. During this period, he published the novels "Insulted and Injured", "Crime and Punishment", "The Idiot", "Demons", and "The Brothers Karamazov" and other works.

Dostoyevsky's novels are highly dramatic and the plot develops quickly. The ensuing catastrophic events are often accompanied by complex and intense psychological struggles and painful spiritual crises, thereby exposing the bourgeoisie. The complexity, contradictions and profound tragedy of relationships.

Character experience

On November 11, 1821, Dostoevsky was born in a Russian doctor’s family, and it was also a family that was not wealthy. Among seven children Ranked second among them. Dostoevsky suffered from epilepsy, which first occurred at the age of 9, and continued to have epileptic seizures throughout his life.

In 1834, Dostoevsky entered the Chermak Boarding School in Moscow. After graduation, he entered the Petersburg Military Engineering School and worked in the Drawing Bureau of the Engineering Department of the school. A year later, he voluntarily resigned and devoted himself to literary creation.

In 1837, Dostoevsky’s mother died of tuberculosis, and he and his younger brother were sent to the Petersburg Military Engineering School. In 1839, Dostoevsky's father, a doctor in Moscow, died of unknown cause. Some people say that it was because he lost his temper with the serfs when he was drunk. The serfs were so angry that they subdued him and poured vodka into him until he drowned. Others believe that it was a natural death, and that the neighboring landowner made up this story in order to easily obtain the land.

While at the Petersburg Military Engineering School, Dostoevsky studied mathematics, which he disdained. At the same time, he also dabbled in the literary works of Shakespeare, Pascal, Victor Hugo and others. With a wide range of literary interests, he received excellent examination results and was commissioned in 1841. In the same year, he completed two romantic plays, "Mary Stuart" and "Boris Godunov", which were deeply influenced by the German romantic poet Schiller, but they were both separated.

In 1842, Dostoevsky was commissioned as a lieutenant and graduated from the Military Engineering School a year later. In 1843, he translated Balzac's novel "Eugénie Grandet" into Russian, but no one paid attention to him. So after retiring from the army in 1844, Dostoevsky began his writing career.

Dostoevsky met Nekrasov in the 1840s. In 1845, with Nekrasov’s encouragement, Dostoevsky wrote his first work, Letters The short story "The Poor Man". "The Poor" was serialized in the journal "Petersburg Anthology" in January 1846 and received wide acclaim. The single volume of "The Poor Man" was officially published a year later, and Dostoevsky became a celebrity in the literary world at the age of 24. But soon after, Dostoevsky broke with Nekrasov and Belinsky due to literary differences.

In 1847, Dostoevsky was interested in utopian socialism and participated in the revolutionary activities of the Rashevsky Group in Petersburg. In the same year, Gogol published "Selected Letters to Friends", and Belinsky wrote "A Letter to Gogol" to refute his views. Dostoevsky liked Belinsky's article very much and found the manuscript to read it aloud to the group. On April 23, 1849, he was arrested for his involvement in revolutionary activities against the Tsar and executed on November 16. The sentence was changed to exile in Siberia just moments before execution. In Siberia, his thinking changed dramatically and his epileptic attacks became more frequent.

In 1854, Dostoevsky was released, but required to serve in Siberia. In 1858 he was promoted to second lieutenant, and from then on he could have his own time to think and write. The ten years between the fake execution incident and his sentence in Siberia were an important turning point in his life. He began to reflect on himself and believe in religion.

In 1860, Dostoevsky returned to St. Petersburg and published his first novel "The Insulted and Injured" the following year. This work can be regarded as a transitional work between his earlier and later periods. It contains both the early description of the suffering people in society and the later discussion of religion and philosophy. During this period, he made some progress in literature, but his life suffered a series of blows. His wife and brother died in 1864, and he had to take care of his brother's family, which brought him to the brink of bankruptcy. He hoped to pay off his debts through gambling, but instead incurred more debts and fell into depression.

In order to avoid his creditors, he was forced to go to Europe to avoid debts. The publisher agreed to give him an advance but required him to write a novel within six months. Dostoevsky was writing "Crime and Punishment" at the time and had no time to write another one, but he had to agree to it for the sake of livelihood. In 1866, his masterpiece "Crime and Punishment" was published, which won the author world-wide reputation. In the same year, under the introduction of a friend, he met Anna, a top student in the shorthand school. The two worked efficiently and completed "The Gambler" within a month, which was published in 1867.

In 1868, Dostoevsky completed "The Idiot". In this novel, Napoleon and the Patriotic War of 1812 are important background themes.

In 1872, "The Demons" was completed. In 1873, he founded the journal "Writer's Diary", which was very popular. In 1880 he published "The Brothers Karamazov", which was his most important later work.

"The Brothers Karamazov" (or translated as "The Brothers Karamazov") published in 1880 is a summary of the author's philosophical thinking.

In 1881, Dostoevsky was preparing to write the second part of "The Brothers Karamazov". On February 9, his pen holder fell to the ground and rolled under the cabinet. He used too much force while moving the cabinet, which resulted in a ruptured blood vessel. He died that day. Before his death, his wife read the Bible to him. Buried in St. Petersburg.

Character evaluation

There are two people who have a profound impact on the literature and culture of our era. One is Kierkegaard, the originator of existentialism, and the other is the Russian novelist Dostoevsky. (Commentary by Austrian novelist Zweig)

Dostoyevsky is a great interrogator of the human soul. He puts the men and women in the novel into unbearable situations to test them. , not only strips off the surface whiteness and tortures out the sin hidden underneath, but also tortures out the true whiteness hidden under the sin. Moreover, they refused to execute them readily and tried their best to let them live for a long time. (Review by Lu Xun)

Readers can read some of Dostoevsky's works as pure novels or even best-selling novels. (Comments by Liu Wenfei, researcher at the Institute of Foreign Languages ??and Literatures of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and president of the Chinese Russian Literature Research Association)