Why did the powerful state of Jin encounter "three points in Jin"? The root cause has to start with "Hou Wen King of Qin"

Lao Qin wrote "Who are the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period?" There are different opinions. Scholars in Qing Dynasty have a unique formulation, which should be different from what you think. It has been mentioned that since Xun Kuang, a thinker of Zhao State at the end of the Warring States Period, put forward the theory of "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period", there have been various arrangements for this "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period".

According to Xunzi, the "five tyrants" are Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, Wu Helu and Gou Jian, the King of Yue.

Wang Bo, a poet in the Western Han Dynasty, put forward the arrangement of Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong, Chu Zhuangwang and Betty Wong, that is, Qin Mugong replaced Wu Wang and Harmony.

In Bangu, the exclusion method became: Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong, Song Xianggong, Prince of Wu, Fu Cha.

Of course, the most influential is the arrangement of Sima Yi in the Historical Records of the Tang Dynasty, which describes the "five tyrants" as Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong, Chu Zhuangwang and Song Xianggong.

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Either way, the status of Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong is unshakable.

The remaining three seats are divided.

In the eyes of all the people in the dynasty, Qin Mugong only controlled Xirong, while He Lv, the king of Wu, only controlled Jianghuai, and Gou Jian, the king of Yue, only controlled the southeast corner.

Although Fu Cha, the king of Wu, competed with Jin for hegemony, he was captured by national subjugation in a blink of an eye, and his hegemony became empty.

As for Song Xianggong, he is just a man who pursues fame and fortune. Its reputation is good, but it is not pragmatic and overreaching. Finally, I fell behind and died, laughing for future generations.

Quan put forward his own position of "Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period" in the Foreign Journal of Hayashi Junichiro, namely, Jin Wengong, Jin Xianggong, Jin Jinggong and Jin Mougong.

That is to say, except Qi Huangong, the other four tyrants are kings of the State of Jin.

Although this kind of exclusion is only a total opinion, it also reflects the strength of Jin State from one side.

To Lao Qin, Jiu Chen, a Kuang Tian, he was the overlord for a time, but after all, he didn't get the appointment and seal of King Zhou.

In contrast, Zhou was awarded the title of "Hou Bo".

Jin Wengong's son, Duke Xiang of Jin, defeated Qin Jun in the Battle of Kan. He was appointed as a virtuous man and bowed to his knees.

Duke Jing of Jin ended Chu's hegemony in the wars of Corner, Cai Chu and Shen, surrendered Qi in the war of Jin and Qi, and continued to dominate the Central Plains.

Duke Xiang of Jin paid tribute to the emperor, ruled the princes, and was called the "overlord" with Emperor Rong.

Throughout the Spring and Autumn Period, his vassal states, such as Zheng Zhuanggong, Qin Mugong, Chu Zhuangwang, King He Lv of Wu, King Gou Jian of Yue, all passed away like meteors.

Jin has four powerful overlords, that is, it is the first powerful country in the Spring and Autumn Period.

But then again, why did such a powerful country fall to the tragic end of "three points of the world"?

Everything has to start with the "King Hou Wenqin" in the late Western Zhou Dynasty.

There are two bizarre legends about the establishment of the state of Jin in the history books.

One of the legends said that King Wu met a concubine, and he had a dream that the Emperor of Heaven said to him, "I am destined to be a girl, and I am in danger of becoming famous." Later, the princess gave birth to a son with the word "jade" tattooed on her palm. So he named his son Yu.

"Zuo's Spring and Autumn Biography" said that this concubine was called the daughter of.

Legend 2: King Wu collapsed and became king. There was chaos in the Tang Dynasty, and the Duke of Zhou destroyed the Tang Dynasty. The young King Cheng and the young Uncle Yu are playing games in the palace. Wang Cheng picked up a fallen tung leaf, cut it into a jade shape and handed it to Yu Shu. He solemnly said, "This jade shape is for you to be a vassal." Hearing this, the historian next to him immediately asked Wang Cheng to choose a good day for Yu Shu to become a vassal. Wang Cheng argued, "I'm just joking with him." Historians seriously said: "The son of heaven is joking. When the emperor speaks, historians should record it, make it a gift, and sing it. " Cheng was scared silly. He didn't expect that a joke casually said would bring such serious consequences, so he had to do it according to the instructions of historians. He chose a good day to solemnly make Yu Shu a vassal, and the fief was the Tang land just laid by the Duke of Zhou.

Wang Cheng didn't know that he only responded to what God said when he gave King Wu a dream: "I am destined to be a girl, and I am in danger."

I have to say that Sima Qian is too good at making up stories.

Sima Qian means that all causes and effects in the world have their own days.

Well, anyway, Yu Shu got the land of the Tang Dynasty as the national title.

Shuyu is Ji's surname, and "Yu" is his first name. He also has a word "Yu Zi", because he became a vassal of the Tang Dynasty, and historians like to call him "Tang Shuyu".

After his death, his son Xie's father lived in Jinjiang and changed his name to Jin.

Thus, the state of Jin appeared in the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Because the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty is too long, in the long history of more than 200 years, what kind of ups and downs Jin experienced has been unknown.

Let's press the fast forward button and jump the time to the Zhou Xuanwang era.

At this time, the state of Jin was in power of the marquis of Jin.

In the fourth year after Jin Muhou ascended the throne, he married his daughter Jiang.

Three years later, he led the army to conquer the country, and he probably failed. He heard that Qi Jiang gave birth to a son, so he named his son "Qiu" to express the meaning of "this enemy is not a gentleman".

After another three years, the belligerent Jin Muhou led the army to conquer thousands of acres of tribes and won a great victory. On the day of the triumph, Qi Jiang gave birth to another son. The Marquis of Jin Mu was very happy and named the son "Teacher" to express the meaning of "Teacher's successful return".

Lao Qin reminds me that Qi Jiang gave birth to two sons to Jin Muhou, which is by no means idle.

Because, this Chou He became a teacher, and then a great event happened.

As you can see, all the teachers in Chou He are born to Jin Muhou's wife, and they belong to his own son.

However, because Qiu was his brother and was awarded the prince, he had to stand aside as a teacher.

The naming of these two sons by Duke Mu of Jin was criticized by the people.

The doctor in the state of Jin wore a uniform and said, "What a surprise! The monarch named his children and called the prince "the enemy". Doesn't "enemy" mean "enemy"? He also named his youngest son "Shicheng", which is a big name and realized his meaning. Names can be named by themselves, but the development law of events is fixed. The names given to these two children now are strange, and it is difficult to guarantee that there will be no big trouble in Jin State in the future. "

I have to say, this crow mouth is too effective.

After the death of Jin Muhou, there was a big trouble in the state of Jin-Yi Shu, the younger brother of Jin Muhou, usurped the throne and stood on his own feet, forcing Prince Taiwei to flee and live abroad for more than four years.

Fortunately, four years later, relying on domestic and foreign forces, Prince Taiwei was successfully restored, killed an uncle, and inherited his father's throne for Wengong.

This Jin Wengong went on to do something obvious in the history books.

Lao Qin was previously called the last son of heaven in the Western Zhou Dynasty in the fable of Lu, Spring and Autumn. He learned the lesson that Li Wang was driven away by tyranny, thrived, rebuilt the system of "literature, martial arts, success and health", benefited the people, pacified the quartet and subdued the princes. As a result, the image of ZTE appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

However, when Zhou Xuanwang died, his son Zhou Youwang succeeded to the throne-this Zhou Youwang was a second-generation ancestor and a black sheep. He suddenly put out the fire of ZTE, even the powerful Western Zhou Dynasty.

There is a fictional fable in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals-beating drums for princes. Later, Sima Qian wrote Historical Records, which completely revised this fable and wrote "The Warlords in Zhou Youwang".

Because of Sima Qian's mending, Zhou Youwang became synonymous with low IQ.

However, according to the research of historians, there is no such thing as "Zhou Youwang drummed for the vassal", and there is no such thing as "Zhou Youwang fought a bonfire for the vassal".

From historical records? According to the records in Zhou Benji, Zhou Youwang's greatest sin is that he should not violate the patriarchal clan system established in the Western Zhou Dynasty, but abandon the prince Yi Jiu and make a praise for his son.

Under the feudal system, the most important issue is the inheritance of power.

The solution to this problem in Zhou Dynasty was patriarchal clan system. The most important one in the patriarchal clan system is the "heir system", that is, only the eldest son is the only person who has the right to inherit the king or title.

As mentioned above, Marquis Jinwen can inherit the throne of Marquis Jin Mu simply because he is the eldest son of Marquis Jin Mu.

Bao Si's son has the word "Bo" in his name. He may be Zhou Youwang's eldest son.

But Cong Si is only Zhou Youwang's concubine, not his wife, and her son can only be an illegitimate child. On the premise that the wife has a son, the illegitimate child has no right to inherit the throne.

Zhou Youwang's wife is the daughter of Shen Guo and Shen Hou.

Thus, nineteen was made a prince.

It happened that it was so good that it abolished the queen Shen and the prince Yi Jiu, made Zan the queen and made Yi the prince.

Zhou Youwang's move was opposed by Shen Hou's father, Shen Hou.

Shen Hou contacted Yan Hou and Quan Rong to attack, killed Zhou Youwang, killed Fu Bo, robbed Bao, and set up a suitable mortar for Zhou Pingwang.

However, September 19th has been deposed by Zhou Youwang, and legally speaking, he has lost the qualification to inherit the throne.

Moreover, September 19th was not established by Zhou Shi's subjects in the Zhou Dynasty, but was promoted to the throne by Shen Guo and Shen Guojun, which is not the right way.

Worst of all, Shen Hou, who helped build a proper mortar, was a sinner in Zhoushi, attacked Haojing, killed, looted and burned Haojing, and belonged to Zhoushi's enemy.

Therefore, Zhou Pingwang's throne obviously belongs to trespass.

In other words, Zhou Pingwang is a pseudo-master whose position is incorrect.

In order to help Zhou Shi, Guo Gonghan, the closest relative of Zhou Shi, made his younger brother king of Zhou in his hometown (now Weinan, Shaanxi).

Zhou Xie Wang and Zhou Pingwang "two kings coexist" 2 1 year.

During these twenty-one years, governors from all over the country have stood in line. Among them, Jin Wengong stood in a daze on Zhou Pingwang's side and personally killed King Xie Zhou.

This paved the way for the next civil strife in the State of Jin-Wen Gong ascended the throne on the basis of Zhou Li, but supported the traitor Zhou Pingwang who colluded with his brother to kill his father and brother, which had to move his brother.

On the other hand, Jin Wengong killed Zhou Wang and got a gift from Zhou Pingwang. Tong Gongyi, Tong, Yi, Bai, and four horses. "

Zhou Pingwang also wrote an article "The Life of Hou Wen" to thank Hou Wen for allowing him to expand in the watershed.

This event was called "Hou Wen King of Qin" in history.

After the death of Emperor Wen of Jin, his son Jin Zhaohou succeeded to the throne.

I don't know what Jin Zhaohou thinks. He actually asked his uncle to be a teacher in Quwo.

The result is called "Uncle Quwo Huan".

Quwo City is bigger than Yicheng, which encourages Uncle Quwo Huan's ambition.

Uncle Qu Wohuan colluded with Jin Zhaohou's etiquette and cooperated from the inside, killing Zhao Hou and occupying Yicheng.

However, Zhou Li's thought of "making a son first, making a son long" is deeply rooted in people's hearts.

Just like the last time Uncle Yi usurped the throne and fell, Uncle Qu Wohuan could not get the support of the soldiers and civilians of Jin State.

However, his life is very good. He was not killed like Uncle Yi, but was driven out of Yicheng.

The soldiers and civilians of the State of Jin established Jin Xiaohou, the son of Jin Zhaohou, and killed Pan Fu.

Although Uncle Quwo Huan failed in this attempt, it has fully proved that Quwo has the ability to replace Yicheng.

An uncle Qu Wohuan was only three years younger than Hou Wen of the Jin Dynasty, and he was defeated by Yicheng. He was too old and didn't have much energy to toss about, so he handed this important task to his son Zhuang Bo Eel, and lived his life with regret.

After the Quwo Zhuangbo eel succeeded to the throne, he broke into Yicheng in the fifteenth year of Jin Xiaohou and killed Jin Xiaohou.

However, the situation is the same as last time. Zhuangbo was counterattacked by the soldiers and civilians of the state of Jin, unable to gain a foothold in Yicheng, so he had to quit Quwo.

Jin Ehou, the son of Jin Xiaohou, was founded by the soldiers and civilians of Jin State.

Jin Ehou was a short-lived ghost who died after only six years in power.

Zhuangbo used the power vacuum of Yicheng to send troops to seize the position.

Zhou Li pays attention to "national mourning is not cut", that is, a country's monarch is dead, even the enemy should not wage war during its funeral.

Zhuang Bo's practice has gone too far.

Moreover, Zhou Pingwang was very grateful to Emperor Wen of Jin for his kindness in those years, and ordered Guo Gong to crusade against Zhuangbo.

In this way, Zhuang Bo was politically, morally and militarily passive and had to leave in a hurry to protect Qu Wo.

So the soldiers and civilians of the state of Jin set up a new son, Hou.

Like Uncle Qu Wohuan, Zhuang Bo lived his whole life with regret.

Zhuang Bo's son succeeded to the throne, which was called "Quwo Martial Arts" in history.

Quwo's martial arts are better than his father and grandfather. He sent troops into Yicheng and successfully captured the Marquis of Ai Jin.

So the soldiers and civilians of the State of Jin made Koneko, who was deeply loved by Jin, the monarch for the sake of filial piety.

After only four years in office, Hou Yaozong was captured and killed by Quwo Wu Palace.

Guo Gong was ordered by Zhou to crusade against Quwo, and made the younger brother of the Jin Hou the Jin Hou.

But the Yicheng here is already very weak, and it can no longer compete with Quwo.

Besides, unlike his father and grandfather, Quwo's martial arts master is not one-track-minded. He is flexible and changeable. After attacking and destroying the marquis of Jin with lightning speed, he dedicated his precious jewels to Zhou.

King Zhou Li is greedy for money. Secondly, he felt that he could not change the fate of Quwo's oppression of Yicheng, so he accepted it frankly, and named Quwo's martial arts as the Jin army and the Jin Wugong as a vassal.

At this point, Emperor Wu of Jin merged with this land, which was called "Quwo Dai Yi" in history.

However, the status of Jin Wudi as a Jin army destroyed the etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty and was seized by force. It was a civil strife in which a small clan replaced a big clan, which was ethically untenable.

Duke Wu of Jin, who had committed a crime, was afraid that other great sects in Jin would follow in his footsteps, so he sharpened his knife and slaughtered his blood relatives.

After the death of Emperor Wu of Jin, his son Jin Xiangong succeeded to the throne.

Jin Xiangong was brilliant, expanded everywhere, and successively divided the vassal states of Huo, Wei, Geng, Guo and Yu, and the state of Jin was unprecedentedly powerful.

On the issue of treating China's blood relatives, he is even more cruel to the means than his father, Duke Wu of Jin, and will not stop until he kills them all.

He adopted the suggestion of Zhou Shi, the minister: he ordered all public officials to move to the same city and punished it, and named the city crimson, so the capital of Jin moved from Yicheng to crimson.

Jin Xiangong dotes on Li Ji. In order to make his son succeed to the throne smoothly and sit back and relax, he killed the prince and expelled his other two sons, Yi Wuhe.

Have to say, Jin Xiangong's vigilance and alert to the office has reached the point where even his own son can't be trusted.

After Jin Xiangong's death, Li Ji's son Xi succeeded to the throne.

Xi was killed by Rick, a loyal follower of Shen Sheng.

Xun Wei, another minister of the State of Jin, held a memorial service for his younger brother.

Rick killed undertaker and Xun, and invited those who fled to Zhaiguo to return to China to succeed him.

Zhong Er didn't know what medicine was sold in Rick's gourd, so he didn't dare to trap himself and refused gracefully.

Rick then invited Yi Wu, who was hiding in Liang.

I don't want to miss this good opportunity, so I asked Qin Mugong of Qin for help and returned to China to succeed Jin Gonghui as the king of Jin.

After Jin acceded to the throne, he inherited the practice of his grandfather and father killing the public, and sent eunuchs to lead a group of killers to sneak into Zhaiguo to kill his younger brother Zhong Er.

I had to flee to Qi instead.

Kim Gong Hui turned and killed Rick, who killed a doctor. In addition, he also killed Pi Zheng, Dr. Chyi Yu and other ministers of the State of Jin, and helped his own State of Qin-he invaded when there was a famine in the State of Qin.

Kim was no match, defeated and captured.

However, his wife is Kim's younger sister and can't stand her crying and letting Kim go.

Jin, who regained his freedom, could not help but say that he made the prince take Qin as a hostage.

However, after this accident, Kim became seriously ill and died soon.

The prince secretly sneaked back to China without telling Qin Mugong, and succeeded the throne for Duke Huai of Jin.

Qin Mugong hated Jin Huaigong and left without saying goodbye. He found Zhong Er, made him King of Jin, sent troops into the State of Jin, and killed Duke Huai of Jin.

When Zhong Er came to power, it was for Jin Wengong.

As mentioned above, Jin Wengong and Qi Huangong were recognized as the hegemons in troubled times in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Jin Wengong was even officially named "Hou Bo" by King Xiang of Zhou.

This is because he listened to Zhao's advice, "it is better to dominate Zhou than to advance." When Wang Xiang was expelled from Dai, he fought bravely, killed Dai and welcomed him back. Later, when King Qing of Zhou died and the royal family or officials of the Zhou Dynasty were fighting for power, they were sent 800 vehicles to quell the Zhou rebellion.

As powerful as Jin Wengong, vigilance against the domestic public is like disaster prevention.

He decreed that all the sons of the state of Jin, except the personal biography of the monarch, must be sent abroad.

As a result, there has been a situation of "Jin has no public race".

The public has gone, but the ruling work still needs people to do.

Without the three heads and six arms, we trained different surname Qing and doctors who were lower than the clan, and established the system of "six ministers of the three armed forces", so that Han, Zhao, Wei, Zhi, Fan and Bank of China could manage state affairs instead of the clan.

Jin Wengong didn't think, he did this, is to prevent domestic thieves can't prevent thieves.

Doctor Qing was in charge of the military and political power of the State of Jin, and his power was constantly increasing, gradually raising the head of the State of Jin and becoming the actual ruler of the State of Jin.

Liu Qing refused to accept each other, tearing at each other, and finally "the three tribes were divided into Jin", which ended the history of the State of Jin.