Walk into "Weekly Encyclopedia", a "small world" that will benefit you for the rest of your life.

? "Zhou Baike"? Is it a personal name or a book? Out of curiosity again, I started a journey to explore what "Weekly Encyclopedia" is.

? If you have any questions, find "Du Niang"! So, I learned a lot of amazing things about "Zhou Encyclopedia" in "Du Niang"!

? It turns out that "Zhou Baike" is a person's name, and it is also a great figure. Maybe there are many friends who already know, so you can laugh at my hindsight as much as you like; For the little friends who don't know this person yet, let me take you on the exploration journey of "Zhou Encyclopedia"!

"Weekly Encyclopedia"

? To understand the origin of "Zhou Encyclopedia", let's start with Shen Congwen.

? Shen Congwen, as everyone who has read books knows, is a famous writer. Someone must have gossiped about his wife. I just want to talk about his wife, Zhang Zhaohe. Zhang Zhaohe is one of the "four sisters of the Zhang family", ranking third, along with her elder sister Zhang Yuanhe, her second sister Zhang Yunhe and her younger sister Zhang Chonghe. This "four sisters of the Zhang family" is a famous "talented woman", which was very famous at home and abroad at that time. Actually, I mainly want to talk about my second sister Zhang Yunhe. What's so special about her? She is the wife of Zhou Baike. Then, in this way, Shen Congwen and this "Zhou Baike" have become a bridge. Since we are not outsiders, we will always talk and laugh together. The nickname "Zhou Baike" is actually thanks to Shen Congwen.

? So why did Shen Congwen give him this nickname? Because "Zhou Encyclopedia" studied a lot when he was a child, and one of the books that benefited him for life was called Encyclopedia Britannica. He has a bookshelf full of Encyclopedia Britannica in three rows, from top to bottom in Chinese, English and Japanese.

? Zhou Baike once introduced the origin of his nickname in an article:

"Father of Chinese Pinyin"

? What about being called "the father of Chinese Pinyin"?

? In 1954, because he had published some papers and books on pinyin and character reform before, he was invited by the China Character Reform Committee to be a member of the Chinese Pinyin Program Committee. In 1955, he put forward two standards for popularizing Putonghua: Putonghua is used as the campus language in Han schools nationwide, and Putonghua is used as the communication medium in public activities nationwide. He also put forward three principles of Chinese Pinyin Scheme: Latinization, Phoneme and Spoken Language. In 1958, the scheme of Chinese Pinyin was adopted by the National People's Congress. From 1979 to 1982, he attended the meeting of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which led to the international vote to adopt the Chinese Pinyin Scheme as the international standard for spelling Chinese (ISO798). After that, he continued to study pinyin orthography with words as the unit, and formed the Basic Rules of Chinese Pinyin Orthography, which was published in 1988. He has been editor-in-chief of "Chinese Pinyin Vocabulary" since 195s, which has become the basis of computer Chinese lexicon.

"I am 111 years old this year"

? January 13th is the birthday of the "father of Chinese Pinyin" in China. In 216, he was 111 years old. This old man is very interesting. He has been counting his age from scratch since he was 8. Then I thought about it and found that people have lived a lifetime longer than me now, and they are three years older than me.

? So, what is his way of longevity?

? I read in some articles about the secret of his longevity:

Open your mind

? When he was young, he was in poor health, had tuberculosis and suffered from depression. His wife, Zhang Yunhe, is also in poor health. When he and Zhang Yunhe got married, the old mother at home secretly found a fortune teller to tell their fortune, saying that the couple could only live to be thirty-five. He thinks this statement is quite reasonable. It doesn't matter if he can't live a long life. He doesn't shy away from life and death, always takes life lightly, and doesn't worry about longevity or not. But he is now 111 years old, and his wife Zhang Yunhe is 93 years old. Why are two people in poor health, but they live a long life? This is because they are not angry. He and Zhang Yunhe have been married for more than 7 years without quarreling. It is also an exaggeration for two couples not to quarrel at all. They want to quarrel, but they don't yell abuse, and they don't quarrel for hours. Generally, they quarrel in three or two sentences. This noise does not hurt the harmony, so their married life is very harmonious. He doesn't get angry at anything. This is his way of life. He looks down on fame and fortune, and thinks it's a thing apart. He used to suffer from insomnia, so he couldn't fall asleep easily. Later, during the "Cultural Revolution" period, he was sent to the countryside, but insomnia was cured, and he will not suffer from insomnia until now.

Life should be simple and regular

? He has "three noes": no will, no birthday, and no New Year's Day. He found it troublesome and unnecessary. Daily life is getting simpler and simpler, and life needs are getting less and less. Sleeping, eating, reading and writing articles are his simple life now. I still want to drink a cup of black tea in the morning and afternoon. It's easy to get dressed. People will give him beautiful clothes, but he has no chance to wear them. Because he hardly goes out, he occasionally wears it when he goes out, and he feels uncomfortable wearing beautiful clothes. In life, he also has three rules: no eating, no smoking and no drinking. If you really want to drink, just have some beer. When a guest comes, he wants to offer a toast to cigarettes. He buys very good cigarettes and invites them to smoke, but he doesn't smoke himself. He never cared about keeping in good health, and he never knew why he could live so long. Once he went to the hospital for an examination and filled out a form. He wrote that he was 97 years old. When the doctor saw his appearance, he thought that he had filled in the figures upside down, so he changed 97 to 79. He said that he was really 97 years old. The doctor was surprised and asked him the secret of longevity. He said, you are a doctor. How can you ask me?

Eat more vegetarian food, less meat and no supplements

? After that, he began to think about how to live longer. He thought about it and summed it up: I have a regular life and don't eat indiscriminately. He said it was inspired by a doctor in Shanghai before. The doctor told him that most people don't starve to death, but eat to death, and eating indiscriminately is not healthy. First of all, don't eat supplements indiscriminately. There are many supplements given by others at home, but he doesn't eat them, and most of them are given to relatives and friends. Secondly, don't "eat blindly" At the banquet, many people always try their best to eat so many delicacies. In this way, one is that eating too much is not easy to digest, and the other is that there is overnutrition, so there will be problems of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. So when someone treats you, he can put it off if he can, and what he can't put it off is just eating a little vegetarian food. His daily diet is very light. Many meat dishes are not eaten, and they don't eat fried meat. They mainly eat eggs, vegetables, milk and tofu. But you can't eat more milk and eggs, one egg a day. But, occasionally, we have to end a meatless diet. Last year, he was in poor health. He was hospitalized for a period of time, and he gradually improved in September and October. At this time, he wants to eat roast duck. Then eat. During that time, he ate roast duck three times, hairy crabs several times, and sea cucumbers with scallion oil. For the elderly, they should eat more when they have a good appetite.

be curious

I'm 111 years old and still full of energy. Although he stopped doing professional research because he was too old, he became interested in new things such as linguistics and philology. He likes reading, including Reference News and English magazines. If you have a new idea, you will write an article, not for the name, but for fun. He thinks reading and writing can excite a person's brain and slow down aging. Many old scholars are used to writing articles by hand, but he uses a Sharp typewriter. He has used this typewriter for more than 2 years. When the typewriter was developed, he was asked for his advice from a linguistic point of view. He was given a typewriter as soon as it was produced. Typewriters were still new at that time, and many people were reluctant to use them. But he likes to try, and he feels that writing efficiency has improved a lot after using a typewriter. Now that computers are popular, he also advocates others to write with computers.

"Chatted with Einstein"

? In 1947, he worked in an American bank and made a visit to Princeton University. One day, his friend, He Lian, a famous economist who was also doing research in the school, told him that Einstein was in Princeton and he was very free now. You can go and talk to him.

? Einstein gave up his German citizenship at the age of 17 because he hated militarism. After Hitler seized the German regime (1933), he accepted the employment of the School of Mathematics of the Institute of Advanced Studies in Princeton, USA, and became a lifelong scholar in order to avoid the persecution of fascism. Einstein claimed: I can't tear myself away from my research work. I have been firmly grasped by physics.

? He was 68 years old when he met Einstein, and he became an amiable "noble old man" because he actively called for banning the use of atomic bombs and seeking world harmony. He recalled in "Centenary Oral": "My impression is that he is a very good person and his life is very casual. In the banking industry, we are very particular about clothes. When he is in college, the atmosphere of the university is different from that of the bank. The university professor wears casual clothes, and the clothes he wears are not as particular as mine. He has no temper and shelf, which gives me a very good impression. "

? After returning home, he never mentioned meeting Einstein. As a matter of fact, he was one of the few people in China who had talked face to face with Einstein. They met twice and chatted twice. But interestingly, this kind of thing worth showing off has been forgotten for more than 5 years, and it was not until the younger generation sorted out the congratulatory book for his centenary birthday that it was "excavated".

? "Young players asked me why I didn't talk about Einstein for so many years. I forgot. " He said, "We had a general conversation. Just talk about the international situation at that time and what happened in the United States at that time. Why did I forget this matter? Because the conversation has no characteristics. This is a pity. His research direction is different from mine. "

He is the legendary "Zhou Youguang"

? Born in Qingguo Lane, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province on January 13th, 196, his original name was Zhou Yaoping. At first, "Zhou Youguang" was his pen name, and "Youguang" later became his nickname. In 1923, Zhou Youguang was admitted to Shanghai St. John's University, majoring in economics and linguistics. When studying in university, Zhou Youguang took an active part in the Latinized New Characters Movement. On April 3th, 1933, she married Zhang Yunhe. After marriage, the couple went to Japan to study together. He began to work in finance in 1935 and switched to linguistics in 1954. After retirement, I continue to study, study and write books. Now, Zhou Youguang is still optimistic, still reading and thinking. According to the media, after he learned about the terrorist attack in Paris on TV news, he asked the nanny to call the familiar editor to come home to exchange views. In the evening, when he is in good spirits, he also watches some TV dramas, such as legend of miyue and yangko dance.

? Zhou Youguang once said humorously to Li Zehou, a famous philosopher who came to visit him, "My world is extremely small, a shabby house ..."

? He has undoubtedly become another role model for me. His life is so rich that others are not as valuable as his life for several lifetimes. His life was divided into several stages: before the age of 5, he was a banker; 5 to 85 years old, he is a linguist, and his energy is devoted to the field of language and literature; After 85, he is a thinker. He is Zhou Youguang, a simple but remarkable legend!