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Please explain the predicate verb, thank you. ..

A Contrastive Interpretation of the Usage of Non-predicate Verbs in Senior High School English

Key points of knowledge:

First, infinitives and gerunds are the subjects:

1, gerund as subject often indicates ordinary and general behavior, infinitive as subject often indicates specific behavior. For example:

It is his job to collect information about children's health. It is his job to collect information about children's health.

It is necessary to discuss this problem with an experienced teacher.

2 The sentence with infinitive as the subject is:

It is difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do sth

It's very kind of someone (kind, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, smart, stupid, brave). Do it.

3, commonly used gerund as the subject of sentence patterns are:

It's no good (useless, boring) doing it.

It is a waste of time for a person to do so.

It is worthwhile to do it.

Second, infinitive, gerund, participle as predicative:

1, infinitive as predicative often indicates the action after the action indicated by the predicate verb.

The teaching purpose of this course is to train students' oral English. The teaching purpose of this course is to train students' oral English.

2. Gerund as predicative is an explanation of the subject content. At this time, the position of subject and predicative can be interchanged, and gerund is commonly used in spoken English.

Its full-time job is laying eggs. Its full-time job is laying eggs.

3. The present participle as a predicative indicates the nature and characteristics of the subject; The progressive tense indicates an ongoing action.

The task of this lesson is to practice idioms.

With the help of the teacher, the students are practicing idioms. (present continuous tense)

4. The present participles commonly used as predicative are: interested, amused, dismissive, missing, inexplicable, excited, encouraging, following, etc. The present participle indicates progress and initiative.

This joke is very interesting. This joke is very funny.

This question is confusing. This question is puzzling.

5. The past participle as a predicative indicates the passive state of the subject or the state of completing the action. The passive voice indicates the action undertaken by the subject.

The village is surrounded by high mountains.

The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army. (passive voice)

He received a good education. (past participle as predicative)

He has been educated in this university for three years. (passive voice)

Past participles commonly used as predicative in sentences are:

Used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, completed, lost, decided, prepared, preserved, closed, won, completed, worn, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected and so on.

6. Note that the present participle of the following verbs is different from the past participle:

Interested, surprised, afraid, excited, worried, pleasing, confused, satisfied, etc.

Their present participles often modify (sometimes modify people) to indicate initiative, and past participles often modify people to indicate passivity (including a person's expression, voice, etc.). ). For example:

Climbing the mountain is very tiring. Climbing the mountain is very tiring.

They are very tired. They are very tired.

After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech excitedly.

Third, infinitive and gerund as objects:

1, with the following verbs and infinitives as objects:

Want, hope, hope, expectation, request, expectation, care, decision, happiness, desire, offer, rejection, failure, planning, preparation, command, reason, burden, begging, management, consent, commitment, etc.

2. Use gerund as the object after the following verbs or verb phrases:

Enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worthy, feel, can't stand, can't help, think of, dream, like, prevent … (from), keep … from, stop … (from), protect … from, start, engage in, spend ….

3. The infinitives behind verbs, such as forgetting, remembering, stopping, regretting, trying and expressing, have different meanings from gerunds. The infinitive indicates the action after the predicate verb, and the gerund indicates the action before the predicate verb, so the general doing is often used instead of the perfect having done.

He forgot to tell me to post the letter. )

I will never forget the precious stamp I found on an ordinary envelope. I will never forget finding that Zhang Zhengui stamp on an ordinary envelope.

Remember to write to us when you get there.

T remember seeing him. I don't remember seeing him.

I regret to tell you that I can't go to your birthday party. I regret to tell you that I can't go to your birthday party.

They regretted agreeing to the plan.

He tried to share happiness with his friends. He tried his best to pretend to share happiness with his friends.

She tried to read a novel, but it didn't make her forget the sorrow. She tried to read novels, but it didn't make her forget her sadness.

I didn't mean to hurt you. I didn't mean to hurt you.

A friend is defined as helping others without asking for anything in return. A true friend means helping others without expecting anything in return.

4. When gerund is used as the object of need, want, require and beworth, passive is replaced by active.

This washing machine needs repairing. This washing machine needs repairing.

This point needs to be mentioned. This point should be mentioned.

This English novel is worth reading. This English novel is worth reading.

The situation in Russia needs to be studied. Russian forms need to be learned.

Four. Infinitives and participles as object complements in sentences;

1. The following verbs are followed by infinitives as object complements:

Ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, suggest, command, cause, encourage, wait, visit, allow, forbid.

The doctor advised him to stay in bed for a few more days. The doctor told him to stay in bed for a few more days.

We hope that he will stay and accept the position. We hope that he will stay and accept the position. Pay attention to hope and don't use infinitives as object complements. )

2. Some compound objects after verbs use infinitives without "to". These verbs include: look, look, pay attention, listen, feel, make, make, own and so on. For example:

We noticed him entering the house. We noticed him entering the house.

The boss made them work 20 hours a day. The boss made them work 12 hours a day.

Note that when make and have say "make, have" instead of "force, let", they make an infinitive adverbial with to.

Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday. Mother made him a cake to celebrate his birthday.

He will attend a meeting. He has a meeting.

3. The compound objects after the following verbs are supplemented by participles: see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find, etc. Whether to use the present participle or the past participle as the object complement depends on the relationship between the participle and the object. Example:

We heard him singing this song when we came in. We heard him singing that song when we came in.

We have heard this song twice. We have heard this song and sang it twice.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Non-predicate verb as attribute:

1, the infinitive as an attribute is placed after the modified noun, indicating the action after the predicate verb or a specific action in the past. For example:

He has no house to live in, but he has a lot of work to do. He has no house to live in, but he has a lot of work to do.

Our monitor was the first to arrive. Our monitor was the first to arrive.

2. The difference between gerund and present participle as attributive:

Gerund is used as an attribute to explain the purpose of the modified noun; The present participle is used as an attribute to indicate the action of the modified noun.

Crutch (gerund attributive, meaning walking stick)

Sleeping car (gerund as attribute, meaning sleeping car)

The rising sun is the rising sun.

The changing world (the present participle is used as an attribute, which means the changing world)

3. The difference between the present participle and the past participle as attributes: the past participle as attributes indicates the completed or passive action, and the present participle as attributes indicates the active or ongoing action. For example:

A disappointing news is disappointing news.

In the next few years.

A well-dressed woman (meaning a well-dressed woman)

A car stopped at the door. A car stopped at the door.

6. infinitives and participles as adverbials:

1, infinitive as adverbial, only indicating purpose, result or reason:

He hurried home only to find that the money had been stolen. He hurried home and found that the money had been stolen. (adverbial of result)

He raised his voice so that others could hear him clearly. (adverbial of purpose)

We were all surprised to see his rapid progress. We were all surprised to see his progress. (adverbial of reason)

2. Partitions as adverbials can indicate time, conditions, reasons, accompaniment, concessions and ways:

Seen from the top of the mountain, this town is beautiful. Seen from the mountain, the city is beautiful. (conditional adverbial)

Entering the room, he found his father very anxious. When he entered the room, he found his father angry. (adverbial of time)

Tired, they went on working. Although they were tired, they went on working. (concession adverbial)

After being hit on the nose by the big boy, the little boy began to cry. The little boy cried because he was hit on the nose by the big boy. (adverbial of reason)

He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it, smiled and looked happy. He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it, smiled and looked happy. (adjective)