What are the stories of China idioms?

At the end of Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wang was extravagant and cruel, and people's life was very hard. Jiang Ziya, the minister, couldn't stand Zhou Wang's extravagance, so he hid in the Weihe River and lived in seclusion.

Weihe area is under the jurisdiction of warlord Ji Chang, and Ji Chang is ambitious and cherishes talents. In order to attract Ji Chang's attention, Jiang Ziya sits by the river and fishes every day. His hook is straight, without bait, three feet above the water. While fishing, he said, "Fish, take the bait quickly!" " "Someone kindly told him that you can't catch fish like this. Jiang Ziya just smiled and said, "The fish will take the bait themselves. "People laughed at him, but he ignored it.

The result reached the ears of Ji Chang. Ji Chang thought he might be a talented person, so he sent soldiers to invite him. When Jiang Ziya saw that he was a soldier, he not only ignored it, but also continued to fish, saying, "Fishing, fishing, fishing, if the fish don't bite, the shrimp will make trouble!" The soldier must report back. So Ji Chang sent another minister to invite him. Jiang Ziya is a minister, or ignored. He read: "Fishing, fishing, fishing, big fish don't bite, small fish make trouble!" " The minister had to report back. Finally, Ji Chang prepared a generous gift and personally visited Jiang Ziya. Jiang Ziya saw that he was really a talent-seeker, so he promised to help him. Ji Chang made him a squire to show his respect.

Later, Jiang Ziya successively assisted King Wen, overthrew the rule of Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty with the longest history in China.

2, approachable

In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, his son was sealed in Lu, King Taigong (Jiang Ziya) was sealed in Qi, and the Duke of Zhou also helped him become king in the Regent's Palace. Three years later, Bo Qin came in to report the government affairs to the Duke of Zhou, who said, "Why did you come so late?" Bo Qin said, "I have made great efforts to change the customs." For example, mourning must be served for three years before it can be removed. "squire here, five months later to report on activities. Duke Zhou said, "How did you come so soon? "Taigong said," I have greatly simplified the etiquette of the monarch and his subjects. Everything is simple and easy to follow. After listening to Boqin's report, Taigong sighed and said, "The descendants of Lu will definitely submit to Qi in the north." If politics is not simple and clear, people are reluctant to get close to it. People, people will join. "

"People" originally refers to political simplicity. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, changed all the words "people" into "people" in order to avoid taboo, and this language was also changed into "approachable". With this change, the meaning has also changed, from politics to the attitude towards people, and sometimes the style of the article is easy to understand.

3. Daughter laughs

At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, after Zhou Youwang acceded to the throne, he simply ignored state affairs, ate, drank, and indulged in women. There was a vassal state in the Zhou Dynasty called Bao (bāo). Seeing that the son of heaven was so absurd, the monarch came to exhort him. Wang You didn't listen, but put him in prison.

The king's son, Hunde, was very anxious when he saw his father locked up, so he discussed with his mother how to rescue him. They heard that you Wang likes beautiful women very much, so they bought a young and beautiful girl with a lot of money, named "Si", taught her court manners, and then gave it to you Wang. Wang You was overjoyed and ordered the release of the monarch.

After he entered the palace, he was deeply loved by the king, but there was only one thing that didn't suit him, that is, he was eccentric and never laughed. Wang You made up his mind to make her smile, so he put up a notice: Who can make the new queen smile? There is a reward of 1000 yuan. As soon as the notice came out, some people rushed to enter the palace. Some people stare at each other with their tongues, and some people tell absurd jokes, which can be praised, but they still don't smile. There was a minister named Guo (guó) Shifu, who was a bad person who liked to kiss up. He came up with a bad idea, which is called "the warlord of the bonfire play". It turns out that in ancient times, when encountering enemy situations, it was mainly by beacon towers to call the police. Those beacon towers are all over the vassal States, and two adjacent beacon towers can see each other. If the enemy is found somewhere during the day, it will ignite the dried wolf dung and send a message with "wolf smoke"; If it is night, light firewood and send a message with fire. Before long, the news will spread all over the country, and local governors will lead troops to Kyoto for disposal.

You Wang was very happy when he heard the plan and decided to give it a try. One day, the weather was fine, and the king came to the top of the tower with a compliment. He stepped onto the stage, overlooking the distant mountains and near the water. Wang You ordered the bonfire to be lit, and suddenly smoke rose into the sky. Seeing the bonfire burning, the governors from far and near thought that the enemy was coming, so they withdrew their troops and ran to Hao, Beijing. They arrived at the gate of Haojing, but there was no enemy soldier in sight. They saw Wang You and Congsi sitting on the podium drinking and watching the fun. Now, I can make praise laugh. She laughed at the imprudence of the king and the credulity of the princes. He smiled approvingly, found himself in Wang Jimin, and immediately gave Guo Shifu a daughter's reward. The princes were so angry that they knew they had been cheated, cursed them and led the troops back.

Wang You didn't care, he staged this farce many times just to see that smiling face. Soon, Rong (róng) sent troops to attack Haojing. Seeing that the army really came, King Wang You quickly sent someone to light a bonfire and asked the princes for help. But this time, the princes thought that the son of heaven was playing with the queen, and they all stayed put. In this way, Haojing was breached by the Rong people, and you Wang fled to the foot of Lishan Mountain and was killed. Let someone take him away.

The idiom "daughter laughs" is very rare to describe a beauty's smile. It is priceless.

4. High mountains and flowing water

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Yu Boya, who was proficient in temperament and superb in piano skills. He was a famous pianist at that time.

One night, Boya traveled by boat. Facing the cool breeze and bright moon, he was full of thoughts, so he played the piano again, and the sound of the piano was melodious and getting better. Suddenly, I heard someone screaming on the shore. Boya came out of the boat and saw a woodcutter standing on the shore. He immediately invited the woodcutter aboard and played for him with great interest. Boya played a tune praising the mountains, and the woodcutter said, "How wonderful! Majestic and solemn, such as Mount Tai towering into the clouds! " When he played the surging waves, the woodcutter said, "How wonderful! Vast and boundless, it seems to see rolling water and boundless sea! " Boya was very excited and said excitedly, "bosom friend!" You are really my bosom friend. "This woodcutter is Zhong Ziqi. Since then, the two have become very good friends.

The idiom "high mountains and flowing water" is a metaphor for bosom friends and wonderful music.

5, don't pick up on the road.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the son of a politician in the State of Zheng became the official minister of the State of Zheng because he actively suppressed the rebellion of the old aristocratic forces. He took a series of measures to promote Zheng's economic development; At the same time, it also advocates governing the country according to law and has formulated strict criminal laws to deal with criminal acts. So, there are no thieves in China. "Don't pick up things" (things lost on the road, others won't pick up); The peach trees and jujube trees in the street are all covered with fruits, and no one climbs up to pick them. Because real estate has managed the country well, Zheng has become rich and strong. Although it has been affected for three consecutive years, the people have not suffered from hunger and cold.

This idiom is often used with "not closing the door at night" to describe a good social atmosphere.

6, the righteousness above family loyalty

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei Guo really killed his brother Huan and became king on his own.

Zhou Xu drove people to fight and aroused people's dissatisfaction. Worried about the instability of his throne, he consulted with Shi Hou, a confidant minister. So I went to ask my father Wei Xiangqu how to consolidate his dominant position. Shi said to his son, "when a vassal ascended the throne, he should get the permission of the Zhou Emperor, so as to consolidate his position." Shi Hou said, "Zhou Xu killed his brother to find a job. What if Emperor Zhou doesn't allow it? " Shi said: trusted by Zhou, Shi Hou, a friendly neighbor with Chen and Wei, said before his father finished, "Do you mean to ask Chen Huangong for help?" Stone nodding.

Zhou Xu and Shi Hou prepared many gifts, but they were detained by Chen Huangong. So this is the arrangement of stones. Guo Wei sent someone to Chen Guo to execute Zhou Xu. Ministers of Wei thought it was Shi's son and should be lenient. Shi sent home ministers to Chen State and killed them. Historians believe that stoning a child to death is "putting righteousness above family".

The idiom "putting righteousness above family members" means not favoring relatives who commit crimes in order to safeguard the interests of the country and the people.

7. Be ambitious

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Xiangong was angered by his favorite concubine and killed the prince. His son and Yiwu fled to Di and Liang respectively.

Later, Jin Xiangong died, and with the help of Qin Mugong and Qi Huangong, Yiwu became the monarch. He was afraid that Zhong Er would come back for the throne, so he sent someone to kill him. So, after all the difficulties and obstacles, I fled from Di to Qi.

Qi Huangong gave preferential treatment to Zhong Er and his followers, such as Zhao Shuai and Hu Yan (y m: n), and married his girl Qi Jiang to Zhong Er. Zhong Er lived in Qi for seven years, and his life was very comfortable. He doesn't want to go back to the state of Jin.

After Qi Huangong's death, Duke Xiao of Qi became the monarch of Qi, and Qi began to weaken. Zi, Zhao, Hu Yan and others came to Sangyuan to discuss secretly, trying to let Qi leave.

This let Zhong Er's wife Qi Qiang know. Qi Jiang, the heroine of the female middle school, hoped that her husband could do great things, so he said to Zhong Er, "Son, I'm glad you have great ambitions. You go! Men have to do something, and it is not enough to think that their wives are greedy for ease! "

Zhong Er was surprised and said, "I won't leave you, leave Qi, I won't go!" Hearing this, Qijiang knew that he didn't want to go, so he discussed a plan with Zi and others. After getting Zhong Er drunk, he was sent out of Qi.

Later, at the age of sixty-two, Zhong Er finally returned to the State of Jin and became the monarch of the State of Jin, known as Jin Wengong in history.

This idiom often means that people should set up lofty aspirations.

8. Stay out of the way

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhong Er fled to Chu. The king of Chu thought that Zhong Er would do something in the future, so he greeted him with a gift from the monarch and regarded him as a distinguished guest.

One day, the king of Chu gave a banquet in honor of Zhong Er, and suddenly asked, "If one day you return to the State of Jin and become a monarch, how can you repay me?" Zhong Er thought for a moment and said, "Beautiful waiter, precious silk, your majesty, you have a lot;" Chu is rich in rare bird feathers and ivory skins. What rare items are there for the king in Jin State? " The king of Chu said, "Your son is too modest. Having said that, you should show me something, right? Zhong Er replied with a smile: "If thanks to you, I can really return to China to take power, and I am willing to get along well with your country." . If one day, there is a war between Chu Jin and China, I will definitely order the troops to retreat first (a house is equal to 30 miles). If I can't get your forgiveness, I will fight you again. "

Four years later, Zhong Er really returned to the State of Jin and became a monarch. This is the famous Jin Wengong in history. The state of Jin became stronger and stronger under his rule.

In 633 BC, the two armies of Chu and Jin fought. In order to fulfill his promise, Jin Wengong ordered the troops to retreat 90 miles and stay in Chengpu. When Chu Jun saw that 8 Jin J was retreating, he thought the other side was afraid and immediately pursued it. The Jin army took advantage of the weakness of the Chu army's pride in underestimating the enemy, concentrated its forces and defeated the Chu army greatly, and won the battle of Chengpu.

The idiom "avoid three places" is now often used to mean not arguing with others or making concessions on your own initiative.

9, the disease into the cream (gāo) (huāng)

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Jing of Jin was once seriously ill. When he heard that there was a doctor with superb medical skills in the state of Qin, he sent for him.

Before the doctor arrived, Duke Jing of Jin dreamt in a trance. I dreamed that two children were whispering beside him. One said, "That brilliant doctor is coming soon. I don't think we can escape this time. " Another child said, "It's nothing to be afraid of. I hide in the paste, and you hide in the cream. No matter how he uses the medicine, we can't help it. "

Soon, Qin's famous doctor arrived. After the diagnosis, the famous doctor said to Jin, "There is no cure for this disease. The disease is above the stomach and under the ointment. Moxibustion can't cure it, acupuncture can't achieve it, and taking decoction can't achieve the effect. There is really no cure for this disease. "

Hearing this, Duke Jing of Jin felt that what the doctor said really verified the dialogue between the two children in the dream, and he nodded and said, "Your medical skill is really brilliant!" "After that, I gave the doctor a gift and told him to go back to Qin.

The idiom "terminally ill" means terminally ill and incurable, and it is often used to indicate that things have reached the point of irretrievability.

10, cold lips and cold teeth

During the Spring and Autumn Period, when Jin Xiangong wanted to expand its strength and territory, it wanted to find an excuse to send troops to destroy the ancient country. However, there is a state of danger between Jin and Guo, and the crusade against Guo must go through danger. "How can we successfully pass through the country of Yu?" Jin Xiangong asked his ministers. Xun's doctor said: "The monarch is a short-sighted man, greedy for petty gain. As long as we send him Meiyu and BMW, he will agree to borrow. " Jin Xiangong a listen to a little loathe to give up. Xun read the idea and said, "The two countries are close neighbors who are as close as lips and teeth. When the state of Guo perished, it would be difficult for it to exist alone. Your beautiful BMW is only temporarily stored in Yugong. " Upon hearing this, Jin Xiangong adopted Xun's plan.

When Yu Guojun saw these two precious gifts, he was filled with joy. When Xun heard that he wanted to borrow it, he readily agreed. When Dr. Yu Guo heard this, he quickly stopped him and said, "No, no, Yu Guo and Guo Guo are close neighbors. Our two small countries are interdependent and can help each other if something happens. If the state of Guo perishes, our state of Yu will be hard to protect. As the saying goes:' the lips die and the teeth are cold', without lips, the teeth can't be kept! Never lend money to the state of Jin. " Qi Huangong said, "Jin is a big country, and now they specially send beautiful jade BMW to make friends with us. Can't we borrow a way to let them go? " Gong sighed again and again, knowing that the country of Yu was not far from the day of extinction, so he left the country with his family.

Sure enough, the army of the State of Jin rode the east wind of the State of Jin, destroyed the State of Guo, and then seized Qi Huangong, whom the State of Jin personally greeted, and destroyed the State of Jin.

The idiom "the lips are dead and the teeth are cold" means that the two sides are closely related and their interests are related.

1 1, prepare for danger in times of peace.

Song, Qi and other countries jointly attacked Zheng, and the weak Zheng knew that he was short of troops, so he asked Jin to be the middleman, hoping that Song, Qi and other countries could cancel the idea of attacking Zheng. Other countries decided to withdraw their troops because they were afraid of the powerful Jin State. In order to thank the State of Jin, Zheng sent people to dedicate many beautiful women and precious jewels to the State of Jin. Duke Jin was very happy after receiving these gifts, so he gave half the beautiful women to Ji Qiang, the great hero. Unexpectedly, the upright Jiang Wei refused, and advised Jin Wengong to say, "Although Jin is powerful, we can't be careless. Because when people are safe, they must think about the dangers that may occur in the future, so that they will be prepared. " Hearing Jiang Wei's words, Duke Mourn of Jin knew that he was always concerned about the safety of the country and the people, and he respected him more from now on.

The idiom "prepare for danger in times of peace" refers to being in a safe environment and thinking about possible dangers.

12

In 496 BC, the King of Wu was beaten black and blue by Gou Jian, the King of Yue. Before he died, he asked his son Fu Cha to avenge him. Fu Cha remembered his father's words and stepped up training day and night, ready to attack Yue.

Two years later, Fu Cha led his troops to defeat Gou Jian, who was besieged and committed suicide. At this time, Wen Zi, the counselor, advised him: "The prince of Wu is greedy for money and lustful, so he can send someone to bribe him." Gou Jian listened to his advice and sent him to bribe the king of Wu with beautiful women and treasures.

When he met the King of Wu, he went in and said, "I would like to make the King of Yue king. Please forgive him. " Wu Zixu stood up and protested loudly: "Gou Jian is far-sighted, and Wen Zi and Fan Li are smart and capable. If they are released this time, they will definitely find a way to get revenge when they go back! " At this time, Fu Cha thought that Yue was not enough, and he took a fancy to the beauty of the stone, so he did not listen to Wu Zixu's advice, agreed to Yue's request, and withdrew to Wu.

After the withdrawal of troops from Wu, Gou Jian came to Wu with his wife and doctor Fan Li, served the king of Wu, herded cattle and sheep, and finally won the king's love and trust. Three years later, they were released and returned to China.

After returning to China, Gou Jian was determined to make a fortune and prepare for revenge. He sleeps on a pile of straw at night, with weapons on his pillow and a gallbladder hanging in the room. After getting up every morning, he tasted the gallbladder and asked the soldiers outside the door, "Have you forgotten the shame of three years?" He sent Wen Zi to manage state affairs, Fan Li to manage military affairs, personally went to the fields to work with farmers, and his wife also spun and woven. Gou Jian's behavior touched the officials and people of Yue State. After ten years of hard struggle, the state of Yue finally became armed, from weak to strong.

Besides, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, has been addicted to the beauty of stones and lived a luxurious life since he defeated Yue. He was arrogant, listened to the treacherous court official and killed the loyal minister Wu Zixu. At this time, Wu, seemingly powerful, has actually gone downhill.

In 482 BC, Fu Cha personally led the army to the north, competing with the State of Jin for the title of vassal. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, used the elite troops of the State of Wu to make a surprise attack, defeated Wu Bing in one fell swoop and killed his prince friend. After hearing the news, Fu Cha hurried home and sent someone to make peace with Gou Jian. Gou Jian estimated that Wu could not be destroyed at once, so he agreed. In 473 BC, Gou Jian personally led troops to attack Wu for the second time. At this time, the State of Wu was already at the end of a spent force (nǔ), and could not resist the Vietnamese army at all. Finally, Fu Cha sent someone to make peace with Gou Jian, and Fan Li insisted on destroying Wu. Fu Cha saw that peace could not be achieved and regretted not listening to Wu Zixu's advice. He was so ashamed that he drew his sword and committed suicide.

Nowadays, people often use this idiom to describe those who work hard and are determined to avenge their country.

13, Dongshi Town (pín)

In ancient times, there were two women in the state of Yue. One is very beautiful, and the other is ugly, called Dong Shi. Dong Shi admired Shi's beauty and always imitated Shi's every move. One day, Shi had a heart attack and walked in the street, covering his chest with his hand and frowning. When Dong Shi saw it, she thought it was beautiful. She walked up and down the street just like her, but the pedestrians in the street were too scared to see her.

Later, people used the phrase "it is effective to learn from the East" to mean to imitate others without knowing what their strengths and weaknesses are.

14, awesome afterlife

When Confucius traveled around the world, he once saw a child whose behavior and words were very unusual. The child built a castle out of mud and sat in it, blocking Confucius' way. Confucius asked him why he blocked his car and wouldn't let him pass. The child said, "I've only heard of cars going around the city, but I've never heard of castles avoiding cars!" " Confucius was very surprised. I didn't expect the child to talk so well at such a young age. The child said, "I heard that fish can swim three days after birth;" "The rabbit will run away after three days. What's the fuss? " Confucius sighed: "The afterlife is terrible!"

This idiom now means that young people are new forces and can easily surpass their elders.

15, it's not easy to know people.

When Confucius was with Cai, he was too poor to even drink wild vegetable soup. He didn't eat a pill for seven days, so he had to sleep in broad daylight.

His disciple Yan Hui found some rice and cooked it in retort. When the meal was almost ready, Confucius saw Yan Hui rushing to refute it.

After a while, when the meal was ready, Yan Hui invited Confucius to dinner. Confucius pretended not to see what happened just now, stood up and said, "I just dreamed of my ancestors and asked me to give them the cleanest food."

Yan Hui said quickly, "No, just now the dust fell into Zhen's room and made the rice dirty. I didn't think it was good to throw it away, so I grabbed it with my hand and ate it. "

Confucius said with emotion: "I believe my eyes, but what I see with my eyes is still unbelievable;" I rely on my own brain, but my brain is sometimes unreliable. You must remember that it is really not easy to know someone! "

This idiom means that it is not easy to really identify a person. Don't judge a person easily by what you see with your own eyes.

16, don't be shy about asking questions.

Dr. Kong Kun (Y incarnation) is smart and studious, and what is more rare is that he is a very modest person. After Kong Lai's death, Wang Wei named him "Wen Gong" in order to let future generations learn and carry forward his studious spirit. Later generations will respectfully call him Kong Wengong.

Zi Gong, a student of Confucius, is also a patriotic person, but he doesn't think Confucius deserves such high praise. On one occasion, he asked Confucius: "Although Confucius's knowledge and talent are very high, there are many people who are better than him." Why should he be named "Wen Gong"? "Confucius said with a smile:" Confucius is very studious, smart and flexible. If there is anything he doesn't understand, even if the other party's position or knowledge is not as good as his, he will be generous and open-minded, and he is not ashamed at all. This is a rare place for him, and it is more appropriate to give him the title of' Wen Gong'. "After Confucius' explanation, Zi Gong was finally persuaded.

The idiom "not ashamed to ask questions" now means that it is not shameful to ask people with low status who know less than themselves.

17, Meng Mu moved three times.

Zhǎng Mencius was a child, his father died and his mother kept a festival. Mencius lived near the cemetery, and he learned something about funerals. Meng Mu thought, "This place is not suitable for children." He left and moved his family to the street, close to where the pigs and sheep were slaughtered. Mencius learned something about trade and slaughter. Meng Mu thought again, "This place is still not suitable for children to live in." I moved my family to Gong Xue. On the first day of each month in the summer calendar, officials enter the Confucian Temple, bow down, and (y:) let them advance and retreat. When Mencius met them, he remembered them one by one. Meng Mu believes that "this is a place suitable for children's lives." Settle here.

The idiom "Three Moves to Meng Mu" is now commonly used to emphasize the importance of the environment to the healthy growth of children.