Analysis on the types of idiom misuse. ppt

Some idioms have established meanings. If we only understand the meaning of idioms literally and make a wrong or one-sided explanation, it will lead to the misuse of idioms. Throughout the previous college entrance examination questions, this aspect will appear almost every year. Analyze the phenomenon of "finding words to create meaning" as follows:

1. Don't understand a word or phrase in an idiom.

Exodus: (1) It is incredible that they work and live in this vast land day after day and year after year. (Hainan Ningxia Volume D in 2009) Unbelievable: strange, no; Easy, ordinary; It is not what ordinary people can imagine according to common sense. Does not agree with the meaning of the sentence.

2. I don't know the source of idioms

Allusions and idioms, such as Xanadu, bullish, windy and rainy, burning chestnuts, etc., need to be grasped as a whole, and idioms cannot be dismembered or translated literally.

Example: (1) The lack of attention to tea also illustrates this point, and even forms a prejudice that China's tea is only used to quench the thirst of Xialiba people, and its grade is not as good as that of some imported drinks. "Xialiba people" originally refers to two kinds of folk songs, Heba people, which were popular in Chu during the Warring States Period. Later, it generally refers to popular and popular literary works, and is often used to address one's own works modestly. And the example misinterprets it as a person of low status.

3. Shape proximity confusion

Example: (1) The Canton Fair provides an opportunity for enterprises to connect domestic and foreign trade, but this connection cannot be completed overnight. Most export enterprises are not familiar with the domestic market, even if they intend to sell in China. (Item D of Shandong Volume in 2009) "One stroke" should be "one stroke". With a wave of his hand, he describes quick thinking and writes as soon as he starts writing. Just: Done. Step: step, step; Just, success. One step is success. Metaphor things happen overnight, overnight.

4. Not in context

There are many misuses of idioms for the purpose of creating meaning by reading the text, and the use context of idioms is unclear, which leads to taking them out of context. This is most obvious in the 2009 college entrance examination questions.

Example: (1) Although these college graduates lack work experience and practical ability, with the support of relevant national policies, they are determined to start their own businesses and strive to start new ones. (Item A of Sichuan Volume in 2009) Niudao Small Test: Niudao, Niudao; Try a little, use a little, and show your skills. To make a metaphor, people with great skills first show their talents in small things. It is also a metaphor that a capable person shows his talents as soon as he starts to work.

(2) On May 9th, 2009, Li Wenhua, a famous crosstalk performer in China, died suddenly, which made his old partner Jiang Kun feel deeply missed and immersed in extreme grief. (Sichuan Volume C, 2009) Missed: Crossing arms, touching arms, passing fingers. Describe missing in person.

(3) Over the past 40 years, countless students you have trained, whether in business or academia, have always borne the brunt of the construction of all walks of life. (Guangdong Volume C, 2009) bears the brunt: metaphor for first attack or first disaster. Does not conform to the meaning of the text.

(4) The new curriculum standard requires us to carry out the new education and teaching ideas in Chinese teaching in senior high schools and resolutely abandon the teaching methods that don't respect students. (Anhui Volume C, 2009) Thiel: Not only tell him face to face, but also tell him by holding his ear. Describe the enthusiasm of the elders.

(5) The international financial crisis has brought great impact to the world economy. The once wealthy Atlantic island countries are now on the verge of "national bankruptcy". (Item D of Anhui Volume 2009) Walking on thin ice: Walking on thin ice. Metaphor is extremely cautious and alert. Don't use it to describe the situation and the crisis of the situation.

(6) He is a cautious man, and always pursues the principle that a friend of a gentleman is as light as water, so he seldom makes friends, even if he has friends, he doesn't want to get too close. (Chongqing Volume A in 2009) The friendship between gentlemen is as light as water: the communication between gentlemen does not contain any utilitarian heart, and their communication is pure friendship, not vanity. The meaning of the word is inconsistent with the context, and "as light as water" does not mean shallow communication.

(7) Lao Zhang weighed the prawns and pork he bought according to the usual practice, only to find that all the prawns he bought were cut corners and half a catty was missing. (Chongqing Volume D, 2009) Jerry-building: It refers to the fact that businessmen secretly reduce the quality of products and cut corners in order to reap huge profits. Now it also refers to doing things conveniently and carelessly. The meaning of the word doesn't match the context. It should be a lack of money, and it is out of stock in business.

(8) At the initial stage of some infectious diseases, the most difficult thing for medical experts is how to judge and predict the scale and development trend of the epidemic, so as to provide a more scientific basis for public decision-making. (Shandong Volume A in 2009) Dilemma: It is also difficult on the left and right sides. It is difficult to make a decision when you are in some kind of predicament. "How to judge and predict the scale and development trend of the epidemic" does not conform to the fact that it is difficult to make decisions in a certain dilemma.

(B) using the wrong object

Idioms often have scope of application and objects, including subject and object, men and women, old and young, modesty and respect. If there is no clear distinction, the object is easy to make mistakes. For example, taking Qi Mei as an example, husband and wife regard customers as their respect; Meet by chance, meet unexpectedly, the former is only used for strangers to meet for the first time.

Example: (1) At the peak of the Spring and Autumn Period, we strong young people should work hard, be positive, study hard and make more contributions to the country and society. (National Volume I B in 2009) Spring and Autumn Peak: Spring and Autumn refers to age; At its peak, just as it was thriving. Metaphor is just the prime of life. The application object should be people, and it can't be used to decorate the "times". The wrong person is used here.

(2) The new TV series "A Family of Four Generations" caused controversy. Some people think that the bureau has added too many modern elements, which has turned a picture of life in an old Beijing city into a southern accent and lost the soul of the original. (National Volume Ⅱ D in 2009) North-South Tune: It originally refers to the North-South Tune of China traditional opera. Now the accent is impure and mixed with dialects. It is wrong to describe "the city life picture reflected by TV series" with "Southern accent and Northern accent".

(3) It is really puzzling that a few media are not digging up materials with important news value, but just grabbing a little anecdote from some stars. (Anhui Volume B in 2009) Calligraphy is vivid and magnificent.

(4) This is the work of a famous late writer, which was not published for various reasons, and this publication is a bit self-deprecating for the editor. Take care of yourself: poor, broken and bad; Jane treasures it. Think of your broken broom as a treasure. Although things are not good, I cherish them. First of all, the works in the context are writers, not editors, not "self-conceited". The works that can be published are not bad or "brooms". So the idiom object in the context is used wrongly.

(5) Some people call people who only read without thinking "bookworms", while others call them "bookworms", "bookworms" and "bookworms". (Jiangxi Volume A in 2009) Without thinking: Fake, Borrow and Depend. Describe doing things quickly and skillfully, without consideration. Can't be used to describe people directly.

(6) His speech explained the relationship between the future of youth and the cause of national modernization in a simple and condescending way, and the response was very enthusiastic. (Item D of Jiangxi Volume in 2009) condescending: living, standing and being; Face, face. Stand on a high place and look down. It is very advantageous to describe the occupied terrain. The sentence refers to the height of the speaker's thought, not "the terrain occupied is very favorable"

(7) Although the scope of computer applications is getting wider and wider, owning it does not mean that all work will become so easy and easy. (Hunan Volume B, 2009) A brush stroke: waving and directing the pen. Describe quick thinking, writing, writing and drawing very quickly. This job is described by the wrong person here.

(8) History is like the same long river, flowing continuously from the source, and each stage is marked with its own unique mark. (Hubei Volume B, 2009) maverick: moral, knowledgeable, not drifting with the tide. Generally refers to people, and the sentence refers to rivers, which is not used properly.

(3) Improper color

Some idioms have obvious colors of praise and criticism. Idioms are divided into positive, negative and neutral in emotional color, so they must be distinguished in use to avoid misuse. There are two main situations of color discrimination:

1. Praise and belittle.

Example: (1) The gangster suddenly died at the crime scene while extorting huge sums of money from others. His life was full of evil, which was a fair death. (Jiangxi Volume C, 2009): Chu, Chu, Chu; Find the right place, find the right place. Means that death is valuable and meaningful. Emotional color doesn't match the meaning of the sentence.

(2) No matter how perfect the mechanism is, it must be operated by people. Once opportunism and profiteering become inner beasts, even if they pay a huge price, those who break the system and rules will move forward wave after wave. (Shandong Volume C in 2009) Forward wave after wave: forward, forward; Go ahead and follow. Describe continuous combat, bravely forward to kill. Commendatory words.

2. derogatory and commendatory.

Example: (1) One morning in March in Yangchun, more and more tourists came to Hejiangmen Square in Yibin. An old man in his 60s performed Tai Ji Chuan in the square, which attracted countless pedestrians to watch. (Sichuan Volume B in 2009) Looking sideways: sideways, sideways. Look at people sideways and dare not look them in the eye. Describe hatred or fear, resentment, misunderstood as respect. Praise with derogatory terms. grammatical error

1. Semantic duplication.

When using idioms, we should pay attention to the contrast between idioms and sentence semantics to avoid the repetition of implied meanings of idioms and sentence semantics.

Example: (1) Look at his frown and silence. I'm afraid he really has some unspeakable difficulties

"unspeakable" refers to something or reason that is difficult to say. This idiom is repeated in the sentence with the meaning of "difficult".

(2) He only helped others when he was doing his own thing, but he was praised by others unexpectedly.

"Reputation for security" in the sentence means unexpected praise, which obviously repeats the word "unexpected" in the sentence.

2. Dysfunction. Each idiom has a different grammatical function in a sentence. If we don't grasp this correctly, it is easy to make the mistake of function confusion.

For example, (1) This joke gives a powerful irony to the old China's "learning to be an excellent official", shirking its responsibility and being indifferent to the sufferings of the people.

(2) He looked around and found this strange stone everywhere, and then he had a strange trick, which surprised the rebels.

"Indifference" is a verbal idiom, which is generally used as a predicate in a sentence and cannot take an object. "Surprise" cannot take an object. However, sentences (1) and (2) force them to take an object, which makes the mistake of confusing functions.

3. Improper collocation. The use of idioms should conform to grammatical rules, otherwise it will lead to misuse. The analysis is as follows:

Modifiers and headwords are not properly matched.

Example: (1) Because of his profound inspiration, I have a new understanding of life.

(2) It's really interesting. As soon as Xiao Zhao entered the meeting room, all of us who attended the quality analysis meeting stood up.

"Straight to the point" is used to describe profound viewpoints, discussions, analysis and descriptions, and cannot be compared with "inspiration"; Coincidence often refers to the same opinion, plan, ideal, etc. It is not properly matched with the verb "station" in the sentence, and it is more appropriate to use "coincidence".

Improper collocation of subject and predicate.

Example: (1) After one month, his condition gradually improved, which was the fourth time that he came back to life.

(2) I have worked with Wang Lao for many years, and his knowledge and leadership really benefited me a lot.

In the example (1), "bringing back the dead" refers to saving lives, emphasizing the description of doctors' superb medical skills, which is not suitable for "he" (patient) in the sentence. In example (2), the subject of "benefiting a lot" should be people, which can't be compared with "being a leader in learning". According to the context, a commendatory term should be filled in here, such as "outstanding".

4. regardless of weight. Some idioms have the same basic meaning, but there are some subtle differences in meaning, which need to be carefully distinguished.

Example: (1) An arty person came to learn elegance instead of ignorance, and was finally a wise man, curious and kind-hearted, beyond reproach.

"blameless" in the sentence means that there is nothing to blame, and the meaning is very light. We criticize this kind of people in sentences, which is both possible and reasonable, so the idiom should be changed to "beyond reproach", which is heavy and heavy.

5. Unknown range. The misuse of idioms is caused by unclear meaning range.

Example: (1) We have six brothers and sisters, but my father doesn't prefer boys to girls like some people. He treats us equally and has no prejudice.

"Equal amount" in the sentence can only be used to treat things, indicating equal treatment, but not to treat people.

(5) illogical

1. inconsistent.

Example: (1) He is reckless and willful. Wherever he goes, he makes a mess. It can really be described as "Lu Bu among people, a red rabbit among horses". (Zhejiang Volume, Item D, Question 3, 2006) "Lyu3 bu4 among people, Red Rabbit in Mazhong" means that Lyu3 bu4 is the most heroic among people, and Red Rabbit in Mazhong is the best, which is a metaphor for outstanding talents. As mentioned earlier, this person is "reckless and willful" and inconsistent.

(2) A broken city wall can be seen on a continuous mountain peak in the distance. There are deep valleys under the mountain, rugged rocks and fast-flowing streams, and there is no way to pass. It is called, and one person guards it, and ten thousand people can't force it. (Item D of Beijing Volume 2009) "If one person guards it, ten thousand people can't force it" means that as long as one person guards the customs, even ten thousand people can't attack it. Describe the dangerous terrain, easy to defend but difficult to attack. There is no way to solve the contradiction with the meaning of the sentence.

2. illogical

Example: (1) In the eyes of egoists, there is no one who is not for himself; In their minds, it is unimaginable that a large number of new people and new things have appeared in real life who have sacrificed themselves for others and forgotten their personal interests. The sentence "unimaginable" means that the future situation is unimaginable. I didn't expect things to get very bad. It's illogical to use it here.