What are the famous historical stories in China? What are some fairy tales? Shorter ones

Historical Stories

1. Sleeping on fuel and tasting courage

Gou Jian, King of Yue (about 520 BC - 465 BC), had the surname Si, also known as Jiu Qian and Gao Zhi. Descendant of Xia Yu, son of Yue King Yunchang, king of Yue State in the late Spring and Autumn Period. In 496 BC, King Gou Jian of Yue came to the throne. In the same year, he defeated the Wu division in Li. In the third year of Yue King Goujian's reign (494 BC), the Wu army was defeated by Fu Jiao and was forced to seek peace with Wu. Three years later, he was released and returned to the country of Yue. After returning to the country, Fan Li and Wen Zhong were re-employed, and he worked hard to gradually restore the national strength of the country of Yue.

In the fifteenth year of the reign of King Goujian of Yue (482 BC), King Wu Fucha raised troops to participate in the Huangchi meeting to show his force and lead the elite. King Gou Jian of Yue seized the opportunity and led his troops to defeat the Wu division. Fu Chai hurriedly made an alliance with the Jin State and returned. He was defeated miserably in the battle with Gou Jian and had to negotiate peace with Yue.

In the nineteenth year of King Gou Jian of Yue (478 BC), Gou Jian once again led his army to attack the state of Wu, and defeated the main force of the Wu army in three battles and three victories in the Battle of Lize. In the twenty-fourth year of the Yue Dynasty (473 BC), King Gou Jian of Yue broke the capital of Wu and forced Fu Chai to commit suicide. He destroyed Wu and became hegemonic. He crossed the Huaihe River with his troops, gathered Qi, Song, Jin, Lu and other princes in Xuzhou (now south of Tengzhou, Shandong), and moved the capital to Langya. , became the last overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period.

2. Referring to a deer as a horse

It is said that Zhao Gao was trying to seek power and usurp the throne. In order to test which ministers in the court would obey his wishes, he specially presented a deer to Qin II, and Said it was a horse. Qin II didn't believe it, so Zhao Gao asked the ministers for excuses. The ministers who did not dare to oppose Zhao Gao said it was a horse, while those who dared to oppose Zhao Gao said it was a deer.

Later, the ministers who were said to be deer were killed by Zhao Gao using various means. The story of referring to a deer as a horse has been passed down to this day, and people use this idiom to describe a person who confuses right and wrong and confuses right and wrong.

3. Besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao

In 354 BC, the Wei army besieged Handan, the capital of Zhao. The two sides fought for more than a year, but Zhao declined and Wei was exhausted. At this time, Qi State responded to Zhao State's request for help and sent Tian Ji as a general and Sun Bin as a military advisor, leading 80,000 troops to rescue Zhao. Where to choose the direction of attack? At first, Tian Ji planned to go straight to Handan. Sun Bin believed that in order to untie the tangled threads, one should not forcefully pull them with hands. In order to break up other people's fights, one should not directly participate in them. When sending troops to relieve the siege, avoid the real situation and focus on the weak point, and hit the key points.

He suggested to Tian Ji: "At this time, the elite troops of the Wei State are concentrated in Handan, and the interior is empty. We can lead our troops to attack Daliang, the capital of the Wei State, occupy its transportation arteries, and attack its empty areas. At that place, it marched towards Daliang, the capital of Wei State, and it would inevitably abandon Zhao State and return to save itself. "The Qi army took advantage of its exhaustion and met the enemy on its way back at Guiling, the pre-selected combat area. The Wei army was defeated and the siege of Handan was lifted. .

Sun Bin used the method of besieging Wei State to rescue Zhao State from danger. This was a very famous battle example in Chinese history, and was listed as an important part of the Thirty-Six Strategies by later military strategists. count. The strategy of besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao was appreciated by military strategists of all ages, and it still has its vitality to this day.

4. The Last Stand

Han Xin was a military wizard in the Chu-Han War. ?In October of the third year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (204 BC), Han Xin led tens of thousands of newly recruited Han troops to cross the Taihang Mountains and attack Zhao State eastward. Chen Yu, Lord of Cheng'an, gathered 200,000 troops and occupied Jingxingkou, a strategic point east of the Taihang Mountains, preparing to fight.

To the west of Jingxingkou, there is a narrow road about a hundred miles long, with mountains on both sides. The road is narrow and Han Xin must pass through it. Zhao Jun's counselor Li Zuoche proposed a plan: defend the front without fighting, send troops to the back to cut off Han Xin's food route, and trap Han Xin to death in the narrow road of Jingxing. Chen Yu refused to listen and said: "Han Xin only has a few thousand men and can attack thousands of miles away. If we avoid attacking, won't we make the princes laugh?"

After Han Xin found out the news, he quickly led the Han army to enter. The narrow road of Jingxing was set up camp thirty miles away from the entrance of Jingxing. In the middle of the night, Han Xin sent two thousand light cavalry, each carrying a Han army flag, to ambush behind the Zhao army's camp via the trail. Han Xin warned: "During the battle, if the Zhao army sees that our army is defeated, they will definitely come out to chase me." Army, you rush into the Zhao army’s camp, pull down the Zhao army’s flag, and raise the Han army’s red flag.”

After the rest of the Han army ate some simple dry food, they immediately marched towards Jingxingkou.

When they arrived at Jingxingkou, the troops crossed the Mianman River and formed a formation with their backs to the water. When Zhao Jun saw them from a distance, they all laughed at Han Xin.

After dawn, Han Xin set up the general's flag and guard of honor and led the crowd out of Jingxingkou. Chen Yu led his entire army to swarm out to capture Han Xin alive. Han Xin pretended to abandon his flag and drum and fled back to his position by the river.

Chen Yu ordered the whole battalion of the Zhao army to attack and attack the Han army's position. Since the Han army had no way to retreat, they all fought bravely to take the lead. The two sides fought for half a day, but Zhao Jun could not win. At this time, Zhao Jun wanted to retreat to the camp, but found that his camp was full of Han army flags, and the team was immediately in chaos. Han Xin took advantage of the situation and counterattacked, Zhao Jun was defeated, Chen Yu died in the battle, and King Zhao was captured.

After the war, someone asked: "In the art of war, it is said that you have to form an array with your back to the mountain and facing the water. This time we fought with our back to the water and actually won. Why?" Han Xin said: "In the art of war, we fought with our backs to the water and we actually won." Isn't it also said that "you will survive after being trapped in a place of death, and you will survive after being trapped in a place of death"? "

5. Asking for forgiveness

After the Mianchi meeting, Because of Lin Xiangru's hard work and outstanding contributions to the State of Zhao, he was named Shangqing, ranking above Lianpo.

Lian Po said: "I am a general of the State of Zhao, and I have made great achievements in sieges and field battles. Lin Xiangru only made some achievements through his eloquence, but his status is higher than mine. Besides, Xiangru originally He is a commoner, I feel ashamed, and I can't stand being under him." And he threatened: "When I meet Xiangru, I will definitely humiliate him." After hearing this, Xiangru refused to meet him. . Whenever Xiangru went to court, he often complained that he was ill and did not want to compete with Lian Po for ranking. Not long after, Xiangru went out and saw Lian Po from a distance in the carriage lane of Handan City. He ordered the driver to drive the car into the road without giving Lin Xiangru any space, but Lin Xiangru turned the car to avoid it.

So Lin Xiangru’s disciples came together to remonstrate bluntly: “The reason why we left our relatives to serve you is because we admire your noble integrity. Now you and Lian Po have the same official position, Mr. Lian said You are too afraid to avoid speaking evil words, and mediocre people are ashamed, let alone those who are generals!

We are worthless people, please! Let's say goodbye!" Lin Xiangru firmly persuaded them to stay and said, "Who do you think is more powerful than King Qin?" He replied, "General Lian can't compare with King Qin." Xiangru said, "With the power of King Qin, I am." But he dared to scold him in court and humiliate his officials. Although I am incompetent, would I be afraid of General Lian?

But I thought that the reason why the powerful Qin State did not dare to attack Handan City of Zhao State was that Because General Lian and I are here, the two tigers are bound to be unable to survive. The reason why I am tolerant is to put the national emergency first and personal grievances behind. "

Lin Xiangru’s words reached Lian Po’s ears. Lian Po calmed down and thought about it, and felt that he should not ignore the interests of the country just to gain a breath. So he took off his shirt, carried the thorn stick on his back, and went to Lin Xiangru's house to plead guilty. When Lin Xiangru saw Lian Po coming to plead guilty, he quickly came out to greet him warmly. From then on, the two of them became good friends and worked together to defend Zhao.

Mythical Stories

1. The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl

According to legend, the Weaver Girl was the daughter of the Jade Emperor and Yao Ji. After she saw the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, they fell in love at first sight. If they fall in love with each other, they will make a private life-long contract, but the laws of heaven do not allow men to have sex with women or fall in love privately.

So the Queen Mother demoted the morning glory to the human world and punished the Weaver Girl for constantly weaving brocade. The Weaver Girl often bursts into tears while sitting by the loom, but she will still weave the cloud brocade with all her heart, in order to win the Queen Mother's mercy and let the morning glory return to heaven as soon as possible. One day, several fairies saw that Weaver Girl was depressed all day long, so they begged the Queen Mother to let them go to the green lotus pond in the human world.

The Queen Mother was in a good mood and agreed to their request. It is said that after Cowherd was demoted to the mortal world, he was born into a farmer's family and was named "Cowherd". Because his parents died young, his brother and sister-in-law treated the Cowherd very harshly, so the Cowherd lived with an old cow. As everyone knows, this old cow is the Taurus star that was demoted to the human world by the Queen Mother when she interceded for the Altair.

One day, Lao Niu suddenly said to the Cowherd: "You go to the Bilian Pond today. There are some fairies taking a bath there. You hide the red fairy clothes. The master will become your wife." Seeing that the old cow could talk, the Cowherd knew that it was a magical creature, so he did as the old cow said. The owner of the red fairy clothes was Weaver Girl. Although Cowherd could not remember Weaver Girl, Weaver Girl recognized him as Cowherd.

So, the Weaver Girl agreed to the Cowherd's proposal, and the two got married and began a happy life. Soon, they gave birth to a son and a daughter. However, the good times did not last long. The Queen Mother knew about this and quickly sent heavenly soldiers and generals to capture Weaver Girl and bring her back to heaven.

On this day, the Weaver Girl was cooking, and the Cowherd who came back from the field told her: "The old cow is dead, and he asked me to peel off its skin, and I can fly to the sky with it in an emergency." After hearing this, the Weaver Girl naturally understood what the old cow meant, and asked the Cowherd to peel off the cowhide and bury the old cow. Just then, a strong wind blew, and Weaver Girl was taken away by the heavenly soldiers and generals.

When the Cowherd saw this, he quickly put on the old cow's skin and placed a pair of baskets on the peach, with a pair of their children sitting in the baskets. Just as he was about to catch up with the Weaver Girl, the Queen Mother arrived just in time. When she saw this, she pulled out the golden hairpin from her head and drew it between the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. Suddenly, a rolling Milky Way lay between the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.

The Cowherd and his two children were crying on one side of the Tianhe River, while the Weaver Girl on the other side of the Tianhe River looked at her husband and children and cried hoarsely. The Queen Mother was also moved by this scene, so she let the Cowherd and the two children stay in the sky, allowing them to meet at Magpie Bridge only on July 7th every year. Now, among the stars in the autumn night sky, we can still see two larger and bright stars on both sides of the Milky Way. These are Vega and Altair. There are also two small stars on both sides of Altair. This is the pair of sons and daughters of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.

2. Nuwa created man

After the creation of the world, there were the sun, moon and stars in the sky, mountains, rivers, vegetation, and even birds, beasts, insects, and fish on the earth. But only There are no humans. This world, no matter how you describe it, can't help but seem a bit desolate and lonely.

I don’t know when a goddess with great supernatural powers appeared, called Nuwa. It is said that she can change seventy times a day. One day, the great goddess Nuwa was walking in this vast wilderness. She looked at the surrounding scenery and felt very lonely. She felt that something should be added into this world to make it full of life. What should be added into it?

Walking and walking, she got a little tired and accidentally squatted down next to a pool. The clear water reflected her face and figure; she smiled, and the shadows in the water smiled at her; she pretended to be angry, and the shadows in the water also smiled at her. She suddenly had an idea: "Although there are all kinds of creatures in the world, there are no creatures like myself, so why not create a creature like myself to join the world?"

Thinking about it, she dug up a ball of yellow mud from the edge of the pool, mixed it with water, and kneaded it into a ball in her hands, and kneaded it into the first little doll-like thing.

She put the little thing on the ground. Strangely enough, this little clay creature came to life as soon as it touched the ground, and shouted: "Mom!" Then he jumped and cheered happily, indicating that he had gained the joy of life.

Nuwa looked at this smart and beautiful creature she had created with her own hands, and heard the cry of "Mom". She couldn't help but be filled with joy and smile. She gave her beloved child a name, "Human" ".

Although the human body is small, it is said that because it was created by God, its appearance and behavior are somewhat like God, and are different from flying birds and crawling beasts. In this way, it seems that there is an extraordinary spirit to manage the universe.

Nuwa is very satisfied with her work. So she continued to do her work. She made many cute little people out of yellow clay that could talk and walk. These little people were jumping and cheering around her, which made her feel indescribably happy and comforted. From then on, she no longer felt alone or lonely.

She worked, worked, until the sunset filled the sky, and the stars and the moon cast their dim light. It was late at night, so she just put her head on the cliff and slept for a while. The next day, when it was dawn, she hurriedly got up and continued working.

She is determined to fill the earth with these sensitive little creatures. However, the earth is too big after all. She has worked for a long time and has not reached her wish, and she is exhausted.

Finally, she came up with a wonderful way to create humans. She pulled a withered vine down from the cliff, stretched it into a quagmire, and stirred it into a thick yellow mud. She splashed it on the ground, and where the mud splashed, many small people appeared, screaming and jumping. The child looks exactly the same as the little man kneaded from yellow clay previously. The shouts of "Mom" and "Mom" echoed around.

Using this method to work is really simple and hassle-free. With a wave of the cane, many living people appeared, and soon the ground was covered with human traces. Although there are humans on the earth, Nuwa's work has not ended. She thought again: People are going to die. After one group dies, another group will be created? This would be too much trouble. How can they continue to survive? This is a difficult problem.

Later she finally came up with a way, which was to divide the little people into men and women, let the men and women work together, and let them create their own offspring. In this way, human beings have continued from generation to generation, and are increasing day by day.

3. Wu Gang's Conquest of Gui

Wu Gang from Nantianmen is very close to Chang'e in the Moon, but he often neglects his duties because of his meetings with Chang'e. When the Jade Emperor found out, he was furious and ordered Wu Gang to go to the moon and chop down a big tree called laurel. If Wu Gang didn't chop down all the laurel trees, he would not be able to return to Nantianmen or meet Chang'e.

Wu Gang cut down the laurel tree. Wu Gang cut it down, cut it down, from winter to summer, for half a year. When he saw that the tree was about to be cut down, the Jade Emperor sent a crow to the laurel tree, "swish" With a sound, Wu Gang took away the coat hanging on the tree.

Wu Gang immediately put down his ax and chased the crow. After recovering the clothes, Wu Gang returned to the tree and saw that all the branches and leaves that had been cut had grown back on the tree. So, from then on, whenever Wu Gang was about to chop down all the branches and leaves of the osmanthus tree, the crow would stand on the tree and scream "Wow!" Wu Gang only had to stop his ax and look at it, and the tree would grow branches and leaves again.

In this way, year after year, Wu Gang could not cut down the laurel tree. And only on August 16th every year, a leaf falls from the moon to the ground. Whichever family is the most diligent will have golden leaves floating to them, and that family will have endless wealth.

4. Nezha Naohai

The wife of Li Jing, the commander-in-chief of Chentangguan, gave birth to a fleshy ball after three years and six months of pregnancy. Suddenly there was a bright light, and a boy jumped out of it. Li Jing was unhappy, but a Taoist priest named Taiyi Zhenren came to congratulate him. He named the child Nezha and accepted him as his disciple. He gave him two treasures on the spot: the Qiankun Circle and the Huntian Ling.

When Nezha was seven years old, there was a drought and the earth was cracking. The Dragon King of the East China Sea refused to drop any water, and even ordered Yaksha to go to the seaside and rob boys and girls. Nezha acted bravely and beat Yaksha to death with the Qiankun Circle. He also killed Ao Bing, the son of the Dragon King, who came for reinforcements. The Dragon King went to the Heavenly Palace to complain, but was beaten half to death by Nezha on the way. So, the Dragon King of the East China Sea invited three brothers to discuss a revenge plan.

The next day, the Dragon King of the Four Seas led his sailors and generals to make trouble and flood Chentangguan?, and asked Li Jing to hand over Nezha before he would withdraw his troops. Nezha wanted to fight back, but Li Jing stopped him and took away Nezha's two magic weapons. Nezha stood up and committed suicide in grief and anger for the safety of the people in the city. Afterwards, Master Taiyi borrowed lotus flowers and fresh lotus roots as his body to revive Nezha. After the resurrection, Nezha held a fire-tipped spear and stepped on a hot wheel, causing trouble in the Dragon Palace, defeating the Dragon King, and eliminating harm for the people.

5. Kuafu Chasing the Sun

In ancient times, in the northern wilderness, there was a majestic mountain that towered into the clouds. Deep in the mountains and forests, there lived a group of powerful giants. Their leader is the grandson of "Houtu", the god of the underworld, and the son of "Xin", named Kuafu. Therefore, this group of people is called the Kuafu tribe. They are strong, tall, strong-willed and extraordinary in spirit.

He is also kind-hearted, hard-working and brave, and lives a carefree and carefree life.

At that time, the land was desolate, poisonous snakes and beasts were rampant, and people's lives were miserable. In order to enable the people of his tribe to survive, Kuafu led his people to fight against scourges every day. Kuafu often hung the ferocious yellow snakes he caught as decorations on his ears and waved them in his hands, feeling proud of them.

One year the weather was very hot. The scorching sun shone directly on the earth, killing crops, scorching trees, and drying up rivers. The heat was unbearable, and people from the Kuafu tribe died one after another. Kuafu was very sad to see this scene. He looked up at the sun and told his tribe: "The sun is really hateful. I will catch up with the sun, catch it, and let it obey people's commands." After hearing this, the tribesmen tried to dissuade him.

Some people said: "You must not go, the sun is so far away from us, you will die of exhaustion." Some people said: "The sun is so hot, you will be baked to death." "

Kuafu made up his mind and vowed to catch the sun and make it obey people's instructions and serve everyone. He looked at the miserable tribesmen and said, "For the sake of everyone's happy life, I must go."

The sun had just risen from the sea. Kuafu bid farewell to his tribe, and with great ambitions, he left from the East China Sea. He walked towards the direction of the rising sun, took long strides to chase after him, and began his journey day by day. The sun moved rapidly in the sky, and Kuafu chased and chased on the ground like a strong wind. He passed through mountains and rivers, and the earth was shaken by his footsteps and swayed back and forth.

When Kuafu was tired from running, he took a nap and shook the dirt in his shoes to the ground, forming a big mountain of dirt. When he was hungry, he would pick wild fruits to satisfy his hunger. Sometimes Kuafu would also cook. He used three stones to hold the pot, and these three stones became three mountains standing on a tripod, several thousand meters high.

Kuafu ran after the sun. Seeing that he was getting closer and closer to the sun, his confidence became stronger and stronger. The closer we get to the sun, the more thirsty we become. We can no longer quench our thirst by holding water from the river. However, he was not afraid and kept encouraging himself, "Soon, we will catch up with the sun, and people's lives will be happy."

After nine days and nine nights, where the sun sets, Kuafu finally caught up with it. The red, hot fireball was right in front of Kuafu's eyes, and thousands of golden lights bathed his body.

Kuafu opened his arms with great joy and wanted to hug the sun, but the sun was extremely hot and Kuafu felt thirsty and tired. He ran to the Yellow River and drank up all the water in the Yellow River in one breath; he ran to the Weihe River again and drank all the water in the Weihe River, but still could not quench his thirst; Kuafu ran north again, where there was a huge river stretching thousands of miles across. Ze, the water in Daze is enough for Kuafu to quench his thirst.

However, before Kuafu reached Daze, he died of thirst on the way. When Kuafu was dying, his heart was full of regrets. He still cared about his people, so he threw the wooden stick in his hand. Where the wooden stick landed, a large lush peach forest suddenly grew. This peach forest is lush all year round, providing shade for passers-by, and the fresh peaches produced quench the thirst of hard-working people, allowing them to eliminate fatigue and embark on their journey with energy.