Is there really Zhuge Liang in history?

Landlord, Zhuge Liang is a real person.

was a strategist of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period.

The following is a brief introduction about Zhuge Liang:

[Edit this paragraph] A brief introduction to Zhuge Liang

Zhuge Liang (181.4.14 ~ 234.8.28), born in Wolong, Han nationality, Langxie Yangdu (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), prime minister of Shu and Han, was an outstanding politician, diplomat and inventor in the Three Kingdoms period.

When he was alive, he was named Hou of Wuxiang, and he was called Zhong Wuhou.

Personal information of Zhuge Liang (Tang Guoqiang) in the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Body: 8 feet long (about 1.84 meters), with a great appearance, different people (from Chen Shou's Collection of Zhuge Liang, See the contents attached to the biography of Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms)

Alias: Zhu Gekongming

Official position: Prime Minister led a captain of Sili, Yizhou Pastoral Record, Shangshu Holiday

Title: Wuxiang Hou

Ancestor: Zhuge Feng (a captain of Sili in Han Dynasty)

Father: Zhuge Jue (Taishan County Cheng in the late Eastern Han Dynasty) Birthday

Brother: Zhu Gejin (brother) Zhuge Jun (younger brother)

Children: Zhuge Zhan (parent-child) Zhuge Qiao (adopted son, former son of Zhu Gejin) Zhuge Yun (fictional character)

grandson; Zhuge Shang (looking for the eldest son) Zhuge Jing (looking for the second son) Zhuge Pan (Qiao Zi, who was later returned to Zhu Gejin because of Zhuge Ke's conviction)

Great-grandson: Zhuge Xian (climbing the son)

devoted himself to Nanyang

In the second year of Jian 'an (AD 197), Zhuge Xuan died.

Zhuge Liang and his younger brother are farming in Longzhong.

Zhuge Liang likes to recite the songs of Liang Fu on weekdays, and often compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. At that time, people didn't think much of him, only his friends Xu Shu, Cui Zhouping, Meng Jian and Shi Tao believed in his talent.

people call it "Wolong".

He made friends with Si Mahui, Pang Degong, Huang Chengyan and other famous people in Jingzhou at that time.

Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang, "Wen Jun chooses his wife; There are ugly women with yellow heads and black heads, but they are worthy of matching.

I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can match you.

) "Zhuge Liang promised this marriage and married her immediately.

At that time, people used it as a joke for fun. There was even a proverb in the village: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, you will get an ugly girl."

Longzhong vs.

At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed troops in a new field.

Later, when I visited Si Mahui, I heard him say, "Confucian scholars and common people,

don't you know the current affairs when you look at the cottage? He who knows the times cares about Junjie.

there are Wolong and Feng Chu.

(Those Confucian scholars are all people with shallow knowledge, how can they understand the current affairs situation? It is a hero to be able to understand the current affairs and situation.

At this time, there are only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong).

) Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted to be introduced by Xu Shu, but Xu Shu said, "You can meet this person, but you can't compromise.

General should take care of it in vain.

(This person can go to see him, but you can't make him condescend here.

General should condescend to visit each other.

)

Liu Bei went to visit Zhuge Liang himself, only to see him three times (three times, another way of saying it is many times). Liu Bei told the others to avoid him and asked Zhuge Liang, "The Han Dynasty is ruined, the traitor stole his life, and the Lord is covered with dust."

I don't know what I can do, and I want to believe (extend) the righteousness in the world, but my wisdom is short, so I use it rampant. As for today.

however, your ambition has not yet been fulfilled. Do you mean that the plan will come out safely? Nowadays, the Han Dynasty is declining, and the treacherous court official is doing things under the guise of imperial orders. The emperor has been forced to move the capital many times and suffered from the wind and dust.

I don't have the ability to measure my virtue and ability. I want to revive the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy are short and insufficient, so I often fail until today.

But my ambition is still unsettled. Do you have any strategies to help me? ) "Liang replied:" Since Dong Zhuo has come, heroes have risen together, and there are countless people who have crossed the state and even joined the county.

compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao has a small name but few people.

however, if you exercise, you will be able to overcome adversity, and the weak will be the strong. It is not only the right time, but also the suppression of others.

Now Cao Cao has a million people, and he is a vassal with the help of the Emperor. It is sincere not to fight with him.

Sun Quan has been in Jiangdong for three generations. The country is in danger and the people are attached to it. The sage can use it. This can be for aid but not for profit.

Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, connecting Wuhui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country of martial arts, but its master can't keep it, so it's almost natural to be a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile fields are thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu an emperor.

Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich in wealth but don't know how to care for them, and the wise people think of wise men.

the general is the emperor's palace, and his loyalty is all over the world. He is a master of heroes, and he is thirsty for wisdom. If he has the advantages and benefits, he will protect his rock resistance, and he will help the troops in the west and the troops in the south. He will have a good relationship with Sun Quan on the outside and repair his politics in the inside.

If the world changes, a general will be ordered to lead the army of Jingzhou to Wan, Luo, and Yizhou to Qinchuan. Who dares to welcome the general without eating the kettle pulp? If this is the case, the hegemony can be achieved and the Han Dynasty can flourish.

"(Zhuge Liang then told him about the three-point plan of the world, and analyzed the situation that Cao Cao was not desirable (relying on the emperor to make the princes) and Sun Quan could help; It also expounds that the monarchies of Jing and Yi are weak, and only by owning these two States can they win, which shows the necessity and possibility of capturing these two States. He also told Liu Bei about the strategy of attacking the Central Plains.

This theory was later called "Longzhong Dui" (Longzhong is still controversial, and it is said that the cottage is right), but Liu Bei praised it even more, so Zhuge Liang began to serve Liu Bei.

Liu Bei often talks with him, and his relationship is getting closer.

Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were greatly displeased, and Liu Bei explained to them, "There is Kong Ming in solitude, but there is water in fish.

I hope you will not say anything again.

"Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped complaining.

Talking about Crossing the River

At that time, due to the influence of Liu Qi's stepmother, Liu Biao became increasingly unhappy with Liu Qi.

Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang several times for the technique of self-defense, but Zhuge Liang often refused, and Liu Qi used the method of going to the house to take the ladder at a banquet to make Zhuge Liang tell the solution. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi, "Don't you see that Shen Sheng is in danger inside, and Zhong Er is safe outside? You are in danger without seeing Shen Sheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, but can Zhong Er (referring to Jin Wengong) be safe outside? ) "Liu Qi know what he means, just Huang Zu was killed by Sun Jun, Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia satrap.

in August 28, Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son, Liu cong, succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news of Cao Cao's going south, he sent an envoy to surrender.

Liu Bei fled south with his troops and people when Fan Cheng knew about it. Cao Jun caught up with Liu Jun in Changban, Dangyang, and Cao Shu's mother was captured by Cao Cao's army, so Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao.

Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, and before Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation, and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chai Sang, and Zhuge Liang became friends with Lu Su.

After arriving in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan, and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy: "If you can compete with China with the people of Wu and Yue, it is better to give it up as early as possible (if you can compete with the country of the Central Plains with the people of Wu and Yue, it is better to break diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as early as possible.

）”； Another option is to goad, "if not, why not put the case in the north and do it!" If you think you can't resist it, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north! "North" has a double meaning here: one is that Cao Cao was in the north; The second is that when the monarch and the minister meet, the officials usually face the north.

) "

Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender.

Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's social status, saying that Liu Bei had integrity and would never surrender to show Sun Quan Liu Bei's determination.

Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei had left to fight.

Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 1, soldiers returning from the army and Guan Yu's water army, plus Liu Qifan's Jiangxia soldiers were no less than 1,. Then he said that Cao Jun was exhausted from afar, chased Liu Beishi, and traveled more than 3 miles a day and a night with a light bicycle. It was "a spent force, and it was impossible to cross the road"; Moreover, northerners don't learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, not to be convinced; Finally, it is certain that Cao Cao can be defeated.

Sun Quan was very happy. Later, after being lobbied by Lu Su and Zhou Yu, he decided to unite Liu against Cao.

Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su and others were sent to lead 3, water troops to fight against Cao Cao.

Zhuge Liang went back to Liu Bei with the army.

in November, Cao Cao was defeated in Chibi and returned to the north.

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan in December, appointed and dismissed Zhuge Liang as a corps commander, and lived in Linxuan, and ordered Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha to adjust taxes and enrich military assets.

In 211, Liu Zhang, a priest in Yizhou, asked Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu.

Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others guarded Jingzhou.

By December of next year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu.

Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Sichuan to help out, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense, dividing troops to pacify the counties, and forming a capital with Liu Bei.

in 214, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei entered Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received 5 Jin of gold, 1, Jin of silver, 5 million yuan and 1, pieces of brocade, and was appointed as a military adviser and general, who was in charge of the general's office.

Every time Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu, providing sufficient food and clothing for Liu Bei. For example, in the battle of Hanzhong, he provided resources for Liu Bei.

in 22, Cao pi usurped the throne of Han and stood on his own two feet.

in 221, the ministers heard the news of the murder of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and advised Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to become emperor. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to become emperor.

so Liu Bei agreed to let Zhuge Liang record the history of the prime minister and take a holiday.

in the same year, Zhang Fei died, and Zhuge Liang took the post of a captain of the sili.

Entrust an orphan

In August, 222,

Liu Bei, an orphan entrusted by the White Emperor, was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou in the East Expedition, and retreated to Yong 'an. Zhuge Liang lamented that Fa was passing away, otherwise Liu Bei's East Expedition would have been stopped.

in February of 223, Liu Bei was seriously ill, and called Zhuge Liang to Yong' an to entrust the affairs with Li Yan. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to secure the country, and you will eventually achieve great things.

if the adopted son can help, help; If he is incompetent, you can take it yourself.

(Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle the country and achieve great things in the end.

If the adopted son (Liu Chan) can help, help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself.

) "Zhuge Liang said with tears:" I dare to use my strength to fulfill the festival of loyalty and then die! I will do my best to serve the faithful solar terms until I die! ) "Liu Bei asked Liu Chan to regard Zhuge Liang as his father.

in April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and opening a government office.

Soon, Liu Chan will rely on Zhuge Liang to take charge of Yizhou's animal husbandry and political affairs, and it will be decided by Zhuge Liang.

originally, the south-central region took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's crushing defeat. Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi and Marco to Dongwu to repair it because the country had just lost its monarch.

south expedition

until the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led an army to south expedition. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Liang a gold cymbal and a curved cover, and Yu Bao preached one before and after, with 6 samurai.

Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: barren is today's northern territory of Myanmar, bhamo) to fight against Yong Lv and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang took the advice of joining the army in Ma Su, focusing on attacking the heart, first defeating Yong Lv's army, then capturing Meng Huo seven times, and putting down all the chaos in the autumn (see Zhuge Liang's southern expedition for details).

after the Shu Han settled down in the south China and got some supplementary troops, after a long period of accumulation, they had the foundation of the Northern Expedition.

Northern Expedition-Six Movements out of Qishan

1. In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang raised his voice in advance and took the inclined valley road to get the reward, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi set up suspected soldiers to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops and led his own army to attack Qishan (northwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province).

Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties in Longyou were against Wei and attached to Shu.

Zhang He refused, and Ma Su was defeated in the street pavilion.

Zhuge Liang returned to Hanzhong with more than a thousand families from Baxi County.

this is the first time to leave Qishan.

2. In the winter of the same year (228), Zhuge Liang went out of Sanguan (now southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) and surrounded Chencang (east of Baoji City). He ran out of food and returned it to Hanzhong.

Wei chased Wang Shuanglai and was beheaded.

3. In the spring of 229, the seventh year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (around Chengxian County in Gansu Province) and Yinping (around Wenxian County in Gansu Province today).

Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, led troops to rescue him. He came out to Jianwei (west of Xihe County, Gansu Province) and Guo Huai retreated.

hence the second county.

4. In the autumn of the eighth year of Jianxing (23), Wei Jun attacked Hanzhong, Sima Yi went to Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang County, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He went to Ziwu Valley, and Cao Zhen went to Xiegu.

Zhuge Liang was stationed in Chenggu (now east of Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Akasaka (2 miles east of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province).

when it rains, Wei Jun retreats.

In the same year (23), Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu Yixi into Qiang, and defeated Fei Yao, the general after Wei Dynasty, and Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, in Yangxi (in Nan 'an County, in the southwest of Wushan, Gansu Province).

5. In February of the 9th year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang led a great army to attack Qishan, and only then did he get lucky.

At that time, Cao Zhen was seriously ill, and Sima Yi was in charge of the generals in Guanzhong.

Zhuge Liang cut wheat in Shangguan (Tianshui County, Gansu Province).

Sima Yi chased Liang to Lucheng (between Tianshui City and Gangu), dug up the camp and held on to it, so he was ridiculed as "fearing Shu as a tiger".

In May, Sima Yi fought with Zhuge Liang, and Wei Yan and others will capture the enemy's armor with 3, ranks, 5, armor and 3,1 crossbows.

in June, Li Yan called Liang Liang back for lack of grain transportation.

Zhang He chased Liang back to the wooden door and was shot dead.

this is the second exit from Qishan.

6. In February of the 12th year of Jianxing (234), Zhuge Liang led a large army out of Xiegu Road and settled in Weibin according to Wuzhangyuan (now south of Qishan, Shaanxi Province).

Sima yi can't keep it.

In August, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan.

Yang Yi and others led the army back, and there was something about "Zhuge died and Zhong Da was born".

During these six times, I went out of Qishan only twice.

The fourth battle was defensive, and Shu and Wei did not fight.

[Edit this paragraph] Chronology of Zhuge Liang

Age, life and deeds in A.D.

Guanghe was born in Yangdu (now yinan county, Shandong) on April 14th of the lunar calendar in A.D. 181.

Zhuge Liang in Three Kingdoms 11

Zhang, Zhuge Liang's biological mother, died at the age of 9 in 189.

Chu Ping died at the age of 12 in 192.

At the age of 14 in the first year of Xingping, Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

in 195, Xingping was 15 years old, and Zhuge Xuan, uncle of Zhuge Liang, was appointed as the prefect of Yuzhang. He and his sister-in-law went to Yuzhang (now Nanchang) with his uncle.

Zhuge Xuan died at the age of 17 in 1997 in the second year of Jian 'an.

Zhuge Liang and his younger siblings moved to Nanyang (now Wollongong, Nanyang)