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(Born in Rio de Janeiro on February 28th, 1915, Brazil died in London, England on October 2nd, 1987). Brazilian-born British zoologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine from Sir Frank MacFarlane Bernitt in 196 paved the way for organ and tissue transplantation for developing countries and proved the theory and model of acquired immune tolerance. Medawar was born in Brazil and moved to England as a young boy. In 1935, he received a degree in Zoology from Magdalen College, Oxford University, and in 1938, he became a researcher at the college. During World War II, he studied tissue transplantation, especially skin grafting, in the Burn Department of Glasgow Royal Hospital in Scotland. This work made him realize that transplant rejection is an immune response. After the war, Medawar continued his research and transplanted the lessons learned from the work of Frank McFarland Burnett, who first gained advanced immune tolerance theory. According to this hypothesis, in early embryonic development and shortly after birth, vertebrates develop the ability to distinguish between substances belonging to their bodies and those with foreigners. This idea contradicts the view that vertebrates are capable of inheriting this concept. When Medawar lent it to support Bernitt's theory, he found that twin brothers and cows received each other's skin transplants, which indicated that some antigenic substances were called "leakage" from each pair of embryo yolk sacs to other paths. In experiments on mice, his evidence shows that although each animal cell contains certain genes that determine the important immune process, tolerance can also be acquired, because the recipient, as a donor, will receive body parts from donors in various organizations and from the donor's twin brother. Medawar's work has led to a shift in immunology focus to a scientific hypothesis, an all-round development of immune mechanism, and an attempt to change one's own immune mechanism, such as trying to suppress human organ transplant rejection. Medawar is a professor of zoology, University of Birmingham (1947-1951) and University College London (1951-1962), director of the Institute of Medicine, London (1962-1971), professor of experimental medicine in the Royal Society (1977-1983), president and the Royal Graduate School of Medicine (1981-1987). He was knighted with the Medal of Honor in 1965 and 1981. Medawar's works include the uniqueness of the individual (1957), the future of man (1959), the art of solubility (1967), the hope of progress (1972), life science (1977), Pluto's * * * and China (1982), and his autobiography and memoir, Thinking Radish (1986). It's very good. You can try

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