Why did Sun Quan lend Jingzhou to Liu Bei?

After the Battle of Chibi, the seven counties of Jingzhou that military strategists fought for were divided between Liu Bei, Cao Cao, and Sun Quan. Cao Cao occupied the largest Nanyang County in the north of Jingzhou, Sun Quan lost Jiangxia County and Nan County, and Liu Bei lost the four southern counties of Jingzhou. counties (Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang, Wuling). Liu Bei's military garrison was not conducive to development, so he asked Sun Quan twice to return Nanjun in Jingzhou. Dongwu Lusu persuaded Sun Quan to temporarily lend Nanjun to Liu Bei, so Liu Bei had five counties in Jingzhou (Nanjun, Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang, Wuling), fought against Cao Cao in the north, fought against Sun Quan in the east, and gained Yizhou (now Sichuan), establishing the foundation of the Shu Han Dynasty.

In 208, Cao Cao led his army southward, Liu Biao died in shock, and his second son Liu Cong surrendered. Liu Bei had no choice but to retreat to Jiangling in Nanjun (today's Jingzhou City, Hubei Province). He was chased by Cao Cao's cavalry at Dangyang Changban. Liu Bei fled south in a hurry and retreated to Xiakou in Jiangxia County (today's Wuchang, Hubei Province), where he met Liu Biao's eldest son Liu Qi. Together, there are about 20,000 troops on land and water. This is his entire family fortune. In the ensuing Battle of Chibi, the desperate Liu Bei and Jiangdong's Sun Quan combined forces to defeat Cao Cao with less and more. Cao Cao was defeated and fled together, and the allied forces of Sun and Liu pursued him from Jiangxia to Nanjun. At this time, the situation in the seven counties of Jingzhou is: Cao Cao still controls the entire county of Nanyang and a small part of Jiangxia, Liu Bei occupies Jiangxia and the south part of Nanjun, Sun Quan captures the remaining part of Jiangxia and north of Jiangxia, and starts a tug of war with Cao's army in the north part of Nanjun. War, the four counties in the south of the Yangtze River took a wait-and-see attitude. Before the Three Kingdoms appeared, the three parties first established a small Three Kingdoms in Jingzhou.

After Zhou Yu's death, Lu Su of Soochow, based on policy considerations, strongly advised Sun Quan to "lend" part of Jingzhou occupied by Soochow to Liu Bei, so that Liu Bei could gain a firm foothold and resist Cao Cao together with Soochow. Sun Quan was right to think about it, so he "lent" Nanjun in Jingzhou to Liu Bei. On the one hand, Liu Bei was allowed to serve as a policy outpost against Cao Cao, and on the other hand, he used it to signal hostility to Liu Bei.

Liu Bei was the biggest beneficiary of the Chibi War and the biggest upstart after the war. After the war, Liu Bei actually left the war with Cao Jun. Taking advantage of the short-lived battle between Sun Quan and Cao Cao in Nanjun, he led his troops south and captured the four counties in the south of the Yangtze River. Finally, he had a piece of land. After a year of decisive battles, Sun Quan occupied the Jiangbei part of Nanjun, while Cao Cao only owned Xiangyang (today's Xiangyang, Hubei Province) of Nanjun. At this time, on the thousands-mile front line in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Cao Cao and Sun Quan were in a unilateral standoff.

Cao Cao advanced to Hanzhong. Liu Bei was worried about losing Yizhou and sent an envoy to ask for surrender. Sun Quan was also worried that it would be difficult for him to win, so the two families separated Jingzhou again, with the Xiang River as the boundary: Changsha and Jiangxia The east of the three counties of Guiyang and Guiyang belonged to Sun Quan; the west of Nanjun, Lingling and Wuling belonged to Liu Bei. Liu Bei and Sun Quan each occupied three counties. In this way, Liu Bei not only "returned" a county, but also gave up a county. Liu Bei dealt with the conflict in Jingzhou, competed with Cao Cao for Hanzhong, and occupied Hanzhong in 219 (the 24th year of Jian'an). In July of that year, he called himself the King of Hanzhong.

Sun Quan lent Jingzhou to Liu Bei, which was a most profitable business: Sun Quan was able to expand his military strength and defend the central areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, while also giving Liu Bei a favor; Liu Bei of course had to face Cao Cao again This troublesome old enemy has lost most of Nanjun, especially the military fortress of Jiangling in Nanjun. The east can restrain Sun Quan's power from going up the river, and the north can threaten China at the closest distance and invade Yizhou (today's Yizhou) in the west. The opening of schools in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou provinces is really a great deal. No wonder Cao Cao was so frightened when he heard the news that the pen in his hand fell to the ground. From then on, Liu Bei from the seven counties of Jingzhou accounted for almost 65%, becoming the third force that influenced China at that time. This is the true reason why Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou.

At the initiative of Sima Yi and others, Cao Cao combined with Sun Quan of Soochow and asked Sun Quan to wait for an opportunity to attack Guan Yu's front line in Jingzhou. Guan Yu's front line in Jingzhou was strong, giving Soochow Lu Meng no chance to take advantage. Finally, at the end of 219, Guan Yu defeated Maicheng and lost Jingzhou, a strategically important place.

Guan Yu's fault was not to attack Fancheng from the north, but to fail to prevent Sun Quan from violating the covenant and not paying attention to stabilizing his front line, so that he lost Jingzhou, a strategic location!

The most dangerous thing is that after attacking Jingzhou, if If Liu Bei forces troops from all over Shu to seek revenge, Sun Wu's entire army will have to fight against Liu Bei in western Hubei and eastern Sichuan. Cao Wei will be like fishing in troubled waters and may destroy Wu. When Liu Bei's army pressed the border, Sun Quan surrendered to Cao Wei. Liu Ye, the minister of Cao Wei, advised Cao Pi not to accept his surrender, saying: "(Wu and Shu) attack each other, and heaven will destroy them. It is better to send out a large army to attack it, and Shu will attack outside." , I attacked it, and Wu was destroyed within ten months. "(Volume 14) Sun Quan's fate was really good. At this time, Cao Cao had just died. Cao Pi lacked the talent and courage to unify China and did not accept this initiative. Soochow. Only then could it be preserved. Lu Su was already dead during the attack, but he had close friends in Soochow and was aware of this risk; even if he did not see it during the attack, no one could fail to see this risk when Liu Bei sent troops.

After capturing Jingzhou, Liu Bei sent troops, and Sun Quan humbled himself and offered treasures to Cao Pi. Cao Pi sent Xing Zhen (an unknown junior) to Soochow to confer a title. Sun Quan came out to greet him, but Xing Zhen could not get out of the car. Wu general Xu Sheng was so angry that he burst into tears

In order to persuade the first group of people who have a policy vision and appease the second group of people who are angry because he surrendered to Cao Wei, Sun Quan's best way is to make the crime of sniping at Jingzhou Put it all on Liu Bei's head and blame Liu Bei for being a villain. In this way, there is Sun's statement quoted later, saying that Lu Su lent Jingzhou to Liu Bei. Since it was borrowed, it was reasonable to take it back, but the fault was that Liu Bei should not have paid it back. Whether this can appease those people is not clear, but it makes sense logically.

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