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Brief introduction of Li Guan

Li Guan

Li Guan (1601-1676) is from Heyang, Shaanxi. When he was a student, he was crowned Sanqin with literary fame and was called a gifted scholar. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, they crossed the river to become monks in Shanxi and then returned to China. The official of the Qing court looked for a visit, but he avoided it. He wrote a couplet outside the door: "How can the breeze blow me? The moonlight does not shine on people." People who hate defection and dishonesty are often ridiculed by poetry. In order to avoid disaster, he sneaked into Huashan to collect herbs, sometimes begging in the street in Taoist clothes and wandering for more than 30 years. In his later years, he returned to his hometown, dug caves under Ruoluo Mountain, and cultivated more than ten acres of land for a living. His works are rich and his poems are clear and strange, but he doesn't want to lose too much. His only works handed down from generation to generation are The Story of Guangling Dike, The Unfinished Man Who Mocked Comrades, and several inscriptions. Together with the old artists, he carried out a series of major reforms in Heyang puppet show from music to stage performance art, and personally wrote the script (now lost), which made the puppet show full of "mourning for the Ming Dynasty" and was praised as "hanging the line" and "hanging" in the world. The story of Li Guan's fearlessness of rape, upholding justice, wit and wisdom, and being good at fighting evil is widely known among women and children in Heyang.

Chinese name: Li Guan.

Alias: If the word is in the direction, the number is attached to the wall.

Nationality: China (Ming Dynasty)

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Heyang, Shaanxi

Date of birth: 160 1 year

Date of death: 1676

Occupation: Hermit, writer

Faith: Confucianism

Representative works: The Story of Guangling Dike, The Man Who Mocks Comrades, etc.

Famous saying: How can the breeze blow me? When does the bright moon not shine on people?

outline

In the sixth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1633), he raised his hand while following the example of the same city. Deeply influenced by the decay of the Zhu Ming dynasty, he never became an official all his life. When the Qing soldiers entered the Central Plains, he became attached to Lu Yuanzuo and others, wrote poems in Taihua area to woo seclusion, sang songs and cried mountains, and missed the Ming Dynasty. With gu, Fu Shan, etc. Plan to transfer troops against the Qing Dynasty. After living at home for more than 30 years. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Jinshui River, Nanruluoshan, Heyang County. The couplet on the door reads: "How can the breeze blow me? The bright moon does not shine on people! "

Li Guan's works are very rich. Carnation collected his lost prose and lost poems into two volumes, namely, Collection of Mr. Xiang Ruo's Legacy and a volume of Xiang Ruo's Legacy. Today, there is only one volume of Poems of Fragrant Melody. Carnation's "Epitaph of Mr. Li Xiangruo" said: "For Zheng Wen's direct descent, Haishi Mountain runs, and Xiong Yi cannot be forced to see it; Poetry is open and straightforward, like a thousand pearls. " During his stay at home, he often stays among folk artists and writes plays for them. As far as we know, more than 30 plays have been written. Most of the contents have strong national thoughts and indomitable spirit of resistance.

Shen Jia in March (1644), Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park. He wrote the tears of Jingshan Park, expressing his grief for the Ming Dynasty and his strong dissatisfaction with the Qing soldiers entering the customs. At the same time, Li Zicheng showed his hatred for peasant rebels. Legend has it that his story is based on the story of Wei Tiandi, a local farmer, who rebelled against the Qing Dynasty. Because it exposed the cruel rule of the Qing court, it was banned. He also innovated the singing, modeling, facial makeup, costumes and line lifting skills of Heyang line cavity puppet show. Many small plays of folk life he created and revised advocated women's autonomy in marriage and opposed feudal ethics such as parents' orders and matchmakers' words. The content is healthy, full of life interest and local flavor. During the Revolution of 1911, his play Qi of the Seven Kingdoms was regarded as an important propaganda material, which shows that its ideological content and art are extraordinary. In the 15th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1676), he died at home. At the age of 76.

The story of Li Guan.

First, Yubo Pavilion

I went to Henan one year, ran out of money and couldn't go home, so I had to work as a helper for a rich man named Wang. Soon, the rich man built a new pavilion in the garden and wanted to write a plaque, so he invited Liu, the most famous local scholar, and said, "As long as you write well, there will be a lot of money to do pens." However, the plaque only needs to be engraved with three words, which also contains four meanings: my name is Wang. I used to be a cobbler, but later I became rich, and there was water in front of the pavilion. Please start writing, sir! "These conditions have stumped Liu. After living for a few days, I can't think of it. I can't eat good wine and food, so I have to have the cheek to ask the rich man to invite more scholars and we can discuss it together. So, the rich Wang Man invited five more scholars. These people usually talk about the moon, talk like a book and show off their elegance. But at the moment, when they listen to the rich man's conditions, they are all blindsided, their mouths are muddy, their beards are broken, their hair is scratched, and they scratch their ears and cheeks.

At this moment, Li Guan just came to deliver tea. Seeing the embarrassment of these people, he couldn't help laughing. Rich Wang Man saw that his servant dared to laugh at the literati he invited, and he couldn't help but say angrily, "What are you laughing at?" Can you work it out? Li Guan primly said, "I want to write one." When Wang Man, the rich man, saw that Li Guan was not afraid, he said, "If you can solve this problem, not only will the reward be yours, but you will also take the lead and everyone will take turns toasting; If I can't solve this problem, I will work for five years in vain! " Then repeat these conditions. Li Guan didn't answer, just smiled, then spread out the rice paper, dipped it in thick ink, and wrote the three characters "Jade Woman Pavilion". When everyone saw that he was doing something extraordinary, he secretly cheered. Wang Caizhu said, "Explain it first and see if it suits me." He said unhurriedly, "Your name is Wang, and adding something to Wang is to make up jade. If you have jade, won't you have money? The word "wave" is a leather word next to the three-point water, suggesting that you are a cobbler and there is water in front of the pavilion. I wonder if it meets your requirements? After listening to the explanation, everyone praised this question as a good question. Rich Wang Man thought he looked down on Li Guan, so he poured him a full glass of wine.

Second, a couplet shocked the magistrate.

In Qing Dynasty, Tongzhou Prefecture governed Hancheng, Heyang, Tongguan, hua county, Huayin, Dali, Baishui, Pucheng, Chengcheng and Chaoyi. After the new magistrate took office, he built a tall magistrate's yamen and wanted to carve one suitable for him at the entrance of the yamen. For this reason, he gathered many famous scholars, but none of the couplets he proposed liked. Knowing this, he issued a placard, which read: As long as you select couplets, you will be rewarded with twelve taels of silver. At this moment, Li Guan just came here. After reading it, he tore down the list. He was sent to see the magistrate. When the county magistrate saw this, he was furious and said, "Where are those unruly people who dare to pull the list of our yamen and give me 20 boards first?" Li Guan quickly said: "Why do you want to go back on your word when you are out of the list?" The county magistrate said, "Talented people must have good looks. You look like a beggar. How can there be any wonderful couplets? " Before he finished, Li Guan smiled and said, "You can't judge a book by its cover. How can you measure the sea? " ! Although Zhang in the Three Kingdoms is not handsome and talented, it is unwise for adults to judge people by their appearances. If I don't like it, I'll be responsible. What should I do if I like it? "The magistrate blushed when he saw his elegant speech and grand appearance, and immediately said," As long as you like, you will be rewarded in full. If you can write, double the money. "Said never put off till tomorrow what you can to send pen and ink. Li Guan did it without thinking. The first part is "Two Hua Guan Da Shui", the second part is "Three Cities Against Heyang", and the banner is "Ten Genus Governing Together". In this couplet, "two transformations" refer to Huaxian and Huayin, "Guan" refers to Tongguan, "Da" refers to Dali, "Water" refers to Baishui, "Three Cities" refers to Pucheng, Hancheng and Chengcheng, "Chao" refers to Chaoyi and Heyang, and * * * refers to ten counties. When the magistrate saw it, he clapped his hands and said, "This place is really beautiful! Two flowers are in harmony, and three cities are facing Yang! Not only are couplets wonderful, but ink is also an iron painting silver hook. There is only one cross, and all ten counties under the jurisdiction of this government are included. Even the banner of "Tongzhi Ten Genus" is embedded with the same words as the state capital. All right! All right! Wonderful! Wonderful! Excuse me, sir, what's your name? " Li Guan said with a smile, "People are called eighteen in the wild, so I don't want you to give me a ridiculous prize. My family is poor and I do it occasionally. Please accept the money. I dare not expect it. "The magistrate adults had to reward 220 taels of silver.

After Li Guan left, the county magistrate called the assembled literati, reprimanded them and showed them Li Guan's couplets. When one of them said it was Li Guan's handwriting, the judge thought, strangely, he said it was eighteen sons, so why not hire him as a customer attraction? Thought of here, immediately send someone to chase him back. Someone caught up with Li Guan and asked, "Are you Mr. Li Guan? My Lord, please welcome! Li Guan smiled and said, "Why am I Li Guan? Haven't you heard of Li Guan? " The messenger said, "I have never heard of him. What kind of person is he? Li Guan said, "Li Guan and Li Guan, who have never met before, walked from one state to another and improvised. I'm a fool who doesn't know his face! , sent back, according to the original words, the magistrate said: "alas, you are idiots! '

Third, Biwen sleeps on a hot kang.

On one occasion, Li Guan and two buddies (meaning buddies in Shaanxi dialect) went out to rest in the shop, one in Hancheng and the other in Chaoshan, and there was only one heatable adobe sleeping platform left in the shop. In the cold winter, all three guys want to sleep on the kang fire path, but there is only room for one person on this fire path. What shall we do at this moment, the guys in Hancheng said, "Well, let's talk about the highest place in our county. Whoever says it is high sleeps in the fire. The three guys smiled at each other and agreed.

People in Hancheng said, "Let me say that there is a high temple in Hancheng (now between Beichen Village and Sunan Village), which is two and a half fingers away from the sky! How about it? "

The people in the courthouse said, "No, no, listen, there is a temple branch (village name) grinding the sky in the courthouse!" " Is it higher than yours? "

Li Guan smiled and said, "It's not bad for you. I have a Wuzhong (Wuzhong Village Ancient Pagoda) in Heyang, and I have poked a hole! "

After listening to this, these two guys gave up and let him sleep in the fire.

Li Guan said with a smile, "I want to sleep in a fire pit alone, so how can we be good friends in the future?"? We are still blessed to enjoy it together. How about we warm our feet and chat? "

These two guys have repeatedly said that the three of them had a wonderful (comfortable) night.

(When I was a child, I listened to the old man's "Wang Ren 'an" in the northeast corner of Wangjiawa Waterlogging Pool in Heyang)

Fourth, customs clearance

A young man was driving a cart to deliver cotton to Chaoyi. At the bottom of Baoning slope, the cart was heavy and steep, and accidentally killed a dog lying on Fujiazi Road. This dog is usually evil. People say that dogs bite through mud. The dog always barks at the sight of the poor, and often bites the poor children until they bleed to death. But when he saw those rich people and well-dressed people, he kept silent and wagged his tail. So when everyone heard that the bad dog was run over, they were very happy. Who knows this rich man is a famous "iron claw" in Fiona Fang for more than ten miles. He always tries his best to help the poor, and he has won this good opportunity. Will he let go? He stopped the young man's car and said that his dog was a Husai dog specially bought from Beishan by someone, asking for twelve taels of silver. The young man grabbed his foot so hard that he couldn't keep his mouth shut. Where can he afford twelve taels of silver? I don't know how to face a sad face. At this time, someone pointed out to him: "Mr. Li Xiangruo teaches in a nearby village. Why don't you ask him to help you? "

This is really a word to remind dreamers! The young man found Li Guan and explained the reason. Li Guan readily agreed and said with a smile: "But if you want to be wronged, you have to call me uncle!" The young man said cheerfully, "What's so difficult about this?" Li Guan let him go ahead and followed him.

Seeing Li Guan coming to the car, the young man shouted, "Uncle!" Li Guan replied, "Hey!" Then he complained to him, "You are not in a hurry. What are you doing here?" The young man said unfairly, "I ran over a man's dog." Li Guan said, "Why? Did you drive the carriage to the door? " The young man quickly defended: "No, no, the car didn't start!" " Li Guan turned to the rich man and said, "Boss, this is your fault! As the saying goes, dogs have ropes and chickens have cages. Why don't you tie the dog at home and let it wander on the road? " Watching people admire Li Guan's point of view. The rich man knew he was wrong, but he was unwilling to say, "Then I ran over a live dog for nothing?" Li Guan smiled and casually recited four sentences: "The slope is steep and the car roared. Since it's a live dog, why not go? ""The crowd cheered in unison, and the rich man had nothing to say.

Five, as a light link

A year later, during the Lantern Festival, Li Guan posted two red lanterns to hang in front of the door, and also posted a pair of couplets:

Hang it up and be brave with gan Kun,

Look at the future to add color to the sun and the moon.

Lanterns are well posted and couplets are beautifully written, so people in the village are scrambling to see them. There was a rich man in the village, but he was very angry when he saw everyone crowded in front of Li Guan's house, so he squeezed in to see what had happened. When I saw it, it turned out to be a good couplet, so I gave it to Gong and said, "Mr. Li, please write a good couplet for me on the Lantern Festival. What do you think? " Li Guan hated the rich man for buttering up the government and bullying the poor. Seeing that he asked for an alliance, he had a brainwave and said, "Good!" Take out a pen and paper, just a thought, then write down a pair of couplets:

Wax fills the heart and is used to going to the underworld at dusk;

Paper wrapped in skin, when will it clear up!

When they saw it, they all laughed and praised Li Guan for his good writing. Cai Dong knows that he has been scolded, but he wrote this couplet himself, and he must have the cheek to say yes to everyone.

Six, scold the rich man

One year on March 9th, Li Guan passed by a village, and saw a rich man and his son sitting on a bench, warming themselves on the sun slope, watching the long-term workers beat dung and swearing. When Li Guan saw this scene, he pretended to be panting and walked up to the rich man and said, Old man, have you seen my donkey? "The rich man asked strangely," What donkey? Li Guan said: Two donkeys are arguing with a stinking stick! Cai Dong said, "I don't see it, please find it quickly! ,,

When Li Guan left, the rich man's son suddenly understood: "Where have you seen two donkeys with smelly sticks? It's scolding us! It turns out that when preparing donkeys in Guanzhong rural areas, I was afraid that the saddle would slide forward, so I pulled it behind the donkey's ass with a stick. As the saying goes, it is called a smelly stick. The rich man thought about it and suddenly realized. He immediately sent someone to take Li Guan back and put him in the ancestral temple for interrogation. '

Li Guan walked to the door of the ancestral hall, and at a glance he saw the big plaque of "Lee's Ancestral Hall" hanging on it, which reassured him. As soon as he entered the ancestral temple, he knelt in front of the ancestral tablet of the rich man's family and burst into tears. When the rich man asked why, Li Guan said, "My brother painted this. I feel sad when I see it! " Hearing this, the old rich man turned out to be a fellow countryman, so he let Li Guan go.

After Li Guan left, the rich man's son became more and more wrong. He said to his father, "There are dozens of ancestors painted on the ancestral card, but he said it was his brother. Isn't he our ancestor? " The old rich man knew that he had been cheated again, so he sent someone to chase him. Li Guan has run away without a trace!

Seven, punish the poor.

One year, a new county magistrate came to Heyang. In order to decorate the appearance of corporal Li Xian, he sent two messengers to send invitations to Li Guan.

Heyang County is more than forty miles away from Li Guan's hometown Nanshun Village. It was June, and two policemen were thirsty and tired, covered in dust. At the head of the village, I saw an old man picking up dung. He asked angrily, "Old man, is Li Guan there?" I didn't expect this old man who collects dung to be Li Guan. Mr. Li has always hated these foxy things, and he was even more angry when he saw the messenger's straight eyebrows, but he still said slowly, "I'm Li Guan. What can I do for you?" When the messenger heard that the old man was Li Guan, he said with a smile, "Mr. Li, I."

My master has a letter for you! Li Guan put the dung cage on his shoulder and said, "The two squad leaders invite you into the house for tea!" ! "At home, I sent someone to take out the county magistrate's invitation. Li Guan took it out, looked at it and said to himself, "Oh, that's it! What does he need this for? The policeman quickly interrupted him and asked, "What does my master want?" "Li Guan beckoned:" You two come with me! " The two leading policemen came to the backyard, pointed to a big stone mill and said, "This is it! Two policemen looked at this thick and heavy stone mill and thought, Oh, my God, it weighs at least 200 kilograms, and it has to be carried to the city, so don't kill people! Then he asked, "What does Master want with this? Is there no mill in the city? " Li Guan spread out his hands, pretending to be helpless, and said, "I don't know! Master asked for it by name, dare I not give it? " These words of carrot and stick made people fall into silence, so we had to borrow a rope from Li Guan's house to wrangle and prepare to carry the grinding fan back to a job. Li Guan said, "Don't.

Busy, please give me an answer. You two should be careful on the road. If you break it, neither you nor I will look good. "

The burning sun made the two policemen dizzy, and they were finally carried to the county seat, exhausted and scattered. The magistrate was surprised to see a pair of stone mills being carried back. The policeman panted, "This is what you want. Mr. Li has written back to you!" " When the magistrate opened Li Guan's letter, it read: "I was fined for calling Li to pour into the village. When the county magistrate saw it, he was furious: "I just told you two losers to offend Mr. Li!" "Take it tomorrow and send it back to Mr. Li!"

Eight, mentally frustrated county officials

One year, a new county magistrate came to Heyang. This guy is a rookie, youthful, he heard that a few people in front of Li Guan suffered losses, and he was not convinced, so he set a deadly trap to kill Li Guan down a peg or two. He sent two men to arrest Li Guan. When they came to Nanshun Village, they tasted the hardships of Li Guan and dared not play crooked. They respectfully handed in the arrest warrant and said, "Li's adult, my master has something to ask you! When Li Guan saw the arrest warrant, he knew, "The dog officer wants to show me off. Hum, you are blind! He frowned, made up his mind, and calmly replied, "Please report to your adults and tell them that I will be back in a few days this month! The messenger knew that Li Guan was not the kind of person who would follow him as soon as he tied the chain, so he had to go back and say to the county magistrate, "Sir, this Li Guan is full of nonsense. He said he was grounded! This is obviously a snub to his lordship. The county magistrate said savagely, "Don't worry, then let him taste my power!" "Originally, this guy made a wish to a newly caught foreign thief, asking him to be a false witness and set up Li Guan in order to make Li Guan obey him.

A few days later, Li Guan came on a donkey. When the magistrate saw it, he saw Li Guan's face wrapped up, revealing two eyes. It really looks like a woman who just confinement in the countryside! The successor county magistrate went to the court and patted the gavel and said, "Li Xiangruo, a bold and unruly person, why did he gang up to steal?" Why didn't he tell the truth? " Li Guan retorted, "Your Excellency said that I was a gang thief. Is there circumstantial evidence? " The county magistrate proudly said, "Of course! Then call the false witness to court. He pretended to ask the false witness, "Did this man order you? "? " The false witness quickly said, "Yes. The county magistrate asked Li Guan, "What do you have to say now? Li Guan was unmoved, smiled and said to the false witness, "You are my man, so you must know me? After all, the false witness is guilty. He dared not look up at Li Guan and said hesitantly, "Yes-yes." Li Guan said, "Well, just tell me in front of my master, am I nearsighted or squint? Is it a pockmark or a face? This fooled the false witness, who had never even seen Li Guan's face. Where can he answer? Scared to death, shaking all over. Li Guan said sarcastically, "Sir, if the dog takes a bite, it's three points. I'm going to sue him today for turning black and white and framing good people. Please judge! Hearing this, the county magistrate had to decorate the facade and hit the gavel again: "Where a gangster dares to frame Mr. Li, it's really a dog fighting against a man!" Li Guan said by implication, "Sir, we have a saying in Heyang that the eyes are crooked and the heart is crooked, and there are strange diseases in the stomach. This boy is a squint, with evil intentions, and only wants to harm others. You have to treat this strange disease for him! Hearing this, the county magistrate turned red and white, just like a layer of chicken excrement.

Nine, write a complaint to the dumb.

Once upon a time, there was a man in the El of Heyang County yamen, who put a desk and stool on it. Four Treasures of the Study wrote a complaint for people. One day, a mute came to the writer and told him that someone had hit him. He wanted to report to the county government and asked to write a complaint. The writer wrote a lot of complaints, but this time it was difficult. What's this mute's last name? Which one should I sue? I can't see it at all How should I write this complaint? There are many people watching, but no one can think of any good way.

It happened that Li Guan went to the market and saw a group of people. Why did he ask? When the writer told the reason, Li Guan smiled and said, "What's the difficulty?" Pick up a pen and write four lines on the paper:

The complainant is mute,

I don't know where to sue.

Go find two policemen and dumb people,

Grab wherever you point.

The mute submitted a complaint to the county grandfather. At first glance, this is Li Guan's handwriting, so he dare not neglect it. He sent two policemen to arrest the man who pretended to be dumb and made a case for the dumb.