How did the farce in Shanghai come into being?

Comedy is one of the Han operas in Shanghai, which originated in Suzhou and is now mainly popular in Shanghai and its surrounding Wu dialect areas. Most of them use Shanghai dialect as the expression language, and at the same time imitate Taihu dialect of Wu dialect in large quantities, and occasionally imitate other dialects such as northern dialect and Cantonese. The performance is similar to the cross talk and sketch in the north.

A brief history of development

The formation and development of burlesque is closely related to civilized drama and one-man show.

Civilized drama, also known as new drama, was popular in China in the early 20th century. There is no formal script during the performance, and the screen system is adopted, which can be improvised. There is a funny line in the role of civilized drama, which, together with Xiao Sheng, Sad Dan, TuDan and Laosheng, is called "Four Courtyards and One Beam". When burlesque was just derived from civilized drama, its performing arts and foot color branches were still a style of civilized drama, only led by actors who performed great antics, and more jokes were arranged in the play. The fusion of post-monologue and civilized drama has formed a special drama performance art mainly making jokes.

One-man show, also known as "funny", was first performed by one person, and then developed into a performance by two or more people, which was formed in Shanghai around 1920. On the one hand, the birth of one-man show shows that it is inextricably linked with folk rap. Wang, Jiang Xiaoxiao and these three "funny people" are directly influenced by urban folk artists. Folk rap such as "Speaking News" and "Dizzy" by street performers selling pear paste candy is the artistic source of this genre. On the other hand, monologue is directly bred in civilized drama.

Jiang Xiaoxiao, Wang, Zhang, (Xiao) Wu, Shuo, etc. They are all actors in the new drama, so in terms of performance, farce can be said to come down in one continuous line with the farce of the new drama.

The period of 1930-40 was the heyday of the development of one-man show, with more than 100 artists performing in major amusement parks, radio broadcasts and halls in Shanghai. The first generation of famous one-man show artists were Bao Lele, Zhao Xixi, Lu Qiqi and others, and the second generation of one-man show artists were Zhu, Cheng Xiaoting, Xiao Mimi, Xiao Mimi,,, Wen Binbin and so on, many of whom were also famous actors in later burlesque.

194 1 At the end of the year, the Pacific War broke out, the Japanese army occupied the concession, the business of Shanghai amusement park was sluggish, the church business was light, the radio station was blocked by the enemy and puppet, and it was difficult for the one-man show artist to make a living, so large-scale burlesque and funny troupe appeared. At the beginning of 1942, Jiang Xiaoxiao initiated and organized Zhao Baoshan and Zhong. Adopting the system of civilized drama, the first original drama "A Bowl of Rice" with storyline and characters was performed. The play satirizes the owner of hoarding rice shops, sympathizes with the underclass who have no food and clothing, and has aroused widespread public popularity, which is considered to be from a one-man show to a farce. At the same time, Jiang Xiaoxiao, Bao Lele and others organized and established the first burlesque troupe "Laughter Troupe", and initially performed such plays as Wild Tang and Colorful. Later, other one-legged artists and some civilized opera actors also organized comic troupes. Since then, although Quyi's one-man show still exists, drama burlesque has been born, and many actors are also one-man shows and burlesque.

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Burlesque can be roughly divided into five categories:

The first category is based on the development of "Duan Zi" of one-man show.

Among them, San Mao's Students' Thoughts and Seventy-two Tenants have become excellent traditions of burlesque with their profound thoughts and artistic integrity, and have been put on the screen.

The second category is transplanted from civilized drama.

There are mainly Fang Qing meets a girl, Bao Gong catches the wind of losing his hat, Ji Gong and so on.

The third category is adapted from the transplantation of dramas, traditional operas and movie scripts in the early days of liberation.

The transplanted local operas include Two Tolerances in Suzhou (that is, Lian Yin) and Mr. Nice guy (that is, Sanjiafu); Adapted from drama scripts, there are Happiness and Looking at Chang 'an in the West. Adapted from drama scripts, there are Little Nine Sisters (Dragonfly Girl) and Nothing (tight encirclement).

The fourth category is adapted from foreign scripts.

For example, the living Buddha ran for one year and nine months, setting a record for the most performances since the farce.

The fifth category is newly created plays.

For example, everything, the city that never sleeps, all love, sex, 1,001 days.