How did the Hu surname come from? Were they formed by nationalities other than Han nationality? History often says that people other than the Han nationality are called Hu!

There are four origins of Hu's surnames:

1. It comes from Gui's surname and takes the person's name as his surname. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Hu Gongman, a descendant of Emperor Shun, was sealed by the State of Chen, and was destroyed by the State of Chu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Later generations took Hu as their surname. According to historical records such as Yuan He surname usurpation, the origin of Hu's surname can be traced back to the descendants of Gui surname of ancient sage Yu Shun. In this way, the ancestor of Hu's surname should be the Duke of Hu, who was named as Chen's land by Zhou Wuwang more than 3, years ago. Hu Gongman is the 33rd generation grandson of Yu Shun, the son-in-law of Zhou Wuwang, and was named Chen Hou. It can be seen that the ancestors of Hu family in China were orthodox descendants of Yu Shun and Huangdi, not the descendants of "Wuhu" who later invaded the Central Plains.

2. From Ji and Gui Xing, taking the country name as the surname:

① One is Ji's surname Hu Guo, in the east of Luohe City, Henan Province. It was a vassal state with the same surname in the Zhou Dynasty, which was enfeoffed at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It participated in the allied forces led by Chu State to attack Wu State, and later fought against Wu State with Chu State. On the way back to the division, Chu State annexed Hu Ziguo.

② One is Gui Xing Hu Guo, in Fuyang, Anhui Province. It was destroyed by the state of Chu when Lu Dinggong was in power.

at the end of the spring and autumn period, these two Hu countries were successively destroyed by the state of Chu. The descendants of their monarchs all took Hu as their surname, and the Chinese all took Hu as their surname, which formed two Hu families, which lived side by side from generation to generation.

3. His surname was changed to Hu. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Xianbei people in the Northern Wei Dynasty had the Hu (Ge) family name, which was changed to the Han family name after entering the Central Plains. In the Han Dynasty, Tai Yu Hu Guang, whose surname was Huang, was later changed to Hu, and his grandson took Hu as his surname. In Hu's family, there has been a compound surname Hu's family. Humu's compound surname has a history of more than 2,48 years since it was given to Qi Xuanwang. Hu's compound surname was also very popular at first. In the Qin dynasty, there was a Taishi who made Hu Mu respect, and in the Han dynasty, there were Hu Mu students and Hu Mu classes. After the Jin Dynasty, Hu's compound surname was gradually replaced by the word "Hu". Because most of his descendants changed their surnames to Hu, the spread of Hu's mother's compound surnames decreased day by day. This is probably one of the reasons why this Hu mother's compound surname is not widely spread and is still rare.

4. The surnames of the Chiles, descendants of the Huns in ancient north China. Among Hu's surnames, in addition to this branch originated from the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, there are also many foreigners who change their surnames to Hu. After the Han Dynasty, especially at the time of the five chaos in China, foreigners who entered the Central Plains changed their surnames to "Hu" one after another, adding new elements to Hu's family of Han nationality, which led to the later reproduction of Hu's family name and another lineage. For example, Hu Yan in the later Zhou Dynasty was the Chile people, and his descendants were all surnamed Hu.

ancestor of surname: Hu Gongman. According to legend, Shun, one of the five emperors in ancient times, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu. He was born in Yao Ruins (now northeast of Heze, Shandong) and got his surname. He once lived in Gui Mi River (now Yong Jinan, Shandong Province), so his descendants have Gui surname again. Among the descendants with Gui's surname, after being destroyed by Zhou Wuwang, Gui, the descendant of Emperor Shun, was named after Chen, and established the State of Chen, so as to keep the emperor Shun's worship. The State of Chen built by Gui Man is the area around Huaiyang County, Henan Province, including Fuyang in northern Anhui Province and Yancheng in central Henan Province. After Gui Man's reign, he was called Hu Gong Man. In 478 BC, the State of Chen was destroyed by the State of Chu, and his grandson took posthumous title as his surname, which was called Hu's, and this was the Hu's of Henan. Therefore, Hu's descendants respected Hu Gongman as the ancestor of Hu's surname.

II. Migration and distribution

The origin of Hu's family is, of course, the fief of Chen in the early Zhou Dynasty. Today's Huaiyang County, Henan Province. Since then, Hu's family has taken this place as its origin, and its descendants have gradually extended to various places. After several generations of reproduction, it reached Xincai in the south and Shanxi in the north, and became a prominent family of Hu at that time. During the Han Dynasty, he moved to Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Shandong, Hubei and other places. Among them, the people who moved to Gansu province became a prominent family in the later Han Dynasty, and later became the main source of Hu's reproduction in various places. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, due to the "Yongjia Rebellion", Hu's Central Plains gentry moved southward in a big way, and Hu moved to Fujian. Hu's southward migration began in the late Western Jin Dynasty. Hu's descendants crossed the river from the Central Plains to the south, first moved to Anhui, and then moved from Anhui to Fujian. Finally, he moved from Fujian to Taiwan Province. Taiwan Province's Hu surname has spread all over the province. However, Tainan, Taipei, Changhua, Hsinchu and other places live in a relatively concentrated and largest population. Later, the Hu surname in Xincai and Shanxi moved and multiplied to other places, which spread all over China. Hu surname is a common surname nowadays, which is widely distributed, accounting for about 1.31% of the Han population in China. It is one of the 19 most popular surnames with a population of over 1% in China, ranking thirteenth and thirty-eighth in Taiwan Province. Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Shandong and Hunan have this surname, and the Hu surname in the above eight provinces accounts for about 65% of the total population of Han nationality in China. Among them, Sichuan province accounts for about 13% of the Han Hu surname in China.

Third, historical celebrity

Hu An: A famous educator in the early Han Dynasty, Sima Xiangru was one of his favorite students.

Hu Zun: He is both civil and military, ranking second to the general who rides a car. He has six sons, the most famous of whom is Hu Fen. He made many exploits when he was Emperor Xuandi of Jin Dynasty, and became a general in Zhennan. His daughter, Hu Fang, was a noblewoman of Sima Yan, the Emperor of the Jin Dynasty, and since then she has become a consort, and her power is even more prominent. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Northern Wei Dynasty, ruled by Tuoba, dealt a heavy blow to Qinghe Cui, Fan Yanglu, Taiyuan Guo and Hedong Liu, while the daughter of Hu Fen's descendant Hu Guozhen became the Empress Dowager of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Hu entered the most glorious period in history. In the more than 2 years since Hu Zun, there have been more than 1 people who settled in Linjing Hu's position to the three public officials and nine ministers, generals and satraps, and two queens and queens have also been born, which was a great success.

Hu Gui: a famous painter in the late Tang Dynasty, born in Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province. Especially for painting horses, the pen is clear and fine, and the bones are vivid and vivid.

Hu Yuan: a famous scholar and educator in the Northern Song Dynasty, born in Tai County, Jiangsu Province. Zeng Guan to Dr. Tai Chang. Advocating the theory of "understanding style and applying it" is the first sound of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty.

Hu Shi: The word is appropriate, from Jixi, Anhui. China is a modern scholar, thinker and a famous figure in the New Culture Movement. Doctor of Philosophy, Columbia University, USA, has been awarded 35 honorary doctorates by British and American universities. As a professor of Peking University, he published my humble opinion on literary improvement and advocated literary reform. He used to be president of China College, dean and president of Peking University College of Literature, ambassador to the United States, representative of the National People's Congress, and president of Academia Sinica. He has written dozens of books, including the history of ancient philosophy in China, Zhang Shizhai's chronicle, the history of pre-Qin famous studies, Dai Dongyuan's philosophy, the history of vernacular literature, Ding Wenjiang's biography, etc., and compiled them into Hu Shi's literary works.

Hu anguo: Zi Kanghou, born in Chong 'an, Jianning, is a scholar of Song Classics. Official to the Chinese book, giving lectures as well as giving lectures. Wang Anshi abandoned the Spring and Autumn Period, and Anguo thought it was a masterpiece of the sages' heart-to-heart transmission, so he still devoted himself to studying it for twenty years. Yan Wending. There are biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period, and supplements to the supervision of Zi Zhi Tong.

Hu Dahai: a general in the Ming Dynasty, born in Sihong, Jiangsu Province, was officially named Duke Wei. Together with Zhu Yuanzhang, he has made great contributions to the world.

Hu Yihuang, an outstanding general of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, was born in Guangxi. Protect the country, protect the weather, and be promoted to the king of Yu.

Hu Linyi: Zi Runzhi, born in Yiyang, Hunan. When I was a scholar in Daoguang, I was tired of being an official and went to the governor of Hubei. At that time, Hong Yang's army was prosperous, Lin Yi created Li Jin, transported salt, changed Zhang Cao, increased the treasury, and stuck to Wuchang, which was the basis of the wars in various provinces, ruled the army with clear discipline, and added talents. I tasted: those who clamored for soldiers were tireless, and those who were poor were afraid. He also said: A talented person has nothing to seek from the world, and the world should seek from itself. The world thought that he knew what he said, but later he died in the army. He died in the army, and he died in Wenzhong. He read the history of soldiers and played the sparse anthology, and Hu Wenzhong's fair collection.

Ho Chi Minh: Originally named Ruan Bicheng. Leader of the Vietnam National Liberation Movement and President of the People's Republic of China. Born in Nantan County, Yi 'an Province, central Vietnam. From 1911 to France, he joined the French production party in 192 and founded the vagrant magazine. In 1923, he was trained in the Soviet Union and became the third international cadre. From 1924 to Guangzhou, the Union of Young Vietnamese Revolutionaries was established. In 193, he returned to China and founded the Indian zhina * * * Production Party. During the Anti-Japanese War, he was arrested by the government of the Republic of China and later released back to Vietnam to engage in guerrilla warfare. In 1954, the French army was defeated, and the regime of North Vietnam was established. Later, it helped the members of the South Vietnam Party to establish the Vietnam Production Party. In 1975, the north and south of Vietnam were unified and the Vietnam Republic was established.

Hu Yaobang: a proletarian revolutionary in China, a leader of the China Producer Party and the People's Republic of China. Liuyang, Hunan. In 1933, he joined the China Producer Party. He used to be the secretary of the Children's Bureau of the Youth League Southeast Hunan Special Committee and the Secretary-General of the Youth League Central Bureau. The following year, he participated in the Long March and served as the secretary of the local work department of the Political Department of the Third Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army. After crossing the northern Shaanxi, he was appointed as the director of the organization department and the propaganda department of the C.O.. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, he served as deputy director of Yan 'an Anti-Japanese Political Department and minister of the Organization Department of the Eighth Route Army General Political Department. During the War of Liberation, he served as acting director of the Political Department of the Jireliao Military Region, political commissar of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region column, political director of the North China Field Army Corps, organization director of the General Political Department of the Central Military Commission, and political director of the 18th Corps of the People's Liberation Army. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the secretary of the CPC Central Committee and director of the North Sichuan Administrative Office, the first secretary of the Youth League Central Committee, the second secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and the first secretary of the CPC Shaanxi Provincial Committee. In 1975, he served as the head of the party group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and began to rectify the work of the Academy. Since 1977, he has served as vice president of the Central Party School, director of the Central Organization Department, third secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, director of the Central Propaganda Department and secretary-general of the Central Committee. He has organized and promoted the discussion on the standard of truth, and led the nationwide work of bringing order out of chaos, redressing false and wrong cases, and implementing the cadre policy; He presided over the formulation of a series of principles and policies for the development of rural economy and made important contributions to the shift of the party's work focus. After 198, he served as General Secretary and Chairman of the CPC Central Committee. In January 1987, he resigned as the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee. He is a member of the 8th Central Committee of CPC, the 1th and 11th The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), and the 13th members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. He died in Beijing in April 1989.

iv.No. of the County Lookout Hall

1. County Lookout

Anding County: ① It was set up in the Han Dynasty to govern Gaoping (now Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region). Anding County, located in the north of Jingchuan, Gansu Province, belongs to Anding County. The Eastern Han Dynasty moved to Linjing (now southeast of Zhenyuan) and abandoned Anding County. In the Sixteenth Country, Anding County was set up again, and it was ruled by the county. Anding County in Sui and Tang Dynasties is Jingzhou. In the late Tang Dynasty, Baoding County was changed, and the county was also named Baoding. Jin is Jingchuan County, and Jing State Administration Office.

② Mongolia took Andingbao, Shaanxi Province as Anding County. In 1935, it was changed to Zichang County (Lietu, Xie Zichang) and moved to Wayaobao, where the original county ruled the east.

Xincai County: the place of Emperor Jinhui, separated from Ruyin County, is located in Xincai County, Henan Province today.

Yiyang County: Yiyang County was established in Sui Dynasty, and Wude was changed to Gwangju in the third year. The county is now in Huangchuan County, Henan Province.

dingcheng and Yiyang county: the county is now in Xinyang city, Henan province.

Zhongzhou, Luoyang, Huxian: County Han now belongs to Shaanxi Province, Hedong and other places.

2. TangNo.

Lian 'antang: It was named after Tan 'an Collection written by Hu Quan in the Song Dynasty.

anding Hall: It originated from Anding County and was built in the Western Han Dynasty. The county ruled in Gaoping (Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) first, and then moved to Linjing, which is now the southeast of Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province; Resettlement and stability, that is, the north bank of Beijinghe River in Jingchuan County, Gansu Province. In the early Tang Dynasty, Anding was called Jingzhou. Later, it became the hall name of Hu surname, which shows the position of Anding in the history of Hu surname. The ancestor of this hall originated from Hu Zhi and Hu Wei's deeds. Hu, a spring native of Wei Temple in the Three Kingdoms, is little known. Cao Cao was called Dun Qiu Ling, the official was Jing Ci Shi, General Zhen Wei was added, and the Commissioner was given the post of Guan Nei Hou, who was in charge of the military affairs of Qing and Xu. Every reward for building the army is scattered among the public. Those who have not entered the family have no surplus money, but only clothes and books, which is famous for being afraid of others. Hu Wei, proton, official to Xuzhou secretariat, father and son are cautious, and their reputation is famous in the world. When he entered the DPRK, Emperor Wu (Cao Cao) asked, "Who is the Qing or the father?" Wei said, "I am not as good as you. My father is afraid of being known, and I am afraid that people don't know. " The emperor said that he was good, and he moved to the former general, and sealed the Spring Hou with merit. Hu Zhi and Hu Wei's ancestors and grandchildren are both famous for their loyalty, prudence and chastity, and they are originally from Shouchun County, Huaihai, so Hu's surname has the title "Huaihai Family Voice". Hu Zhi and Hu Wei's father and son guarded the border for their country, and both died in Anding (now six counties including Jingchuan County in Gansu Province and four counties in Ningxian County). Their descendants stayed in Anding, and the family name of Hu was Anding Hall.

lulingtang: Hu's original ancestor in lulingtang was Hu Gongba, that is, Hu Gao. Eight to Hu Quan. Hu Quan's family has become a big family in the Song Dynasty. Hu Quan's brothers Hu Zhu, Hu Hua, his son Hu Yong, his grandson Hu Hua, Hu Yi and others, although not as famous as Hu Quan, all made small achievements. Hu surnames in Jishui, Jiangxi Province, Santang, Rucheng County, Hunan Province and Houbao, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province are all descendants of Hu Quan. Hu Wenhu, a famous overseas Chinese leader and king of tiger balm, is the 32nd generation grandson of Hu Quan.

Jixi Hall: Hu's family in Jixi Hall became famous both at home and abroad because of Hu Shi, a great scholar in modern times. According to genealogical records, they moved here in the second year of Song Taizu Kaibao (AD 969), and their ancestor was Hu Yanzheng, the son of Hu Changyi. The Hu family in Jixi once offered sacrifices to Hu Gongman, and later to Hu Changyi. Hu Shi himself said that when he was a child, he participated in a memorial ceremony for the first ancestor, Chang Yigong, who was one thousand years old.

in addition, the main family names of Hu are Huaiyang Hall, Jingai Hall, Lvfu Hall, Dujing Hall, Dunren Hall and Benshitang.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Hu Yuan (993-159), the word wing. A native of Hailing, Taizhou (now Taizhou, Jiangsu Province), was a famous educator in the Song Dynasty and was regarded as a pioneer of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Shi Chuanzai: Hu Yuan "recommended it by Wu Zhong, a professor of Confucian classics, by Fan Zhongyan, by giving a white dress to the Hall of Admiration, and by giving a school book lang, and by promoting officials to teach Huzhou in Baoning, there are hundreds of disciples, and the disciples of the Ministry of Rites are 1 to 45." Take Dr. Taichang as an official. " Hu Yuan started teaching more than 13 years earlier than Zhu Xi, another famous educator and philosopher in Song Dynasty. Hu's descendants inscribed "Su Hu Shidi" or "Su Hu Liufang" above Zhengdamen to commemorate Hu Yuan's lifelong teaching, endless mysterious songs, the grand occasion of fragrant peaches and plums and his outstanding achievements.

"Huai Hai Jia Sheng" comes from the deeds of Hu Zhi and Hu Wei, the ancestors of Hu's Andingtang. Hu, a spring native of Wei Temple in the Three Kingdoms, is little known. Cao Cao was called Dun Qiu Ling, the official was Jing Ci Shi, General Zhen Wei was added, and the Commissioner was given the post of Guan Nei Hou, who was in charge of the military affairs of Qing and Xu. Every reward for building the army is scattered among the public. Those who have not entered the family have no surplus money, but only clothes and books, which is famous for being afraid of others. Hu Wei, proton, official to Xuzhou secretariat, father and son are cautious, and their reputation is famous in the world. When he entered the DPRK, Emperor Wu (Cao Cao) asked, "Who is the Qing or the father?" Wei said, "I am not as good as you. My father is afraid of being known, and I am afraid that people don't know. " The emperor said that he was good, and he moved to the former general, and sealed the Spring Hou with merit. Hu Zhi and Hu Wei's ancestors and grandchildren are both famous for their loyalty, prudence and chastity, and they are originally from Shouchun County, Huaihai, so Hu's surname has the title "Huaihai Family Voice". Hu Zhi and Hu Wei's father and son guarded the border for their country, and both died in Anding (now six counties including Jingchuan County in Gansu Province and four counties in Ningxian County). Their descendants stayed in Anding, and the family name of Hu was Anding Hall.

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ranked among the four truths.

—— General couplet of Hu ancestral hall written anonymously

The couplet refers to Hu Gao, a member of the Tang Dynasty.