The poet's high-quality message

Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Gao Shi and Cen Can have been called two poets. For example, Du Fu said, "The speed is so slow that Shen Bao has to go with him. The meaning is just flying, and the article is finally mixed. " ("Send a letter to Pengzhou Senior Three and Fifteen Ambassadors, Shi Yizhou Cen Twenty-seven Long History and Thirty Rhymes") Yan Yu said: "Gao Cen's poems are tragic and sad to read." "Shen told Xin that ... it has a particularly high poetic tone, and ... it is quite similar to Gao Shi's style, which makes people feel generous to read. Hu Yinglin said, "Gao Cen is solemn and stirring, and Wang Meng is carefree." This is mainly because their poetry styles are similar, and they are all famous for their "strength of character". They are all good at writing frontier themes in the form of ancient poems, especially seven ancient poems, which are full of gratitude. However, the two poets have similarities and differences, and they have made different contributions in the field of poetry.

Gao Shi (704-765) was born in Guo County of Bohai Sea (now Jingxian County of Hebei Province).

Gao Shi's life experience is rich. He lived in poverty in his early years. At the age of 20, I traveled to Chang 'an in the west, and in the 19th and 20th years of Kaiyuan, I went to Jimen in the north. After staying in Songzhou for about ten years, I lived a wandering life for many years. Forty-six years old, he won the first prize in Youdao, but he was only appointed as the governor of Fengqiu in Bianzhou. Three years later, he abandoned his post and went to the Yue-Han shogunate in Hexi to take charge of the secretary's order. After the Anshi Rebellion, Gao Shi met Xuanzong from Luogu West, and Chen Tongguan fell, and went from Xuanzong to Shu County to visit doctors. In the first year of Zhide (756), he was ordered by Su Zong to conquer Lin, and was also an ancient scholar, governor of Yangzhou Metropolitan Government and an envoy of Huainan. Since then, he has served as several local officials.

After Dai Zong acceded to the throne, he successively entered the DPRK as an assistant minister in the official department, an assistant minister in the criminal department, and a marquis of Bohai County. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty says that he "has been a poet since the Tang Dynasty, but he is just comfortable." What worried him most was when he first left the fort. At that time, he wandered around northern Hebei and wanted to join the army, but failed to do so, so he had to live in Liang and Song Dynasties, but this was the climax of his creation. After becoming a big official in his later years, although there are some excellent works, they are inevitably not as good as before. There is the Historical Records of Gaochang.

Gao Shi's character is wild and uninhibited. When I was young, I made friends with rangers and lived a dissolute life of "playing chess at night and drinking and singing Yang Liuchun" ("Not Joining the Army"); Wandering in the Liang and Song Dynasties is also "staying in restaurants for a long time, but staying in fishing ponds again and again" ("Three Reports of Rewarding Xue on Qi Sending Guo Shaofu Wei"), and his behavior is uncertain. Du Fu called him "a tall man who straddles the pommel horse and looks like harmony" ("Fifteen Rhymes, Secretary of Senior Three and Fifteen"), and Yin Yun called him "a man with infinite temperament" ("The Collection of Heyue Shadow Tombs"). He is also a man with lofty aspirations and practical political talents. For the first time in his life, he was appointed as an official (Fengqiu County Commandant) and left because he didn't agree with Hong Kuo's ambition. In the Anshi Rebellion, he took the initiative to offer suggestions, and was appreciated by Xuanzong and Su Zong successively, and was ordered to face danger. It can be seen that he is ambitious and talented, not a good talker.

The poet's personality and experience are reflected in his creation, which makes his poems have profound characteristics. He is full of confidence in his ambition and talent: "The princes are all my generation and used in strategy. Sages are talented and talented, and they must come to cut sunflower. " ("On Chuqiu City with Cui Dazhai") He also yearns for the heroic achievements in history: "Go north to Jimen and you can see the desert. Rely on the sword against the dust and think of Huo Wei. " ("Shang Qi rewarded Xue San with Guo Shaofu Wei") "Draw Kirin Pavilion and enter Mingguang Palace. Laugh at the scribes, once they are poor. " Because of this, the misfortune in reality makes the poet particularly angry. In the poem "Xiao Gu Gifts Tweety", he mocked those aristocratic officials who "soar in the sky" and only know pleasure, while talented people can only sink into the grass, revealing the opposition between cloth and power. He is eager to be appreciated and reused by wise masters, and often expresses his feelings through ancient personnel. Such as "Ten Poems of Song Dynasty":

Liang Wang used to be very prosperous, and many guests were very talented. A thousand years later, history is just a high platform. Lonely Xiang Qiu grass, thousands of miles away hate Taiwan.

The poem borrows the historical records of Liang Xiaowang's recruitment of talents and scholars in the Western Han Dynasty, and expresses the sadness that bosom friends are hard to find, which is quite similar to Chen Ziang's Qiu Ji Nostalgia. But the magnanimous and uninhibited character makes the poet have heroic spirit even when he is frustrated, such as "leave Zheng Sanwei as nine, love the gentleman":

I can't waste time, but I'm still trying to be over forty. Long song reached for the cup and laughed at his predecessors' fame.

The poet's strong personality is an important factor in forming his vigorous poetic style.

Gao Shi is ambitious, boasting "strategy" and indulging in the middle and lower classes of society for a long time, which makes him full of enthusiasm for many practical problems and expresses them in his poems. For example, the countryside he wrote is no longer the idyllic peach garden in Meng Haoran's and Wang Wei's poems, but a world full of misfortune and pain. For example, in Dongping Road, there was a flood, saying, "Insects and snakes have their own trees, and elk rush to sail. The tragic situation of "the harvest goes with the flow and the west is unattainable". " The poet further pointed out that man-made disasters, especially exorbitant taxes and levies, have deepened the people's misfortune: "The tiller is disappointed, and the wanderer hurts the body. "It used to be a well tax, but now there is no bucket storage?" This kind of poem with the meaning of pleading for the people is rare among contemporary poets. In frontier poems, Gao Shi also keenly raised many questions and opinions. For example, "Fortress" pointed out: "Turning over barrels is not a long-term solution, let alone a long-term solution." Oppose dealing with temporary expedient measures and advocate making full preparations to fundamentally solve the border issue; The fifth part of "Five Songs of Jimen" protests that the ruling clique is not kind because of the low treatment of the garrison. Zuo Zhongji, on the other hand, is a rebellious phenomenon from tribes beyond the Great Wall, which further expresses the deep concern that the frontier only pays attention to the self-respect of soldiers and has no intention of fixing the border. There is a lot of discussion about this kind of poem, which may not be so good as a poem, but we can see the poet's mind from it.

Gao Shi's poems are good at archaism, especially seven ancient poems. His ancient poems were obviously influenced by Zhang Shuo. For example, Zhang said that there are five ancient poems "Ode to Five Kings" that praise contemporary outstanding figures, while Gao Shi has five ancient poems "Ode to Three Kings", and the forms and themes of the two poems are exactly the same. Zhang Shuo's Ye Du Yin is a masterpiece of seven ancient books, and Gao Shi also wrote Gu Da Liang Hang in the seven ancient books, which is obviously the work of the former. However, Gao Shi's seven-character poem is more creative and has always been regarded as a model in poetry. For example, Hu Yinglin called it "clear syllables, emotional folding, coarse fiber pruning, one integrated mass" (poetry), and Song was known as "the ancestor of seven words" (three poems in Tang Dynasty). His seven-character songs not only inherited the singing system since the four masters, but also absorbed the simple and vigorous characteristics of ancient poems of Han and Wei dynasties, and they were able to move freely and win with "bones and muscles" in galloping, such as Ge Yanxing:

The northeast border of China is shrouded in smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their families. Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor. They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums. They waved a row of flags around the stone tablet. Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain. The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain. Half of us were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them at the camp. In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall. Serve the just cause and despise life and enemies. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still unsafe. Still in the front line, the real clothes are thin, and it's time for Bai Weiling to look after his departure. Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain. The wind blew. It doesn't matter, in a place of death and blue void, there is nothing ahead? Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble. Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame? However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, today we will mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago.

This poem breaks through the layout of previous poems with the same topic, exaggerates people's yearning for women and the pattern of lingering lovesickness, and greatly expands the content of lyrics. Military capacity, the urgency of military affairs, the desolation of the desert, the cruelty of war, the uneven bitterness and joy in the army, the courage of soldiers, the sadness of parting, the prayer for peace, etc. , all melted into a furnace. The sentence patterns of parallel prose, the rhymes between parallel prose and parallel prose, and the writing style of consonants entering the ancient style are the same as those of Lu and Luo, but the arrangement of storms is not comparable to those of predecessors. The poet's brushwork is not fixed on a simple emotion, but ups and downs between complex inner waves, changing scenes from time to time in intense lyricism, forming the characteristics of refined specifications, intermediary, algae washing and vivid images. Another example is fengqiu county:

I am a fisherman and a savage, and I have been an idle person all my life. At first glance, you can sing wildly in the grass, and you would rather be an official. Just say that the town is idle and the public is crowded. It's sad to see the CEO and lash out at Li Shu. Sad to go home and ask his wife, the family laughed happily. The cause of the trouble should be a field in Nanmu, and the situation in the world will be ruined. Dreaming that the old mountain is safe, I will return late for the topic. Knowing that Belle was his disciple, he remembered Tao Qian's return.

The whole poem is straightforward, eloquent, clear in rhythm and unconstrained. Formally, four sentences rhyme, two sentences are scattered before each festival, and the last two sentences are expressed in even sentences, and antithesis is always the most incisive and passionate inner monologue. In particular, the words "greetings" and "flogging" not only show his arrogant character of not being willing to bend over for five buckets of rice, but also show his inner conflict of not having the heart to punish the people, which is really touching. At this point, Gexing has become a lyrical style full of personality.

Gao Shi's poems are good at creating momentum, even some ordinary themes, once handled by poets, have full tension and appear full of vitality. Such as the Seven Laws "Reward Yan Shaofu on September 9th":

It's a pity to spend the day before. Whose yellow flowers are under the fence? The shopkeeper can't sell wine until he gets the money. Su Qin was haggard and tired, while Cai Ze was ugly in his later years. Even if it's just heartache, it's better to sit and scratch your head alone.

This poem is shocking and unexpected. In the daytime, the chrysanthemums bloom in vain, and the poet first spits out his grievances in an anti-picking tone to cover the whole article, and finally turns over my grievances with the cadence of "even if" and "not as good as". This artistic expression of expressing feelings with the teacher's heart and choosing words with God makes Gao Shi's poems smooth and slow, showing the face of "qi bone above" and "upright" (meaning Yan Yuan Yan).

Some of Gao Shi's quatrains are also written in a broad realm, which is awe-inspiring For example, "Listen to the bunker and play the flute": "The snow is clear and the horse is still grazing in the lake field, and the strong flute is guarding the moonlight building. Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight. " Turn the snowy night outside the Great Wall into an incomparably beautiful picture. "Two Poems of Biedong" Part II: "Huang Yun, thousands of miles away, shines in the daytime, and the north wind blows geese and snow one after another. Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and no one in the world knows you. " The desolate desert is magnificent and moving because of the hero's mind. The last two sentences are more heroic than Wang Bo's "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor".

Gao Shi, a frontier poet, is in Fengqiu.

□ Reporter Liu correspondent reports

Gao Shi, a famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty, once served as county magistrate in Fengqiu. Although not long, he left a glorious poem, and his noble character of loving the people is awe-inspiring.

Gao Shi was born in Li Tiansheng, Wu Ze for three years (AD 700) and died in the first year of Yongtai, Tang Daizong (AD 765). Mainly lived in the Tang Xuanzong and Tang Suzong era. The word is rich, and the word is loyal to the martial arts. He is from Bohai (now Cangxian County, Hebei Province, now Jingxian County, Hebei Province). In his early years, he was poor. At the age of 20, he went to Beijing to seek an official position, but left Beijing to find his own way out. He once went north to Jimen, roamed Zhao Yan, traveled to Liang and Song Dynasties, and lived a life of "firewood" in Shangqiu and Kaifeng.

After the age of 40, the title of the poem gradually became famous. In the eighth year of Tang Tianbao (AD 749), when he was nearly 50 years old, he left Liang and Song Dynasties on the recommendation of Zhang Jiugou, the secretariat of Song and Zhou Dynasties (now Shangqiu), and tried to be a "Taoist branch". After graduating from high school, he became a county magistrate in Fengqiu. After taking office, he wrote poems such as "First Arriving at Fengqiu", "Fengqiu Zuo", "Fengqiu Feeling" and "Climbing the North Tower". Soon, because of "welcoming officials" and "flogging Li Shu", he wrote "Xie Fengqiu County Commandant Table" and the official toured Hexi. Since the "An Shi Rebellion", he has assisted my envoy Ge from Hexi to guard Tongguan and served as the main book. After the fall of Tongguan, he fled alone and participated in the important strategies of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Tang Suzong. He was deeply appreciated and was given the official admonition history. He served as China's ambassador to Huainan, Pengzhou secretariat, Zhou Shu secretariat and Hexi ambassador. He served as an assistant minister in the Ministry of Punishment and a regular waiter in Bohai.

Gao Shi's masterpiece is Ge Yanxing, and among his five works, The Feeling of Feng Qiu is the best, which fully reflects his mentality when he closed the mountain. First, it is difficult to be a small genius in Fengqiu; 2. Unwilling to "greet officials" and "whip Li Shu"; Third, you must go to Nanmuchang to make trouble, and recall Tao Qian's Return. Gao Shi is famous for his great ambition of "raising the door of the monarch and taking the hand of the official". However, after he took the first place, he only got a small city's Fengqiu county captain, who was a humble official with nine grades. He was only responsible for catching thieves and other errands, so he had to bend down and be demoted. Feudal fiefs were small, and besides, "the autumn wind started a few days after I became an official" and "Yunshan Road wanted to be poor", so I couldn't do much and was disappointed. Gao Shiyuan roamed Zhu Meng, leading a leisurely life of "firewood" and indulging in singing. How can he "break his waist" and "worship the official"? When I got home, I told my wife that the whole family laughed at him for being ignorant of the times and said that officials were like this. What's so strange about it? Gao Shi laughs at himself here, which is also the height of his love for the people, his popularity and his superb works, and has established his tall image in people's hearts. The official sees the truth slightly, and the article has high value. Because Fengqiu city is small, it is difficult to realize the ambition of being an official. Gao Shi still refused to worship the official, flogging Li Shu, and there was no way out. He had to farm to make a living, but he remembered Ling Tao's "coming back" and abandoned his official position and returned to the field.

Gao Shi's time in Fengqiu is very short. Although Gao Shi's shrine and relics no longer exist, his brilliant masterpiece illuminates the county annals of Fengqiu, and people are proud of the appearance of such a good county magistrate in Fengqiu history.

Poet: Gao Shi

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In the history of China's literature development, the achievements of Tang poetry, Song ci and Yuan qu are outstanding. Among many famous schools of Tang poetry, Gao Shi, a native of Jingxian County, is one of the representatives of frontier poems that describe frontier scenery and express military feelings.

Gao Shi was born in Guanzhougou County (now Jingxian County) in the Tang Dynasty in 702 AD. My ancestors were high officials, and my father was Governor Shao, so I had to make a living by plowing fields and ridging. In his early years, Gao Shi was "loose in nature and informal in festivals". At the age of 20, I went to Beijing to ask for an official, thinking that I could get it at my fingertips. He wrote in a poem: "Looking up at the monarch's door, only one official is taken." Who knows, the reality didn't make him wish, so he went north to Jimen and roamed Zhao Yan. At this time, the northern nomads invaded the territory of the Tang Dynasty in Yanshan area, and Gao Shi took the initiative to participate in the war, pinning their hopes of fame on the battlefield. But at the end of the battle, his wish was frustrated again and he had to return with regret. For a long time, the prodigal son lived without food during the Liang and Song Dynasties (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), and sometimes even had to "beg for money". During this period, he has been drinking and hunting with Li Bai and Du Fu in Qi-Zhao area, reminiscing about the past and writing poems.

In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), Gao Shi was appointed as the order of Fengqiu County on the recommendation of Zhang Jiugao, the prefect of Suiyang. Not long after, he resigned and left because he couldn't stand the mental pain of "greeting the Chief Executive" and "lashing Li Shu".

During these twenty or thirty years, Gao Shi often contacted the lower classes and had a deep feeling for reality. He wrote many excellent frontier poems and works reflecting the sufferings of the people and criticized the extravagant style of the imperial dignitaries. After each article, it is often recited, and poetry has gradually become famous. Of course, many poems also reveal resentment and pain that they are too talented to serve the country.

In the 13th year of Tianbao (754), Gao Shi went west at the age of 52, and was hired by Ge, the envoy of Hexi (now Wuwei, Gansu), to take charge of the secretary under the account. In June 65438 +065438+ the following year 10, An Lushan rebelled against the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong wrote to Ge to ask for a thief, promoted Gao Shi as a great gleaning, transferred to supervise the empire, and assisted Ge, the deputy marshal of the Prince Pioneer Military Forces, to guard Tongguan. Because the traitor Yang and others played politics and delayed the fighter plane, Ge died, Tongguan fell, Chang 'an (Jin 'an) city was broken, and Xuanzong went out of Sichuan. At this time, Gao Shi chose a path to pursue Xuanzong, and told Xuanzong the process and reasons of Tongguan's fall in Hechi, reflecting the hard life of foot soldiers and the fact that some officers only knew pleasure and the army had no fighting spirit. When Xuanzong heard this, he praised his loyalty, made him an imperial envoy, and later promoted him to an imperial doctor.

During the Anshi Rebellion, Xuanzong returned to Chang 'an and was succeeded by Su Zong. Gao Shi was an official in the DPRK, and the history books called him: "If you dare to be angry, you will be afraid of it." After Wang Yong Lilin Rebellion, Su Zong was appointed as Yangzhou secretariat, Huainan secretariat and interviewer. After taking office, he joined forces with other rebels to defeat Wang Yong's army and kill Wang Yong. Since then, he has moved to the north and south, made outstanding contributions, and gained fame in the ruling and opposition circles. However, due to Li, the powerful minister, "it is better to dare to speak if you are evil, and it is better to go forward if you are short" (meaning to speak ill of Gao Shi in front of the emperor). As a result, Gao Shi was demoted to Prince Shaozhan and stayed in Luoyang, Tokyo.

In the second year of Tang Dynasty (76 1), there was a war in Shu, and Gao Shi became the secretariat of Shu and Peng. In May, Gao Shi and I sent Cui Guangyuan to Xichuan to conquer Duan, and Duan was defeated and died. Although the chaos was flat, Cui Guangyuan took the opportunity to seize the territory. Su Zong was angry, so he dismissed Guangyuan and promoted Gao Shi instead of Jian Nan Xichuan.

In the first year of Guangde (763), Tubo captured Dragon City, and in October it captured Fenzhou and Kung Fu. Tang Ting wavered and Tang Daizong fled to Chen Zhou. 13 After the Tubo soldiers invaded Chang 'an, they retreated for fear of being annihilated by new recruits. At that time, Gao Shi also led troops to Chang 'an to meet the Tubo soldiers, and suffered heavy losses. In the second year of Guangde (764), Gao Shi was recalled to Beijing, where he served as an assistant minister of the Ministry of Punishment and a constant servant of Zuosanqi, and was named the Duke of Bohai. In 765, the first year of Yongtai, he died at the age of 64.

Gao Shi wandered all his life, then joined the army and galloped on the battlefield, and had deep feelings for the frontier scenery and military life. Poems are often combined with magnificent frontier scenery, expressing patriotic thoughts of defending the country against the enemy, and reflecting homesickness, homesickness and the hardships and sacrifices of soldiers going to the battlefield. Poetry is generous and bold, tragic and desolate, giving people a positive feeling. There are 2,065,438+0 poems in the whole Tang Dynasty, among which lines and songs are widely sung. In the poem, "Wan Li did not hesitate to die, but succeeded once" and "Until the white sword is seen again, it is full of red blood. When death becomes an obligation, who will stop to think of fame" shows the patriotic feelings of the poet's broad-minded optimism, reflects the strong voice of the times and constitutes the main theme of frontier fortress poems.

Gao Shi was an outstanding poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty of China, and also a general with outstanding military achievements. Among the important poets in the Tang Dynasty, Gao Shi was the only one who achieved a high political status. Since he entered the Geshuhan shogunate, his official career has gradually become prominent, which is mainly due to his ability to distinguish right from wrong at some critical moments in history, helping the court make a more correct choice and working hard for it. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty reads: "It is difficult to be sincere, but it is also the responsibility to be safe." In the Anshi Rebellion, he offered a plan to Xuanzong, advocating taking out books to recruit foot soldiers and gathering strength to fight against the rebels; Xuanzong wanted to divide the kings into different parts of the town, but Gao Shi tried to dissuade them. Wang Yonglin marched into Jianghuai, joined forces with Gao Shi, and fought against it. It can be said that Gao Shi is not only an accomplished poet, but also a brave political and military doer. Of course, in some of his poems, the passionate thought of "seeking fame and profit" contains some vulgar factors, which is self-evident.

Gao Shi, a frontier poet

Www.SXKP.COM 2005-6-21Shanxi Popular Science Network Source: Shanxi Popular Science Network.

Author: Di Jianping Reading Times: 262

Gao Shi is an important representative of frontier poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His poetry is characterized by the combination of cold face to reality and high spirits at the right time, which gives people high passion.

There's no way to be an official

Gao Shi (703 ~ 765), whose real name is Duff, is now unknown. His grandfather Gao Lei was a famous soldier, and his father Chongwen was the governor of Shao. So when I was young, I had good conditions to learn books and swords, and I was very conceited and ambitious. I thought I would get a high position in the public service soon. He doesn't want to take the road of "being an official under the door", but he is also "ashamed of the routine" and disdains taking the routine of testing scholars and knowing classics. However, he did not refuse to take the road of "very talented".

Gao Shi lived in Songzhou (now south of Shangqiu, Henan) when he was young, studying books and swords. At the age of 20 (about ten years after Kaiyuan), I went west to Chang 'an and explored the road for the first time. His idea is naive: after being recommended, he was summoned and appreciated by the emperor, and soon he won a high position and made a blockbuster. But unexpectedly, social reality is far from the poet's ideal. Gao Shi couldn't get Chang 'an and refused to attach himself to the powerful, so he had to return to Songzhou.

The failure of exploring the road for the first time dealt a great blow to Gao Shi, but it also made him clear-headed and did not let him give up his pursuit and lose confidence. Gao Shi returned from Chang 'an for nearly ten years and has been living in Songzhou, engaged in farming and studying hard. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty is said to be Gao Shi's "Like to Talk about Wang Ba's Outline", and he often mentions "Hume" in his poems. It can be seen that the strategy of governing the world is the poet's focus on learning.

The two poems in Difficult Walking (the second part) reflect the poet's thoughts and pursuits in this period: "If you don't look at a rich man, who was poor and humble in the old society?" Once you have money, it is expensive, and Pepsi is superior to others. Children and grandchildren are full of eyes, and wives can sing and dance well. I am so proud of myself, but I laugh at the sadness of others. What about young people in the east? There is no car in Ximenqiong Lane. If you are talented but refuse to learn, why study every year! "This poem successfully uses contrast to highlight the theme. The poet compared the rich who paid a lot of money to powerful people, so that "everything is better than a tiger", and compared the talented literati who refused to praise the powerful to "mean streets has no car", thus revealing the reality of power.

In the autumn of the 19th year of Kaiyuan (73 1), Gao Shi set out from Songzhou and traveled to Zhao Yan in the north. At that time, the poet wanted to enter the official career from the army, but in the end he could only leave Ji You in disappointment and return to the south.

Gao Shi is ambitious and unrestrained, but his eyes are always fixed on social reality. At this stage, the two failures of seeking an official deepened his understanding of reality, broadened his social experience and life experience, and made most of his poems at this stage have rich and profound social content. Great ambition, wild temperament and frustrated experience make his poetry at this stage have a generous and tragic beauty.

The poem "Bunker" fully embodies this feature: "The east is Lulongsai, and the guest is lonely. Pavilion column Wan Li, han soldiers still prepare hu. It's dusty in the north and Lu rides in the south. Is U-turn a bullish strategy? Pro-Africa. But in the past, when General Li left the Imperial Capital according to the festival, he always swept the desert and captured Khan alive in World War I.. Always grateful and willing to make a difference. Who wants to talk with a sword? Guanhe is empty and gloomy. " The poem expresses the poet's desire to choose a good general to defeat the enemy in one fell swoop and relieve the border troubles in a short time. Finally, I lament that my ambition and the overall idea of having an empty border have been ignored. The lyrical discussion of the whole poem contains a strong and exciting spirit in the sadness of losing ambition, showing the solemn and solemn nature.

Don't hide, don't be an official

Gao Shi failed to seek official positions twice until Tianbao was eight years old (749). He lived in Songzhou most of the time, but he traveled many times during this period: at the end of Kaiyuan, he traveled to Xiangzhou and Tianbao for three years (744), and traveled to Bianzhou and Songzhou with Li Bai and Du Fu, visiting the past, shooting and writing poems, drinking heavily and making friends for life; In the late autumn of the same year, he crossed to Jiangsu; I visited Shandong in autumn for four years, and went to Jinan County to see Li Yong, the commander in chief of Beihai in five years. The rough experience and wandering life in this period had a positive impact on the poet's thought and creation.

At this stage, the poet lives in a state of not being hidden or official. He studied, tilled the fields, took part in labor in person, and made extensive contact with the lower class people, thus learning more about social reality; He roams, makes friends and works, which can not only speed up the spread of works, improve social reputation and build a ladder for his future career, but also broaden his experience, broaden his horizons and enrich his creative themes. During this period, long-term political setbacks made the poet feel indignant and unfair. He often lamented generously, but he was always full of hope and confidence in a bright future. His poems are often full of vigor and vitality in elegies, and his mood is not low.

His poetry tends to be more mature, and Ge Yanxing Xu Xu, the most outstanding representative of his frontier poems, wrote: "The northeast border of China is dark and filled with smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their homes. Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor. Under Guan Yu's fir gold cutting drum, they surrounded the stone tablet with a row of flying flags. Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain. The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain. Half of us were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them at the camp. When autumn ended on the gray beach, the grass withered, and a few surviving observers were by the lonely wall at sunset. Serve the just cause and despise life and enemies. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still unsafe. Still on the front line, the real armor was worn and beaten thin, and the wife at home was crying. Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain. The side court is swaying, and the realm is boundless. Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble. Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame? But it's Li Ye who heard about the battle in the desert. "

In the twenty-first year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Shousi, the envoy of Youzhou, achieved something at the beginning, winning first and then losing. Zhang Shousi concealed the actual situation from the court and falsely reported the meritorious military service. Gao Shi felt deeply, so he felt it.

The whole poem uses very concentrated pen and ink to write the whole process of a battle. The main purpose of the poem is to condemn the generals who were encouraged by the emperor for their arrogance, underestimation, dissoluteness and dereliction of duty, which led to the failure of the war and caused great pain and sacrifice to the soldiers. This poem is magnificent and vigorous in brushwork. Li Guang put it forward at the end, which is a comparison between ancient and modern times. This contrast is very obvious, which greatly strengthens the power of irony.

Calm Hexi

In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), Gao Shi, who was nearly half a century old, was recommended by a friend and was appointed as the assistant general of Fengqiu County in Chenliu County (Bianzhou). Gao Zhiyuan's expectations of the humble position of county commandant are far from each other, and Gao Shi resigned from the post of Fengqiu commandant shortly after his arrival. Shortly after his resignation, he was recommended by Judge Qiu of Geshuhan Shogunate. Gao Shi was hired as the shogunate minister by Ge Shuhan. In May and June of this year, he set out from Chang 'an to Hexi. From Tianbao's mission to Hexi in the 12th year to the outbreak of Anshi Rebellion in the 14th year, Gao Shi served as the shogunate secretary in Hexi and Longyou. During this period, he created many frontier poems, most of which were full of sonorous, clear and cheerful artistic conception, with grandeur as the main feature. This difference is closely related to the change of the author's identity and status, and his works mostly show the lofty sentiments of meritorious service in the army. "Listen to the flute on the bunker" is one of them: "Snow-cleared horses are still grazing in Hutian, and the flute is guarding the building in the moonlight. Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight. " It is lively, describing the beautiful and quiet scene and atmosphere of the moonlit night on the border after the invading Hu people withdrew, and revealing the author's love for frontier life.

Ten years official

In November of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Shi Rebellion broke out. Tang Xuanzong used Ge to guard Tongguan, and Gao Shi was appointed as Zuo Shiyi, transferred to supervise the suggestion and assisted Ge. When Tongguan fell, Gao Shi offered a plan to Xuanzong, asking him to do his best to collect the property hidden in the treasury and recruit people who dared to die to resist the enemy. Xuanzong did not listen. Su Zong set up Lingwu, and the Yuan Dynasty reformed to the utmost virtue. Xuanzong ordered the kings to divide the town. He thought it impossible to make high-level suggestions, but Xuanzong didn't listen. Later, Li Lin, who was guarding Jiangling, rebelled, proving Gao Shi's foresight. Therefore, Gao Shi was highly valued by Tang Suzong, and was appointed as the envoy of Huainan and the magistrate of Yangzhou, and participated in the conquest of Li Ling. After Li Lin was defeated and killed, Gao Shi still guarded Huainan and was ordered to join the crusade against Anshi rebels. Later, Gao Shi was appointed as Pengzhou secretariat, transferred to the secretariat, moved to Jiannan, and served as Chengdu Yin. In the first month of Guangde's second year (764), Dai Zong called Gao Shi back to Beijing, where he served as assistant minister of punishments and changed to a regular waiter. In the first year of Yongtai (765), he died in the first month. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty originally said: "Since the Tang Dynasty, poets have become just right."

"People Send Toure to Meet" is a famous poem in Gao Shi's later period. "I send poems to the thatched cottage every day, pity my old friends and miss my hometown. When spring comes, willow leaves are in bud and plum blossoms are in full bloom, which is pleasant, but the wandering wanderers are branded with homesickness. Being in Nanfan, I have no expectations and am full of worries and troubles. This year, everyone remembers the sky, and next year, everyone knows where it is! I've been lying in Dongshan for thirty years, and I'm afraid the book sword is old and dusty for a long time! The dragon bell also returned two thousand stones, which made people in the east, west, north and south feel ashamed. "

This homesick poem for friends is touching because it is full of specific historical content and closely links personal experience with the destiny of the country. The country has many things to do but nothing to do, and its heart is ashamed of its wandering friends. The connotation of this "shame" is rich, including his own loneliness and anger and his deep concern for his friends' situation. This "shame" shows the truth of their friendship and the depth of mutual understanding.

Gao Shi's frontier poems fully reflect the heroic style of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, in which the individual is either tragic or heroic. His poems are simple and realistic, giving people deep feelings in heroism. They are a wonderful flower in the classical poetry garden of China. Author's business card

Di Jianping, director of the Cultural Foundation Teaching and Research Department of the Party School of Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, is an associate professor and author of the biography of Nalan Chengde (703 ~ 765), whose native place is hard to know. His grandfather Gao Lei was a famous soldier, and his father Chongwen was the governor of Shao. So when I was young, I had good conditions to learn books and swords, and I was very conceited and ambitious. I thought I would get a high position in the public service soon. He doesn't want to take the road of "being an official under the door" and "being ashamed of being a positive subject".