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Newton, a great British physicist, was born in Woolsop village, Lincolnshire on February 25th, 1642+65438. /kloc-when he was 0/2 years old, when he was studying in a public school in Grantham, he showed interest in experiments and mechanical inventions, and made his own water clock, windmill and calendar. 166 1 year, Newton studied at Trinity College of Cambridge University and became an excellent student. 1669, became a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University at the age of 27. 1672 was elected as a member of the Royal Society.

From 1685 to 1687, with the encouragement and sponsorship of astronomer Harley, Newton published the famous mathematical principles of natural philosophy, made historic discoveries-laws of motion and gravity, and made great contributions to the development of modern natural science. 1703 was elected president of the royal society. 1727 On March 27th, he died in a small village outside London.

Newton made great contributions not only to mechanics, but also to other aspects. In mathematics, he discovered binomial theorem and founded calculus. In optics, the dispersion experiment of solar light is carried out, which proves that white light is composed of monochromatic light. Studied the color theory and invented reflecting telescope.

Isaac newton (1643 ~ 1727) is a great physicist, astronomer and mathematician, and the founder of the classical mechanical system. Newton loved nature since childhood and liked to use his head and hands. When he was 8 years old, he saved some change to buy a hammer and saw for manual work. He especially likes to carve calendars and use the projection of sticks on the disc to show the time. He also made bicycles with pedals; Make a dripping clock with a small wooden barrel; Flying homemade kites with small lanterns (people think comets appear); Made a mill model powered by a little mouse, and so on. The most vivid example of his observation of nature is his first experiment when he was 15 years old: in order to calculate the wind and speed, he chose to jump with the wind and against the wind when the wind was strong, and then measured the distance difference between the two jumps. When Newton was studying in Grantham Middle School, he stayed in Clark Pharmacy in Grantham Town, which cultivated his habit of doing scientific experiments, because the pharmacy was a chemical laboratory at that time. Newton arranged natural phenomena in his notes, including color matching, clocks and watches, astronomy, geometry and so on. These flexible learning methods laid a good foundation for his later creation.

Newton's great achievements are inseparable from his efforts and diligence. His assistant H. Newton said, "He seldom goes to bed before two or three o'clock, and sometimes works until five or six o'clock. I often live in the laboratory for five or six weeks in spring and autumn until I finish my experiments. " He has a habit of persisting for a long time and concentrating on solving a problem completely. When answering people's questions about his insight into things, he said "keep thinking". This is his main feature. There are many stories about this: when he was young, he once led a cow up the mountain and read a book, only to find that there was only one rope in his hand when he got home; Cooking eggs regularly while reading will cause the watch and eggs to boil together in the pot; Once, he invited a friend to dinner at home, but he worked in the laboratory and forgot to eat or sleep. Repeatedly urged, he still didn't come out. When a friend finished eating a chicken and there was a pile of bones left on the plate, Newton remembered, but after seeing the bones on the plate, he suddenly said, "I thought I didn't eat, so I have already eaten."

Think through the above materials: What does Newton's learning method inspire him? Learn from Newton's hard work and diligence.

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, 85 miles southwest of Germany, on March 1967 1897. Both parents are Jewish. Father Herman Einstein and uncle Jacob Einstein jointly opened a small factory to manufacture electrical equipment. Mother Pauline, a housewife with secondary education, likes music very much. When Einstein was six, she taught him to play the violin. This is a harmonious and happy family. Relatives love little Einstein deeply, but they are all worried about his intellectual development. Einstein was not lively when he was a child, and he couldn't speak when he was over three years old. His parents were worried that he was dumb and took him to see a doctor. Fortunately, Einstein was not dumb, but he didn't become fluent until he was nine years old. Everything he says must be carefully thought over. Einstein Jr. is an honest boy. He never does anything against his will or cheats. To this end, he was laughed at by his classmates and nicknamed him "honest John". Ordinary children like to play competitive games, but he doesn't like to participate. The child likes war games and watching soldiers drill, but he didn't like anything related to the army since he was a child. He is a pacifist and doesn't want to see human beings killing each other.

There is a garden around Einstein's house. He often squats in the bushes in the corner of the garden for a long time, stroking small leaves with his hands or staring at ants running in a hurry. He likes meditation since he was a child and wants to know the secrets of nature. On a picnic by the Hisard River, a relative said that little Einstein was very serious. When other children were playing together, he sat there alone and looked at the other side of the lake. Pauline's mother affectionately defended her child: "He is quiet because he is thinking. Wait, he will become a professor one day! " The relative thought it was ridiculous, but he also understood his mother's feelings. Professor! In people's minds, only those smart people can get this honorary title. Can this silly boy who can't even speak well become a professor?

At the age of four or five, Einstein was once ill in bed, and his father gave him a compass. When he found that the compass always pointed in a fixed direction, he was very surprised and felt that there must be something hidden behind this phenomenon. He happily played with the compass for several days, pestering his father and uncle Jacob to ask a series of questions. Although he can't even say the word "magnetic" well, he stubbornly wants to know why the compass can guide the direction. This deep and lasting impression was vividly recalled by Einstein until he was 67 years old.

When Einstein was in primary school and middle school, his general homework was normal, only his math score was far above the whole class. Because he is slow and doesn't like people, his teachers and classmates don't like him. The teacher who taught him Greek and Latin was very disgusted with him and once publicly scolded him: "Einstein, you will never be a successful person when you grow up." And I want to kick him out of school for fear that his class will affect other students.

Einstein's uncle Jacob is in charge of technical affairs in the electric appliance factory, while Einstein's father is in charge of business dealings. Jacob is an engineer. He loves mathematics very much. When Einstein came to ask him questions, he always introduced his mathematics knowledge to him in very simple and popular language.

One day, Einstein came to ask his uncle, "What is algebra?" ? My uncle explained it this way: "There are many problems in arithmetic that are not easy to solve, and it is very difficult to calculate. Algebra is a' happy' math, which can easily help people solve difficult calculations. We call the number we don't know X and catch it. You take it as something you already know, build some relationships, and finally you can get it easily. " Then his uncle gave him a pamphlet with algebra problems, and Einstein soon learned to solve the problems inside. Uncle Jacob once told him a beautiful theorem in geometry-Pythagoras theorem: the square of the long side of any right triangle must be equal to the sum of the squares of the two short sides. Uncle didn't tell him the proof of this theorem, but Einstein was very surprised to find that this relationship was established after drawing many right triangles.

My father's business is not good, but he is optimistic and kind. Inviting poor students from Munich to dinner at home every night is tantamount to helping them. One of them is a pair of Jewish brothers Max and Bernard from Lithuania. They are all medical students. Both of them like reading and have a wide range of interests. They were invited to eat at Einstein's house and became good friends with shy little Einstein with black hair and brown eyes. Max can be said to be Einstein's "first teacher". He borrowed some popular natural science books for him, discussed with Einstein after reading them, and continued to provide him with new books. Max ignited Einstein's interest in self-study and constantly tutored him.

Max gave Einstein a plane geometry textbook by pirk when he was twelve years old, which immediately caught Einstein's heart. Einstein recalled this sacred little book in his later years and said, "There are many conclusions in this book. For example, although they are not obvious in themselves, they can be reliably proved, so any doubt seems impossible. This clarity and reliability left an indescribable impression on me. " Then Einstein remembered Pythagorean theorem again, so he wanted to prove it. It took him three weeks to finally find a way to take the vertex facing the longest side of a right triangle as the vertical line here, so he divided the triangle into similar triangles and proved this theorem easily. Although this is an ancient theorem with a history of more than two thousand years, Einstein finally got the result after some efforts, and he felt the joy of scientific discovery for the first time.

Max will help him to correct some exercises and solve some difficult problems when he comes every week. Soon after, he was led to study advanced mathematics. When he was thirteen, he taught himself calculus. While his classmates were frowning at simple problems such as plane geometry and cyclic fractions, Einstein had entered the beautiful and magical "infinite world" of infinite series through self-study. Soon Einstein Jr. surpassed Max in mathematics, and medical students eleven years older than him couldn't keep up with children twelve or thirteen years old. In order to have a topic to talk about in the future, Max began to lend him philosophy books. Einstein could understand Kant's Critique of Pure Reason at the age of thirteen. For many adults, this is a boring book. At this time, Einstein read books about mathematics, physics and many philosophers. He doesn't read novels, and his only pastime is playing the violin.

Max thinks he has found a child prodigy. He said, "Great scientists or philosophers will grow up from Einstein."

An American journalist once asked Einstein the secret of his success. He replied: "As early as 190 1, when I was a 22-year-old young man, I had discovered the formula of success. I can tell you the secret of this formula, that is, A=X+Y+Z! A is success, X is hard work, Y is knowing how to rest, and Z is talking less nonsense! This formula is useful to me and I think it is also useful to many people. "

Newton often forgot to eat and sleep all his life. He once made a joke because he was too absorbed in research, and it was later passed down as an anecdote. Once, while reading a book, he boiled eggs on the stove. When he opened the pot to eat eggs, he found a pocket watch inside. On another occasion, he invited a friend to dinner. When the meal was ready, Newton suddenly had a flash of light in his mind. He thought of a problem and immediately went into the study. His friends waited for him for a long time, but he still didn't come out, so he ate all the chickens himself and left the chicken bones on the plate without saying goodbye. Newton remembered, came out, saw the bones on the plate, thought he had eaten them, and turned back to the back room to continue studying his own problems.

According to legend, King Guhennon of Silas asked craftsmen to make him a pure gold crown. When it was finished, the king suspected that the craftsman had mixed a fake gold crown, but the gold crown was as heavy as the pure gold originally given to the goldsmith. Did the craftsman play tricks? Archimedes found that buoyancy could not destroy the crown, which not only stumped the king, but also made the ministers look at each other. Later, the king asked Archimedes to test it. At first Archimedes thought hard, too, to the point. One day, he was taking a bath at home. When he was sitting in the bathtub, he saw the water overflowing and felt his body being gently lifted. He suddenly realized that the proportion of gold crowns can be determined by measuring the displacement of solids in water. He jumped out of the bathtub excitedly and ran out without even considering his clothes, shouting "found it!" Eureka! " . Eureka, which means "I see". After further experiments, he came to the palace. He put the crown and pure gold with the same weight in two jars filled with water, and compared the water overflowing from the two jars, and found that the jar with the crown overflowed more water than the other jar. This shows that the volume of the crown is larger than that of pure gold with the same weight, so it proves that other metals are mixed in the crown.

One day, Little Watt saw a pot of water boiling at home, and the steam made the lid jump. This common phenomenon aroused his great interest. He stared at the beating lid and the steam coming out, thinking hard about the mystery. I have been watching it for over an hour. Later Watt invented the steam engine!

1820 One night in April, when Oster was giving a lecture to a scholar who was proficient in philosophy and had considerable physical knowledge,

Inspiration suddenly came. At the end of the lecture, he said, "Let me put the electrified wire parallel to the magnetic needle and have a try."

! Therefore, he connected a thin platinum wire between the two poles of a small galvani battery, just below it.

Place the magnetic needle, and then turn on the power. The small magnetic needle jumps slightly and turns to the direction perpendicular to the platinum wire. Small magnetism

The swing of the needle is nothing to the audience, but it is too important for Oster who has been looking forward to it for many years.

Look at the phenomenon, finally see it. At that time, he was shocked. He changed the direction of the current and found a small magnetic needle.

Deflection in the opposite direction shows that there is some connection between the current direction and the rotation of the magnetic needle. He discovered the current.

Magnetic effect!

A student in the laboratory of physicist Rutherford (187 1- 1937) worked very hard. One night, Rutherford met him and asked, "Do you work during the day?" The student replied proudly, "Yes", thinking that he would be praised. Rutherford was surprised and asked, "But when will you think?"

The famous German physical chemist Nernst (1864- 194 1) developed an electric lamp called "Nernst lamp", and the sales of this technical product brought him a lot of considerable income. One of his colleagues asked him jealously whether the next development project was to make diamonds. Nernst said, "no, I have plenty of money now. I can afford diamonds." I don't need to make diamonds. "

How does Doppler verify the Doppler effect?

Well, as we all know, due to the conditions at that time, it is impossible for Doppler students to record waveform files and compare frequencies with computers like us. How is he?

He invited a group of trumpeters to sit on the flatbed pulled by the train, and then invited a group of people who could hear the absolute pitch.

Musicians sit by the tracks and let them record with their ears when the train approaches and leaves.

Sound. This is how the Doppler formula is verified!

Albert Einstein can play the violin, and once he participated in the rehearsal of Haydn's string quartet. However, when he entered the second movement, he made four consecutive mistakes. At this moment, the cellist looked up at him and said, "Albert, your problem is that you just can't count."