How to do the final accounts of the project?

Question 1: How to make the final accounts of the project? Step (1) Collect, sort out and analyze the original data. From the beginning of the construction project, according to the requirements of the compilation basis, collect, count and sort out relevant materials, mainly including construction project files, such as design documents, construction records, superior approval documents, budget documents, etc. (2) Control and verify the change of the project, and re-verify the cost of each construction unit and single project. Check and verify the completion data with the original design drawings, and conduct field measurement when necessary to confirm the actual changes; According to the original data such as the final settlement of the approved construction unit, the original estimate (budget) is adjusted in accordance with the relevant regulations, and the project cost is re-approved. (3) Prepare the final financial statements for completion, and strive to be comprehensive, concise, fluent and explanatory. (4) Fill in the final statement of completion. (5) Compare and analyze the project cost. (6) Organize and bind the as-built drawings. (7) Reporting, examination and approval and filing according to national regulations. Matters needing attention The Audit Department shall, within 65,438+00 days after receiving the final accounts of the project, conduct an examination in accordance with the provisions of the relevant documents of the higher authorities and in combination with the company's regulations and settlement methods, and contact the Engineering Department in time when problems are found to ensure that the capital expenditure is reasonable and accurate. The audited project final accounts shall be returned to the engineering department in time for settlement with the construction unit. The company's finance department is responsible for handing over the fixed assets as soon as possible within one month.

Question 2: How to make final accounts of project completion? Acceptance of engineering quantity, according to the construction technology and process, combined with concealed engineering visa, set of quota calculation, adjust the price difference between labor and materials, and get the final accounts of project completion after charging.

Question 3: How to make the final accounts of construction projects depends on the construction contract, whether it is a one-time package or a variable price. If the package dies, the final settlement price is the contract price plus the change price. If it is variable, it depends on whether it is variable unit price or variable total price, and then analyze the specific problems. In a word, the contract is the most important.

Question 4: How to make the final accounts of the project is too general.

Question 5: How to charge for private work in the final accounts of construction projects? First of all, it should be the final accounts of projects, not the final accounts of projects. The final accounts include all the expenses of the whole project, including bank loan interest during the construction period, project supervision fees and so on. Settlement is the cost of construction and installation.

We usually do this here: if it is made for factory workers, it will be three thousandths of the approval result. For Party A's audit and settlement, it shall be calculated as 3% to 5% of the difference between the price submitted by the construction party and the approved price.

Of course, if the project is small, it will not be calculated according to this ratio. It depends on how much is done, but this ratio can be referenced.

Question 6: How to audit the project settlement? First, methods and measures to improve the quality of trial and reduction:

The audit of Jian 'an project cost requires that the auditor of Jian 'an project should not only have a deep knowledge and understanding of professional knowledge, but also have a comprehensive understanding of design content, design process, construction technology, project management, economic regulations, computer application and external environment of the project. And we also know that due to the continuous emergence of new technologies, new structures and new materials, as a result, the contents, methods and means of the original quota, materials and expenses conversion are reasonable and correct, and we need to be able to organically identify the abnormal means laid out by construction enterprises for seeking abnormal profits, and have rich practical experience and excellent professional quality. With the above conditions, coupled with the skills and methods of Jian 'an project price audit, we can do a good job of Jian 'an project price audit with speed and quality. The audit of project settlement should improve the reduction rate as much as possible under the guidance of the principle of fairness and justice, which should be the core concept and purpose of project cost consulting management. As a professional engineering cost engineer, I think that in order to improve the reduction rate, we should first improve our professional level, clarify many problems that are easy to cause ambiguity in the process of settlement audit, strictly control the quality during the audit process, focus on the projects that have a great impact on the engineering cost, and prevent repeated counting of projects; Secondly, we should seriously study the definition and restriction of project settlement methods in the project construction contract, especially the calculation and settlement methods of various visas caused by changes and other reasons during the project construction. The cost of engineering visa accounts for a large share of the total project cost in many projects. Strictly control the increase of project cost caused by project visa, and check whether the visa change procedures are complete and the writing content is clear and reasonable during the audit process. Ambiguity, lack of substantive content, should be verified on the spot and understood by the parties on the spot, after verification. Furthermore, we should be familiar with many problems that often appear in the project settlement of the construction unit in order to conduct focused and planned audits. The first is the error of engineering quantity calculation, such as 1. Repeated calculation of T-joint between rubble and reinforced concrete foundation: 2. The occupied area of holes and passages is not deducted; 3. The area occupied by the inner ring beam and lintel of the wall is not deducted; 4. Reinforced calculation often don't buckle protective layer; 5. Repeated calculation of reinforced bars or stirrups at the joints of beams, plates and columns; 6. Repeated calculation of plastering for floors and walls. Secondly, the application error of quota unit price, such as ① concrete strength grade and stone particle size; (2) component section, single volume; (3) the strength grade and mixture ratio of masonry and plastering mortar; (4) the height limit of a single scaffold; (5) Decoration engineering grade (ordinary, intermediate and advanced); 6. The boundaries of pits, geosynclines and earthwork; All landowners classification boundaries of earthwork, etc. The third is the error of repeated items, such as 1. A leveling layer under the surface of the block; 2. Asphalt coiled material waterproof layer, cold priming oil under asphalt gas barrier; 3. Water supply and drainage facilities belonging to construction projects. This phenomenon is particularly common in projects that adopt comprehensive quota budget. Fourth, the error of comprehensive cost calculation, such as: ① one-time amortization of measures materials; (2) The content of the comprehensive fee item is duplicate with that already considered in the quota; (3) The content of the comprehensive fee project is the same as the construction increase fee and temporary facilities fee in winter and rainy season. In addition, under the mode of bill of quantities valuation, it is particularly important to audit the valuation of partial projects and measures. First of all, we should pay attention to the problems of overestimation, risk calculation, fraud and so on caused by omissions, design changes and project negotiation minutes in the tender with list valuation; Whether the project, work content, project characteristics and calculation unit are consistent with the calculation rules of the list, and whether there is any duplication; Focus on auditing projects with high prices, large quantities of work or easily confusing sub-projects to ensure accurate project costs. The second is to review the correctness of the comprehensive unit price. Unless otherwise agreed in the contract, if the increase or decrease of engineering quantity caused by design change is within the scope agreed in the contract, it shall be implemented according to the original comprehensive unit price; If there are omissions in the bill of quantities, or new items appear in the bill of quantities due to design changes, or the quantities increased or decreased due to design changes are beyond the scope agreed in the contract, the corresponding comprehensive unit price shall be proposed by the contractor and confirmed by the Employer as the basis for settlement. During the audit, the consumption of labor, materials and machinery determined by the local budget quota is the highest control line, and the comprehensive unit price is reasonably determined according to the quotation of the construction enterprise with reference to the price of people, materials and machines in the local construction market. The third is to verify the accuracy of the calculation. Whether the numerical operation of the calculation formula is correct, whether there is intentional calculation, total error and clerical error, etc.

Mastering the above methods and skills, I believe that the reduction rate will be greatly improved and the audit work will be guaranteed ... >>

Question 7: How to do a good job in the budget and final accounts of the project (2012.10.12) Article Source: If the project manager alliance wants to maximize the profit of the project, it must do a good job in the budget and final accounts of the project. How to do a good job in budget management of engineering projects? I think the phrase "details determine success or failure, and the effect of implementing decisions" is more suitable for pre-settlement. To do a good job of pre-settlement, we must really do it in our work: fine management, starting from myself, taking measures in place and doing things seriously. Based on 7-8 years' experience in pre-settlement of grass-roots projects, I think the following tasks should be done well in pre-settlement of a project: 1, contract management 2, budget management 3, site management 4, and completion settlement management. First, strengthen contract management 1, and the contract disclosure should be timely. After the contract is signed, the project team members should be organized to make contract disclosure in time. Let the executor of the contract really understand the contents of the contract and relevant binding terms, the designated construction scope and the responsibilities, rights and obligations of both parties, especially some relevant economic terms, such as the way of signing the contract; How to change the visa, etc. Only by truly understanding the contents of the contract can the project construction management personnel really complete the performance process. Second, strengthen the budget management of construction drawings 1. After signing the contract, the construction drawing budget shall be prepared immediately after obtaining the construction drawing. For the construction unit, the construction drawing budget is the basis of correctly organizing construction, controlling material consumption and assessing project cost. 2, the preparation of construction drawing budget should be associated with the construction organization design. Because the construction drawing budget has been combined with the actual construction. We need to consider what kind of construction scheme can reduce the cost and get the maximum profit. 3. The quantities of construction drawings are carefully calculated according to the construction drawings issued by the owner, and the bidding quotation (or bill of quantities when bidding) can no longer be copied. When compiling the construction drawing budget, we should pay attention to: the contents that have changed from the original bidding drawings; Change the increased or decreased workload; The changed material specifications and models; Missing items in bidding, etc. ; Doing a good job in the construction drawing budget is the basis for adding expenses to the owner. How to prepare the visa for the owner during the construction process is also known in advance. Never underestimate the importance of construction drawing budget in project budget and final accounts. 4. The preparation of construction drawing budget is the guidance of purchasing process control materials. Through the preparation of the construction drawing budget, the technicians are fully familiar with the drawings, and at the same time complete the material plan of the whole project in the process of preparing the construction drawing budget. In fact, the construction drawing budget is a master plan of engineering materials. In the process of material procurement, when it is found that the quantity of purchased materials is greater than the budget quantity of construction drawings, the technicians should immediately find out the reason, which is caused by the visa change or the planned quantity of materials is wrong? This will not only help technicians to check their work in the process, but also reflect whether there are changes and visas in time, which will help prompt technicians and materials personnel to check the price with the owner in time. In addition, there will be no backlog of materials and project funds due to excessive procurement of materials. 5. The construction drawing budget compiled by the construction operation layer can be used as the control basis for the allocation of project progress payment in the construction process, so as to avoid the phenomenon of overpayment of project funds. 6, every project should do a good job in the management of construction drawing budget, and it is, first, every project must really prepare the construction drawing budget before construction; Second, we should really work out the construction drawing budget that is consistent with the project content; Three, the construction drawing budget in technology, budget, materials, financial constraints, help each other. Fourth, to make the construction drawing budget really play its due role, it must not become a mere formality. Third, strengthen the management of project personnel 1, and strengthen the stability of the project team: a stable and United project team is the foundation, premise and guarantee for the project to generate benefits. 2. Pay more attention to project budget personnel: Experience shows that the effect of projects with full-time budget personnel is very different from that of projects without budget personnel or without budget personnel. After many projects are completed without budget staff, the information related to settlement is either lost, incomplete or forgotten to deal with. In short, it has caused great disadvantages to the subsequent settlement work. It should be said that projects with at least 5 million yuan should be equipped with full-time budget personnel. 4. Strengthen the sense of responsibility of project team members: A sense of responsibility is very important at any time and in any work. Especially for the pre-settlement work, the technical personnel of the project play a vital role. In view of the fact that there are many majors in installation engineering ... >>

Question 8: How to make the project budget? Actually, there is no advanced technology. It is enough to be able to read drawings, add, subtract, multiply and divide, and write prescriptions. If you can skillfully use the scientific calculator, your work will be easier. It is easy for a budgeter to do it, especially when he changes from a technical mouth to a budget mouth. It is not difficult to make a budget, it is not easy to do it well, and it is difficult to accumulate experience.

Budgeting is a technical job. I don't remember the quota, but I can calculate the budget by looking at the quota. One advantage of reserving places is that leaders can answer questions immediately.

Budget is counting money, and finance is counting money, but the biggest difference between them is that finance can't have a penny difference, and budget can have a very big difference. It is generally believed that the accuracy is within 3 ~ 5%. The same drawing, the same budget for three times, the total cost is definitely different.

What is the high-level budget like? The budget level is not necessarily high, and calculating the engineering quantity may make a big joke. Where is he tall? Practical experience.

How to accumulate experience? Individuals have their own practices. Practical operation is essential.

In actual operation, the most important thing is to memorize the quota calculation rules. The next thing is to find the rules, and then use EXCEL to automatically tabulate and calculate. Every time I make a budget, I make different tables according to different projects, and then input the basic data, that is, the center line of the wall, the exposed long line of the outer wall, the exposed long line of the inner wall and so on. For example, when calculating the engineering quantity of a room, I only need to input the net length of the interior wall, the size of doors and windows, and the net height of the room, and I can automatically calculate the engineering quantity of interior wall paint, floor and ceiling. This is a skill that can improve the calculation speed and accuracy. Of course, some small places may not be considered. It doesn't matter, the estimated engineering quantity does not require 100% accuracy.

How to write tender documents? Whether the bidding documents are well written is directly related to the settlement effect. There are many templates for writing tenders. However, it should be noted that the nature of the project, geological conditions and site traffic conditions should be clearly described.

In addition, the project should be carefully considered, and all possible situations should be written into the bidding documents, especially the mechanical and electrical engineering and decoration engineering, and the requirements for equipment and materials must be written in. The change requirements in the construction stage should also be clearly written. For example, what kind of change is not experience negotiation, and how much change is not negotiation. The most important point is the qualification statement of the construction unit, which is very important. Many changes can be considered by qualified construction units without economic negotiation. Other questions, remember, don't copy the template, you must read and think every word.

Construction drawing estimation

1, the basic concept of construction drawing budget

Construction drawing budget ................. [/ft] is a construction and installation project cost document compiled and determined by the design unit after the completion of construction drawing design according to the construction drawing design, current budget quota, cost quota and regional budget price of equipment, materials, labor and construction machinery.

Second, the role of ..................... construction drawing budget

Under the condition of socialist market economy, the main functions of construction drawing budget are:

(1) The construction drawing budget is an important link to control the valve cost in the design stage and an important measure to control the construction drawing design not to exceed the design budget.

Construction drawing budget is the basis for compiling or adjusting fixed assets investment plan.

(3) The construction drawing budget can be used as the basis for preparing the pre-tender estimate for the construction bidding project that is not within the scope of implementation specified in the list specification, and the pre-tender estimate is the basis for the contracting enterprise to bid at this time.

(4) For the project that is not suitable for bidding and adopts the construction drawing budget plus adjusted price, the construction drawing budget can be used as the basis for determining the contract price, and can also be used as the basis for reviewing the construction drawing budget proposed by the construction enterprise.

Three. .................... construction drawing budget.

Construction drawing budget includes unit project budget, single project budget and total construction project budget. The unit project budget is based on the construction drawing design documents and the current budget quota; Cost quota and budget price data of labor, materials, equipment, machinery, etc., in a certain way, prepare the construction drawing budget of the unit project; Then summarize the construction drawing budgets of all units to become the construction drawing budgets of a single project; Then summarize the construction drawing budget of all individual projects, which is the total budget of a construction project.

It can generally be summarized as the construction drawing budget of a single project.

To make a budget, you must first understand the map, so ... >>

Question 9: How to make the quality of project settlement work "good" and "poor" plays a vital role in the economic benefits of construction enterprises. To do a good job in project completion settlement, first of all, business personnel should have a correct attitude and meticulous work style of Excellence. The following is my understanding of the project completion settlement of Baosteel Technology Center:

First, establish the overall situation and convince people by reasoning. Although the building area of Baosteel Technology Center is only 38057m2, it is a frame structure with one basement and four floors above ground. However, as a science and technology center building, its structural modeling, materials and decorative varieties are various. There are thousands of square meters of circular pools, flower beds, square roads and underground pipeline systems outdoors, and the construction drawings are different from those when bidding. Due to the lack of funds of the construction unit, the indoor decoration project was postponed, and the decoration companies crossed the construction, so it was difficult to distinguish the parts, which made the project settlement very difficult. Looking at the situation of the whole project, how to compile a complete, accurate and complete settlement book should pay attention to the following points when settling accounts: ① First, understand and master the terms and contents of the bidding documents and construction contracts, be familiar with the construction drawings, go deep into the project site, and understand the general situation of the whole project and the measures of the construction plan. Because the construction drawings are different from the bidding drawings, the bidding workload and the actual workload are also different, so it is necessary to check the workload of the two in detail. Only the Baosteel Technology Center project increased by 1.42 million yuan. (2) Make centralized and classified records of on-site visa information and hidden engineering records, and number, compare and check them in chronological order, so as to ensure that there is no missing sign with the construction unit. If there is any missing sign or unfinished formalities due to the construction unit, it should be filled in time. In the process of visa application with the construction unit, we should consult each other, explain patiently, be reasonable, not be lazy and use flexibly. (3) Before the settlement, first contact with the personnel of the construction unit and the price evaluation unit, understand and be familiar with their price evaluation procedures and personnel arrangements, leave a good impression on them, and regard our relationship as a good friend who performs the contract in good faith. This will bring a lot of convenience to the next price evaluation process. (4) In the process of price evaluation with the price evaluation unit, we should grasp the key points, try to find out the audit key points of the other party and use them flexibly. The key point is to make the workload, quota and price checked at the beginning accurate, leave a good impression on the other party and lay the foundation for the next step. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of large quantity and high price, argue with reason, and make some concessions to some problems existing in a small number. For example, during the project settlement audit of Baosteel Technology Center, both parties began to check the concrete quantity of beams, slabs and columns in the basement, and the total difference between them was less than 1 m3, but the other party had to deduct it without my consent. The amount originally deducted is not large, but I think the settlement audit work has just begun, so we can't deduct it from the other party casually, leaving unnecessary trouble for the next step. I will never give in to get a good start. Through this small example, we left each other a serious, meticulous and clear solution. In the future, if you encounter controversial things in the audit process, it will be better to discuss. Another example is the excavation project of Baosteel Technology Center. The total excavation amount is 6.5438+0.2 million cubic meters, the basement excavation amount is 47,000 cubic meters, and the excavation depth of the trapped basement is 4.8 meters, so it is necessary to pile up earthwork, which brings certain difficulties to the construction. The construction unit visa is that the amount of basement excavation is calculated according to 20 yuan per cubic meter, while the budget price and cost are only 7.38 yuan per cubic meter, which is quite different. This raises the question whether the earthwork volume of 72,000 cubic meters is calculated at that price. After further work and patient persuasion, we told our truth and finally got the consent of the price appraiser. All calculated according to 20 yuan, this alone will increase the economic benefit by 900,000 yuan. Large projects have been saved and solved, and we have also made some concessions for small projects that do not affect the overall situation, which not only improves our economic benefits, but also saves audit time. Second, careful, meticulous, practice makes perfect ① Budget professionals should not only be familiar with the construction drawings and the budget quota of the project area, but also go deep into the construction site, have a full understanding of the construction practices and the use of materials, carefully compare the contents and measures of the construction plan, and analyze the contents not included in the work content and budget quota, the quantity and unit price composition in the quota. For example, Shanghai adopts the comprehensive budget quota, that is, on the basis of the budget quota, the general practice is first integrated with the subtitle of the budget quota to form a comprehensive budget. & gt

Question 10: I have only made a budget book, but how to make a final account? What's the difference between it and the budget book? 1. Budget table: a budget table prepared according to the construction drawings;

2. settlement book: that is, completion settlement, based on drawings and changes, or based on addition or subtraction of bid price;

3. Final accounts: The contents to be done by the construction unit include project settlement fees, design fees, audit fees and land survey fees. A series of expenses incurred by the project.